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2009 Wi ro Ltd - Confidential
Energy Efficiency/ Sustainability :Economics, Policy and Behavioral dimensions
Sudarshan S A
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2009 Wi ro Ltd - Confidential2
The four models for reducing GHG emissions
ReducedGHG
emissions
Replace FFenergy* withRenewable
Energy
Reduce demandfor energy
Cleanerconventional( FF) energy
SustainableLand-use (
Afforestation,reduced
deforestation..)
Energy Efficiency
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2009 Wi ro Ltd - Confidential3
Sustainable habitat - multiple dimensions of energyefficiency
Cooling efficiency Earth Air tunnels, Geothermal, Chilled Beams etc
Lighting efficiency - LED lighting,Green
Buildings
More efficient IC engines
Lighter materials for car body resulting in higher efficiencies
Green
Transportation
Smart grid management resulting in reduced T&D lossesGreen Grids
Hardware virtualization resulting in greater information processing per cycle
More energy efficient PCs, Servers and RoutersGreen ICT
More efficient industrial motors & pumps
Improved production processes e.g. Smelt reduction in steel industry
Waste to heat recovery in industrial processes
Green
Industry
Energy efficient home appliances e.g, Energy Star ACs, refrigerators, PCs etcGreen
homes
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A further shift
to natural gas Nuclearpower
Renewables Bio-products Carbon capture
and storage
Masstransportation Buildings
Low energyappliances
Doing thingsdifferently
Energy conservation and efficiency
Emission reduction
Roadtransport
Options for changetechnological andbehavioural
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2009 Wi ro Ltd - Confidential6
Category Waste & (Efficiency) Main waste factorsThermal power station :(Available for end-use)/(Generated power)
47% Waste 53% Effy 20% - Power plant losses27% - T&D losses
Industrial motors and
pumps
65 % Waste 35 % Effy 10% - Motor losses
2 % - Drivetrain losses25% - Pump losses30% % - Throttle losses23% - Pipe losses
IC Engines 87% waste 13% Effy 62% - Engine loss18% - Idling loss
7% - Drivetrain loss etc
Energy efficiency is really about reducing waste
Input : 100%(Less) Waste : 70 % =Output : 30 %
An alarming story
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2009 Wi ro Ltd - Confidential8
The Here and Now economics of energy efficiency
PositiveReturns
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Energy intensive industries like Steel, Cement, Chemicals and Oil refiningcan abate 0.7 mn tons ( 1.7 mn tons to 1 mn tons) by 2020 throughefficiency measures alone ( Source : Mckinsey)
Biggest EE opportunities lie in high degree of insulation in buildingenvelopes with integrated passive design.
Most energy efficiency measures are cost negative ; Only green buildingsfall in the modest cost +ve category ( 0-20 Euro per ton of GHGmitigated)
Five point Energy Efficiency program recommendedi. Introduce technical norms/standards for buildings, appliances , vehicles & agri-pumps
ii. Govt to provide fiscal incentives for adoption of efficiency programs
iii. Introduce tradable energy certificates for industry
iv. Promote new business models like ESCOs to overcome Principal Agent issues
v. Implement Time of Day tariffs to shift peak power demand
Energy efficiency for India : salient findings from McKinseystudy
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0
200
400
600
800
1000
2005 2050
Target Mobility - Fuels
Vehicle Efficiency Mobility Choice
Renewable Power CCSBuildings Industry
Domestic Other Actions
Opportunity starts at the national / sectoral level
A. Opportunity Wedges (National)(Developed Country Example)
B. National/Sectoral Goals & Targets
Efficiency BuildingsIndustry xx % p.a.Domestic through to 20xx
Power Renewables xx MW p.a. by 20xx
Generation CCS xx tonnes CO2 p.a.
Mobility Bio-fuels xx litres p.a. by 20xxEfficiency xx mpg by 20xxChoice Hybrid / Diesel uptake
Mass transit
C. National Policies
Buildings adopt new country buildingstandards, design awareness
Industry Sectoral agreements, emissionstrading, technology standards
Domestic carbon labeling, increasedproduct standards (e.g. standby energy)
Renewable Energy renewables targets.
CCS
funding for infrastructure, tax cutson capital investments, price signals for
carbon via emissions trading
Biofuels targets, support formanufacturing, CO2 labeling
Vehicle Efficiency - support technology,incentives, sectoral agreements
Mobility Choice - consumer incentives,promote public/private partnerships for
transport networks
National CO2trajectory
CO2
Emissions
,MTperannum
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Economically sensibly technologiesAdopt and benefit
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Bio-Methanization PlantWealth fromWaste
Proper and adequate disposal of bio-degradable waste is important for Ecological
sustainability and to meet regulatory requirement.
