5/14/2014 1 Efficient and Affordable Urban Energy Efficient and Affordable Urban Energy Services Services 1 Jiwan Acharya Senior Climate Change Specialist (Clean Energy) Asian Development Bank 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 billion billion billion billion total population of Asia and the Pacific* *UNESCAP.2012.Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2013. 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 billion billion billion billion people in Asia and the Pacific depend on burning traditional biomass for energy*** * ***IEA, 2013, World Energy Outlook 2013 615 615 615 615 million million million million people in developing Asia have no access to basic electricity services** **IEA, 2013, World Energy Outlook 2013 The pink region indicates population density. The white region indicates where modern energy is accessible. Energy poverty is a global problem that demands a global solution.
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Energy for All: Efficient and Affordable Urban Energy Services
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5/14/2014
1
Efficient and Affordable Urban Energy Efficient and Affordable Urban Energy
ServicesServices
1
Jiwan Acharya
Senior Climate Change Specialist (Clean Energy)
Asian Development Bank
4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 billionbillionbillionbilliontotal population of
Asia and the Pacific**UNESCAP.2012.Statistical Yearbook
for Asia and the Pacific 2013.
1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 billionbillionbillionbillionpeople in Asia andthe Pacific depend
on burning traditionalbiomass for energy***
****IEA, 2013, World Energy Outlook 2013
615 615 615 615 millionmillionmillionmillionpeople in developingAsia have no accessto basic electricity
services****IEA, 2013, World Energy Outlook 2013
The pink region indicates population density. The white
region indicates where
modern energy is accessible.
Energy poverty is a global
problem that demands a
global solution.
5/14/2014
2
Urban Areas in Asia & PacificUrban Areas in Asia & Pacific
• In 2010, Asia and Pacific was home to 506 million informal settlers - 61% of world
population in informal settlements
• 30 % of Asia and the Pacific’s urban population is living in informal settlements
3
Central Asia (Tjk, Uzb,Kryg & Kzk): Data not provided
Source: State of Asian Cities-2011 UNHABITAT Ch: 4.4.2
Region Urban Population(M) Urban Population
living in Informal
Settlements (M)
Percent
South Asia 671.79 190.74 35
East Asia 545.76 189.62 28.2
South East Asia 286.57 88.91 31
Western Asia 145.16 35.71 24.6
Pacific 2.30 0.60 24.1
Asia & Pacific
(Total)
1651 506 30.6
Energy Energy for for All All
Maximizing Access to Energy Maximizing Access to Energy
• The Energy for All Initiative is ADB’s response to widespread energy poverty in
Asia and the Pacific – energy poverty that has persisted despite the region’s
economic success.
• ADB, through Energy for All is leading regional efforts to expand access to clean,
modern energy for everyone.
• Energy for All works for energy access by increasing ADB’s own investments,
identifying and scaling-up of successful business models for energy access, and
through partnerships with stakeholders, governments and the private sector.
• Strong involvement of the private sector to incubates business models from start-
up to sustainability through our Project Development Facility.
• Launch of Energy for All Partnership in 2009 as a platform for key stakeholders in
energy access to provide 100 million people with access to energy by 2015.
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Energy fEnergy for or All All
ADB’s investment in energy access 2008ADB’s investment in energy access 2008--2013 (Cumulative)2013 (Cumulative)
456,807 714,654
2,268,782
9,995,708
13,391,834
15,639,131
0.00
200.00
400.00
600.00
800.00
1,000.00
1,200.00
0
2,000,000
4,000,000
6,000,000
8,000,000
10,000,000
12,000,000
14,000,000
16,000,000
18,000,000
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Improved energy access (households)
Energy Access Investment (in million $)
YearEnergy access investment Number of households
Accomplishments 2013
• New connections to electricity for 1.7 million households
• Improved electricity service to about 500,000 households
• The switchover of 90,000 households currently burning firewood and other biomass to improved
cookstoves
Energy Energy for for All All
Common Energy Sources of Common Energy Sources of PeriPeri--Urban Societies Urban Societies
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Facility Sources Limitations
Electricity • Illegal connection-hooking
• Power purchase through illegal
service provider.
• Wire through neighbors
• No electricity-use of kerosene
lamps/candles
• Intermittent supply
• Limited load
• Voltage variation
• Fear of being caught/fined
• End up paying more money
Cooking • Kerosene stoves
• Traditional biomass stoves
• LPG (only higher income group)
• Expensive to use
• Lower quality of energy supply
• Time consuming
• Storage and availability issues
Heating • Wood
• Coal and dung cakes
• LPG based heaters (only higher
income group)
• Expensive to use
• Lower quality of energy supply
• Time consuming
• Storage and availability issues
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Energy Sources of the Energy Sources of the PeriPeri Urban SocietiesUrban Societies
7
Source: Clean Energy for the Urban Poor-An Urgent Issue( GENSED)
Improving Energy Access to the Urban Poor in Developing Countries(GENSED)
Bangkok, Thailand
32% of households are
connected Illegally,
hooking/neighbors.
India
•A private company in a
Delhi informal settlement
identified 6,500 out of
8,700 of its consumers
(77%) as having no legal
access to power.
• In informal settlements
visited by TERI, most of the
households used illegal
connections
Bangladesh
• 90% use biomass for cooking which leads to
46,000 deaths per annum due indoor air
pollution.
• The average cooking time is about six hours a
day, and the time spent to collect fuel by the
poor is about 200 hours per year(1.85 hrs/day).
• The lowest income group in Bangladesh
spends 15% of its annual income ($ 45) on
cooking fuels.
Photo credit: reivax@Flickr
Photo credit: adrian fisk@Flickr
Energy Expenditure as a Portion of the Monthly Budget forEnergy Expenditure as a Portion of the Monthly Budget for
Urban Low Income CommunitiesUrban Low Income Communities