8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
1/100
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
2/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
22
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
Specific
Objec
tives
T
odiscus
s:
Thelink
sbetweenairem
ission,
efficiency,energ
yconser
vationand
climate
problem
Thesou
rceofairpollutio
nfroms
hips
Airemissionreg
ulationr
egime
Mitigati
onoptio
nsforpr
evention
and
control
Quantificationandassessment
Environ
mentalT
echnology-Existing
shipandnew-b
uilt
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
3/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
33
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
Prese
ntatio
nNavigation
Introduction
Energy,e
fficiencyandenviro
nment
Environm
entalissu
esinship
operation
s
Regulationbuiltup
Shipsem
issiontoa
irandissuesofglobal
warming
Energyandfuelqu
ality
Goodpra
cticetowa
rdsbeyon
dcomplia
nce
Alternati
veenergy
andtechn
ology
Environm
entaltech
nology
Thefutureofenerg
yandship
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
4/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
44
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
"Itdoesn
otmatter
whereon
Earthyou
live,
everyoneisutt
erlydependentonthe
existenceofthatlovely,liv
ingsaltwater
soup.
Theresplentyofwaterintheun
iverse
witho
utlife,bu
tnowhere
istherelife
witho
utwater.Theliving
oceandrives
planeta
rychemis
try,governsclimate
and
weat
her,ando
therwiseprovidesthe
corners
toneofth
elife-supp
ortsystem
for
allcreaturesono
urplanet,
fromdeep
-sea
starfishtodeserts
agebrush.Thatswhythe
oceanm
atters.If
theseais
sick,wellfeel
it.
Ifitdies,wedie
.Ourfutu
reandthe
state
oftheoceansare
one."
SeaC
hangeAM
essageoftheOceans
Sylvia
Earle,
1995.
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
5/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
55
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
Introduction
M
an,
Environme
ntandTechnology
Man
Biosph
ere-Water,AirandSo
il
Thetechnosphere-T
heship,
Thepo
rt
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
6/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
66
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
Introduction
Combustion----->pollutioncon
trol--->e
nergy
conservation
Combustion
=
Gene
rationofelectricity+
release
ofchemical
Emissionfrom
combu
stionimpa
cts:Genera
tionof
fossilf
uels
carcity,P
hotochemicalsmog,O
il
dependen
tworld.
Aggressivequ
estforalternative
energ,Internationala
ndlocalregistrationbuild-up
Reassessm
entandre
volutionworkon:
plantore
duceemission
ofexis
tingandnew
engine
Challenge
ofmatchin
genergyefficiencyat
minimum
emissionofpollution
Controlof
emissionislinkedtotraditionalf
actors
ofreliability,
fueleco
nomy,pershaftpower,
capitalcostandmaintenance
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
7/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
77
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
Fuelefficiency
linkedto
pollution
Maximizing
overalle
nergyefficiency-temperature,e
lectrical
thermodyna
mic,andmechanical
Awelli
nsulatedboilersystem
canachievecombustion
efficiencycloseto100%
andthermalefficiencyoftheorderof
90%
Heatlossbyhightemper
atureexhaustgasandinc
oolant
systemsred
ucethetherm
alefficiency
Forelectrica
lenergy,
70
percentoftheprimaryene
rgyislost
inthepowe
rgeneration&transmissionstage
Thermalefficiencyisimprovedby:ins
ulation,recy
cling
of
gaseouseffluents,rateofheattransferincombustionchamber
andliquidcoolants
Designerof
combustionc
hamber->to
achievehigh
combustion
efficiency-u
nburntfuelis
consideredtobea
pollutants
Doubleince
ntive-completecombustio
nefficiencya
ndreduce
emission
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
8/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
88
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
Fuele
fficiency
linkedto
pollution
Agoodcombu
stionrequirehightemperature,aresidenttimesufficientlong,
presentofoxid
izer
Heattransferfromflametosoli
dsurfaceiscomposedoffconduction,
convectionand
radiation
Luminosityandpresentofsolid
particlescanlea
dtosignificance
changein
ratioofradioactivetoconvectiv
eheattransfer
Problemassociatedwithachiev
ingmaximumefficiencyarelinke
dto
pollutioncontr
ol
Completeoxid
ationandburningoffuel->increa
secombustionefficiencyand
reducepollutio
n
Howeveroxideofnitrogenhavepresentedmajorproblemsdueto