Wipro offers most appropriate treatment and disposal system of biodegradable waste that
generates energy from waste thereby creating wealth from waste sustainably.
EcoEnergy has acquired technology to treat biodegradable waste such as Food waste,Kitchen waste, Animal waste (dung, litter etc), Leather industry waste, Green Grass waste,
paper waste, Crop residue waste - bagasse, Municipal solid biodegradable waste, Hospital bio-
waste, solid process waste from brewery, food processing, distillery, de-oiled cake from
Jathropha and other oilseeds ( edible or non edible).
In-feed into the plant has to be segregated to avoid things non-biodegradable things like egg
shells, coconut shells, coconut fibre.
Thru this technology, cost effective and efficient Biogas plant from capacities ranging from 1
ton/day upto 50 ton/day can be supplied.
Typical output will be 60-100 m3/day from a 1 ton/day feed plant. This depends on fat/
protein/ carbohydrate characteristic and Carbon to Nitrogen ratio.
Typically, about 38 to 45 m3 of Biogas can replace 1 LPG cylinder of 19 kg.
Typical constituent of Biogas is - CH4 (70% -75%); Co2 ( 10% -15%) and H2O ( 5%-10%)
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Bio Gas PlantWealth from Waste contd..
Supply to Staff
kitchen
Schematic diagram for waste to energy proposal for kitchen waste
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Bio Gas PlantWealth from Waste contd..Sample proposal :
Design capacity - 900 kg- 1000kg/ day of in-feed food waste : Area required : normally 100-110 square meter; modular design specific to site possible.
Biogas produced per day: 80 -100 M3 depending on feed characteristics.
LPG replaced: 2no. of 19KG LPG cylinders each per day. (saving of atleast Rs.2400/day in current fuel price
terms)
Capital Investment: Rs.1.75 to 1.8 million for complete plant --- Piping cost, burners cost are excluded and will be
extra. ( Please note a 3 ton/ day plant will not be 3 times the cost of 1 ton plant but will be significantly lower) Delivery of project will be within 12-14 weeks from order and advance payment date.
Pay Back :
1.8 Years ( No hike in LPG)
10 Year IRR:
45% ( No hike in LPG considered )
54% (10% Hike in LPG cost every Year)
Assumed : 365 days of operation
No Carbon credit assumed in Payback and IRR
By product generated is organic manure used as soil conditioner ( Urea substitute) and can be sold @ Rs. 3 to 5
per kg additional income of Rs.80k per year.
(This is not considered in IRR and Pay back calculation)
Operation Cost: Rs. 0.1 million per annum
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echnology and system credentials:
References for this Biogas technology:
Over 30 plants with this technology are operating in India for food waste, animalwaste
Accepted by many pollution board as most advanced and clean tech for biodegradablewaste disposal. Kerala and Maharastra pollution board strongly recommends thistechnology compared to conventional Biogas.
It is mandated by Kerala pollution board to install Biogas plant for establishmentfalling within certain criteria - for Large IT, Industries, Hotel campus is a must.
Notable installation include - Kottyam medical college; Symbiosis college -Pune;Ankhleshwar industrial estate - CETP; Kaiga nuclear plant - Karnataka, Municipalcorporations of Matheran, Pen, Chandrapur; TCS- Thane.
We can offer comprehensive plant operation and training services as well.
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Economics of a Biogas Plant
Size of the Biogas Plant 1 ton/day
Cost of system(mechanical+electrical)
8.3 lakhs
Cost of system (civil) 9.2 lakhs
Total Cost 17.5 lakhs
Biogas Generated 80-90 m3
Total LPG equivalent (average) 42 kg/day
Annual Savings in LPG 15330 kg
Annual Savings 5.2 lakhs
Payback 3.4 years
The total biogasoutput varieswith the input
feedstock,quality of thefeedstock, andambienttemperature.The value
assumed here isan average.