contradictoryr
equirementofpo
llutantformation
andcombustion
efficiency
Formationofo
xidesofnitrogen
hasaffinitytohightemperature
Oxideofnitrogen->difficultto
treatasapollutant->restrictionvitalbefore
formation
Sulfurcontrol
requireremoval
ofsulfurbeforeburningorextractionfrom
effluent
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
9/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
99
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
Issue
ofToday
Worldwide
focusoffuel->Exhaustg
as
emission
lawbyIM
Oandin
troduction
of
localrule
s
Emission
limitsdrivingevolutionto
developm
entand
adaptationtonew
technolo
gy
Solution
anticipate
dtomain
tenanceof
shiplife
cycleata
verageof
25years
Focusis
currently
moreon,
NOxand
SOx
HC,Co
xandparticulatew
illsoonjo
in
Consider
ationinvo
lvenotonlyfueluse
anddesignbutals
oOPERATIONALIS
SUE
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
10/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
1 010
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
11/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
1 111
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
12/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
1 212
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
Main
Threa
t
Freshwatersupplyandqu
alitysurface
&
groundw
ater
Riskandthreatstohumanhealth->
collapse
of
ecosystem
health
Pollutionof
theloweratm
osphere->combustionoffossilf
uels
andbiomass
burning
Land/marine
interactio
n
&
transboundary
issues
(
eutrophication)
Environmentalflashpoints
/security
Nuclearwasteissues
Long-terma
ndinter-annu
alclimatechange
Habitatloss
andforestfra
gmentation
Endangered
species,linktofoodsecurity&economicimpacts
Sanitationandwastedue
tocrosscuttin
gurbanizatio
n
Chemicalandtoxicsubst
ancesQualityoflife
Criticalenvironmentalzon
es
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
13/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
1 313
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
G
enera
lImp
acts
Thealtera
tionandde
structiono
fhabitatsa
nd
ecosystem
s
Theeffect
sofsewageonhuman
health
WidespreadandincreasingEutrophication
Thedeclin
eoflivingresourcesS
ediments
TheimpactsofClima
teChange\Risingsea
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
14/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
1 414
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ImpactCategories
HighProbabilityandHigh-I
mpactEvents
:
Landbased
resourcesdegradation
MarineRes
ourcedegradation
Damagesd
uetodisasters
Environmentaldamages:
-Lossofbiodiversity
-Depletionof
naturalresourcebases
-Increasedgreenhousegas
emissions
Lowprobabilityandslowimpactevents:
Globalclim
atechange
Stratosphericozonedepletion
Persistentorganicpollutants
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
15/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
1 515
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
Global
ClimateChan
geImp
acts
Stratosphericozonedepletion:
-Lossofb
iodiversity
-Freshwaterdegrad
ation
-Desertificationand
landdegradation
-Deforestationandtheunsustainableuseof
forests
-Marineenvironmen
tandresourcedegradation
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
16/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
1 616
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
17/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
1 717
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
18/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
1 818
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
19/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
1 919
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
Pollution
from
Ships
R
elease:
Waterpollution
Airemission
Persistento
rganism
Accidental-
Grounding,S
tranding,
Los
sofoil,
Hazardous
cargo,
Noxiousliquid,collisionwithma
rinemammals
Operation-
Oils
pill,Carg
oandBunkerfuel,Emissio
n(Sox,
Nox,
CFC&
VoC)Antifoulingtoxins,Ba
llastwater
discharges,
Noise,
Waste
disposalatsea,
Dredging
@dispersalofsoil
-
Intentional
-
Unintentional
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
20/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
2 020
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
FlowProc
essoftypic
alexhaustgasCompos
ition
Emissionis
inherent
consequenc
eof
poweredsh
ipping
Fueloilbu
rningas
mainsource
Continuou
s
combustion
machineries-
boilers,gas
turbines
andincinerators
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
21/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
2 121
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
GlobalWarmi
ngPote
ntialsb
y
Emissio
nSourc
es
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
GWP(100Yea
rITH)
Cox
NOx
CHX
HFC-134a
HFC-227e
a
HFC-c-23a
CF
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
22/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
2 222
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
Emiss
ionSou
rceandCurrent
ReductionMeth
ods
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
23/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
2 323
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
UN
AgenciesGetS
erious
Galvanizethescientificcommunit
y:
-setuppane
l's/collabo
ratingscien
tistsandtechnical
bodies
-useexistingscientificbodiesand
researchce
nters
-
useglobalobservation
systems
Taponinfo
rmalsourcesofinform
ationrelatedto
earlywarning
Dealingwithproblem
ofsharings
ensitivedata
amongcountries
Humancap
acity
Rapidsprea
dofIntern
etasatoolforinformation
compilation
,discussion,anddisse
mination
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
24/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
2 424
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
Re
gulationbuildup
UNAgencies
Localagencies
(OilS
pillsP
rotocol)-
ProtocolCo
ncerning
S
peciallyProtectedAreasandWild
life(SPAW
P
rotocol)
ProtocolCo
ncerningPollutionfrom
Land-bas
ed
S
ourcesand
Activities(LBSProtoc
ol)
Agenda21U
NAgencie
sRegulat
ionCluster
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
25/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
2 525
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
IMOGetSeriousNew
Strateg
ies
Toaddress
greenhousegasemiss
ionsfroms
hips-
Adoptionofcontrolan
dpreventionmeasure
sin
2003;
Toaddress
problemsa
ssociatedw
iththetransferof
harmfulaquaticorganismsinship
s'ballastw
ater
adoptionof
finaltexto
fIMODiplo
maticConference
in2004;
Tosupport
theInterna
tionalConv
entiononthe
ControlofH
armfulAnti-foulingSy
stemsinS
hips
2001;and
Toaddress
theongoingimplemen
tationofth
e
InternationalConventiononOilPollution
Preparedne
ss,
ResponseandCo-operation1990.
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
26/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
2 626
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
LEGALINSTRUME
NTSAND
REGULAT
ION
CLUS
TER-IMO
International
conventionfor
theprevention
ofpollutionfromships
(MARPOL)19
73
Itcoversacci
dentalandoperationaloilpollutionaswellaspollution
bychemicals,
goodsinpackagedform,sewage,garbageandair
pollution
Itwasmodifiedbytheproto
colin1978relatingto(MARPOL73/78)
M
ARPOLcover:
AnnexI-Oil
AnnexII-Noxiousliquidche
micals
AnnexIII-Ha
rmfulGoods(p
ackage)
AnnexIV-Sewage
AnnexVBallastwater
AnnexVI-em
issionandairp
ollution(Sox,Noxandgreenhousegas,
emissionofozonedepletion
gas(ODG))
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
27/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
2 727
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
IMO
Ne
wannextoM
ARPOLfocus:
Controlandm
anagemento
fBallastwatertominimize
transferofha
rmfulforeign
species
Globalprohib
itionofTBTin
antifoulingC
oating
-phaseout
scheduledfor
2008
Internationalconventiono
noilp
ollution
,Responseand
cooperation(OPRC)-1990
Policytocombatingmajor
incidentsorthreats,controlto
prevent,mitigatesoreliminatesdanger
ofmarinepo
llution
throughporttoitscoastlinefrom
amaritimecasualty
Annexprotocolunderthisconvention(H
NSProtocol)
covers
marinepollutionbyhazardousandnoxioussubstances(HNS)
Airemission
from
ships
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
28/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
2 828
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
MARPOLAn
nexVIConvent
ion
Technicalc
odeforpr
eventionof
airemissio
nsfrom
ships
Dieseleng
inetest
Survey
Certificationofcompliance(IAPPC)
NOxcomp
liancelimit-30%r
edu
ction
Reviewof
5yearsint
erval
Restrictiononuseof
fluorocarbo
nsonboar
d
Carbondioxideemissionfromship
Fuelquality
SOxEmissionContro
lAreas(SE
CA)
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
29/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
2 929
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
NOx
R
equirement
forcontrolo
femissionf
rom
ship
n2000rpm!4
5n^0.