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Cooling with Chilled Beams at a leading BPO
One of the top BPOs in the country who were lookingto reduce their operating expenses on cooling, for their6000 sq. ft. 24x7 office space
Wipro EcoEnergy analyzed their requirements andrecommended chilled beams as an alternative to
conventional central ACs
Chilled beams are highly efficient , require less airhandling, are aesthetically pleasing, and have very lowoperational noise
Solution consisted of active chilled beams embedded inthe ceilings, with a total capacity of 250TR, along with thechillers and air supply units
Solution was 22% more efficient than conventional andensured a total payback of less than 2.8 years
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Economics of Chilled Beams
Type of Plant and Capacity 675 KW VRFOutdoor unitChiller
250 TRChilled Beam
Electrical LoadkW
304 268
Capital Cost(Rs. In lakhs) 213 237
Difference in Capital Cost(Rs. in Lakhs)
24
Energy Consumption per annum(kUnits)
1331.5 1173.8
Total Energy Cost / Annum(Rs. in lakhs)
79.8 70.4
Saving in Energy Cost / Annum(Rs. in lakhs)
9
Pay back period
(years)2.7
Assuming 12hrs
usage for 365days for a 24x7BPO operationin a location likeMumbai
@6Rs/unit
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Industrial Solar Water Heating System
A large industrial sea weed processing unit required hot
water generation of 10,000 liters/day at 80 degreeCelsius, for their plant
Inconsistent supply of grid electricity meant heavydependence on diesel generators for heating, which wasa huge operating expense
Wipro EcoEnergy analyzed their requirements andsuggested the installation of a Solar Water heating systemusing Evacuated Tube Collectors (ETC)
Evacuated Tube Collectors (ETC), as opposed to flat
plate systems, ensure more efficient absorption of solarradiation and hence maximize the generation of hotwater, at comparable costs
The recommended solution resulted in a saving of1.75Lakh units of electricity (10.5 lakh INR) in a year
with a payback period of less than 1.5 years
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Economics of solar water heaters
It is assumedthat the totalnumber ofgeneration days
in this location is300, excludingrainy days
Size of Installation 10000 litres/day
Cost of the basic system 11.5 lakhs
Cost of piping and instrumentation 1.5 lakhs
Total Cost 13 lakhs
Conventional Cost (electric) 0.26 lakhs
Avg. ambient temperature 30 degrees
Final water temperature 80 degrees
Electrical energy savings(daily) 581.4 units
Annual savings 10.5 Lakhs
Payback 1.2 years
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Rooftop PV system for outdoor lighting
One of the top newsprint companies was looking for
clean energy options to power outdoor lights at theirplant location, and reduce their diesel consumption
On analyzing the site conditions Wipro EcoEnergyrecommended centralized PV systems to power the LEDlights around the plant. This will be more efficient and
economical as against independent solar lighting units
Based on expected solar incidence, simulation results,and other site conditions, 4x 1.6kWp modules wereinstalled to power the LED lights, with adequate batterybackup for 3 days of autonomy
The system also includes custom designed monitoringequipment which logged and transmitted relevantgeneration data to a remote dashboard
The system is expected to generate 10MWh of clean
electricity annually
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Specification of the rooftop system
Application Grid Interactive Solar PV SystemSystem Output Voltage 230V AC, 50Hz, 1-phase out.
Module Type Mono crystalline Silicon
Array Wattage 1645Wp (STC) (4 Nos.)
Battery Type Tubular Flooded Lead acid batterybank
Battery Bank Volume 240 V DC
Battery Capacity 400AH @ 2V DC
Solar Charger Rating 2kWp
Inverter Rating 2kVA, 230V AC, 50Hz, 1-phase
Module MountingStructure
Roof Mounting, Galvanized Iron
Monitoring MODBUS acquisition with GPRS
Smart PCUprioritizesbetween solar,grid, and DGpower
Advancedremotemonitoringsystem tomeasure solarincidence andgeneration data
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Other illustrative examples
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Leading Hospital in Delhi
Initial energy performance Index EPI
605 KWH / m2 yr
Steps initiated to improve
Building evelope
AAC blocks
Shade analysis
roof insulation
Lighting improvements
Efficient fixtures and Low W/sq ft design/
Day light integration
HVAC improvements
optimum load calculation
efficient chillers and AHU
Use of VFD
Result of the above50% improvement in EPI with 3 year payback .
ECBC approach to Energy efficiency-
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Indoor lighting comparision-
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Outdoor lighting comparison-
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To summarize
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The Energy efficiency revolution is so do-able
Whole-systemsdesign thinkingEliminate waste by
-Applying whole systems thinking to product design- Applying Lean and Six sigma principles to wastefulprocesses
Policies-Encourage efficiency by removing unwanted subsidies- Mandate and implement standards; Should be part ofcorporate code- Catalyze entrepreneurship through the financingsystem- Shared savings ( addresses Principal Agent problem)
Behavior-Make energy efficiency of products visible througheffective communication- Reward consumers for purchase of more efficientproducts-Voluntary efficiency behaviors at school, work,homes
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Thank you
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