2)g/kwh
N>200rpm
9.8g/kw
h
O
therrequire
mentandst
andards:
NOxdepen
dson:Fuel
efficiency,L
argebore,L
ow
speed
Fuelgrade
-ISO8217
Emissionte
st-ISO817
8
Onecommonlimitsfor
allengine-
International
harmonizationofregulationandeq
uipment
standards
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
30/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
3 030
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
IMO
NoxComplianceLine
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
31/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
3 131
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
IM
ONOxC
omplian
ceLine
MinimizingtheNOxem
issionsfrom
dieselengines
isa
pressinginternationalproblem
Theabovegraphshowstheinternationalregulation
standards
adoptedbytheIMOinSeptember1997
Inrespon
setothis,en
ginemanufacturersareexploringall
meansof
reducingNOx
emissions
Low-NOx
typemarinedieselengine
fornewseriesengines
usethefo
llowingmethodstoreduceNOxemiss
ions:
*
NOxisgeneratedwhencombustiongas
isheldathig
h
temperature.
Toreduce
NOxgeneration,
thefollow
ingstepsare
required:
1.
Lowerthecombustio
ntemperature.
2.
Shortenthecombustiontime.
ImprovementsaimedatNOxred
uctionare:
1
.
Delayoff
uelinjectiontime
2
.
UseofSC
R
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
32/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
3 232
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
SOxEmissionC
ontrolA
reas(SECA)
AnnexVIto
MARPOL73/78limitsthesulphurcontentof
MFOto1.5%
permassandwillapplyindesignated
SECAs.
ThefirstSECAistheBalt
icSea->ente
rsintoforceon19
May2006.
TheNorthS
eaAreaandtheEnglishChannelSECAwill
enterintoforce22Novem
ber2007.
Thegeographicalbounda
riesforthese
twoSECAsa
re
definedinM
ARPOL73/78
EUdirective
2005/33/EC,requiresship
stoburnfue
loil
withlessthan1.5
%s
ulphurintheNorthSeaSECA
from
11
August2007.)
NewSECAs
areexpected
tobeadoptedinthefuturebased
oncertainc
riteriaandproceduresfordesignationofSECAs
MARPOLAn
nexVI,Regulation14(4b)
givestheopt
ionof
usinganexhaustgascleaningsystem
(EGCS)which
reducesthe
totalSOXem
issionsto6.0
g/kWh.
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
33/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
3 333
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
Baltic
SeaSEC
A
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
34/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
3 434
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
Curr
entRed
uctionP
otentials
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
35/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
3 535
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
EmissionReleasefromPrimeMovers
0123456
GTE
DFD
SSD
NOx
SOx
CO
CO2/10
0
SOU
RCE:Prof.Frankel-M
IT
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
36/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
3 636
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
COxcontentsforD
ifferentP
lantsand
Fuel
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
37/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
3 737
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
Emissiono
fParticulatesasaF
unctiono
fFuel
Sulph
urConten
t
Alargeparto
fthedifferenceb
etweenHFOandDOisrelatedto
the
sulphur,w
hichtogetherwithwaterformspa
rticulates
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
38/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
3 838
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
Mitigation
Shipboard
andwasteemissionoutlin
e
TreatmentandElimination-PollutionPrevention
(P2)or
PollutionControl-thisis
backboneof
the
thrustin
achieving
cleanship.
Thebasic
P2principles
follow:
PollutionPreventionUsefewerenvironmentallyha
rmful
substance
sandgeneratelesswaste
on
board.
PollutionCon
trol:Increasetreatment,p
rocessing,or
destructio
nofwasteso
nboard.
-Eliminating
theuseofenvironmentally
harmfulche
micals,
suchasozone-depletingsubstance(ODSs),toxic
anti-
foulanthu
llc
oatings,andotherhaza
rdousmateria
ls,may
bethebestapproachfo
rsomepoten
tialproblems
.
Emissioncanonlybesubjecttoreductionatbest
rather
thanelimination
Otherpollution
aresub
jectstozero
dischargeoruseof
minimum
possiblegivencurrenttech
nology
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
39/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
3 939
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
40/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
4 040
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
EmissionRed
uctionPotentials
Recentstudiesrevealedthate
xhaustemission
fromshipisresponsible
for:
-
14%oftheworldwideNOxemission
-
8%ofworld
SOx
Emissionsfro
mocean-goinga
reforecasttoin
crease
-
9%to13%by2010
-
20%to29%by
2020
Bulkcarrier,
containerandtankervesselsarethethreelargest
contributors.
Lowexhaustemissiondiesele
nginecouldach
ievesa25%red
uctionin
airemissions
TheIMO,NO
xemissionlimitwillreducethe
averageNOxem
ission
factorsforocean-goingvesselsby:
-
4.1%formainengines
-
8.3%forauxiliaryengines
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
41/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
4 141
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
GeneralMitigationTec
hniques
P
rimarymeasures:
Useoflowsulfurfuel(lessthan6g/kwh)
S
econdarymeasures:
Exhaustgasc
leaningsystemortechnology
*
*SoxforECA(EmissionContr
olArea)&Fuelchangeover
T
hereare3waysbywhichpollutioncanbecontrolled
Cleaningfuelpriortocom
bustion(fuelpreparationsuchas
fractionation,catalyticcracking,
desu
lphurization)
Reducingth
eproduction
ofpollutantsduringcombu
stion(
statecombustion,exhaustgasrecirculationandred
uced
temperaturelevel)
Cleaningex
haustgas
*
*(Allt
hesem
ethodsattrac
tsmajordesignmodificatio
n
that
heateconom
icofenergy
balance
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
42/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
4 242
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
Existing
EmissionMitigationMethods
Nitrogenreduction->
throughchoiceof
propulsion
system
Sulfurreduction->in
bunkerfuel
OnboardCatalyticsy
stem
->lik
e:
-Converter
-waterinject
ion
-Emulsion
Operationally->through:
-speedreduction
-Useofshorepowerconnection
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
43/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
4 343
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
NOxRedu
ctionO
ptions
F
orexisting
engines:
UseofNOxinjectors
Retarding
injectiontim
ing
Temperatu
recontrolo
fthecharge
air
ExhaustGasRecirculation(EGR)
Fuel/wat
eremulsion
Waterinje
ction
HumidAir
Motor(HAM
)Technique
-additiono
fwet
steamtotheengine
SelectiveC
atalyticRed
uction(SCR
)
F
ornew
eng
ines:
E
nginecertification
-
Pre-certification,
-
Technicalfileclarificat
iononengin
efamilyand
group,
-
Finalcertification
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
44/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
4 444
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
Op
eration
alMea
sures
-
RelifiquationplantsforLNG
/LPGcarriers
->Reduction
ofNOx,
Sox,+cost
savingthroughboiledoffg
asreuse
-
Speedreductionatashore
proximity->~
10-20%
-
AlfaLubricato
rsystem
-Re
ductionincylinderoil
consumption->reduction
inparticulateemission
-
Electroniccon
trolengine->
Programmedfuelinjectio
nand
exhaustvalve->Emission
reduction
-
Turbogeneratorplant>U
seofhighefficiencyairflo
wfor
powertake
off>reduce
fuel+reductionofemission
-
System
integration->Hum
idairMotor(HAM)-engine
intake
airoperatingwithwater+Exhaustgasrecirculation
(EGR)
~50%r
eduction
-
HFOsulfurcontent-Needforoilc
omp
anytochangetheir
equipmentforlowsulfur
oilproduction
->ship-owne
rwill
facehighco
st
-
Additivesol
utionhasbee
nexpensives
ofar
-
Dualfuelop
tionforlows
ulphuRrestrictedareas(1.
5-4.5
)
needforadditionaltanks
and
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
45/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
4 545
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
MitigationforExistingShips
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
46/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
4 646
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
SlideValveOp
tion
Thecontentof
hydrocarbonsinthe
exhaustgasfrom
large
dieselengine
sdepends
onthetypeo
ffuel,the
engineadjustmentand
design.
sacvolumeisthevoid
spaceinthefuelvalve
downstream
ofthe
closingface
Reducedsac
volumein
thefuelvalve
shas
greatlyreduc
edHC
emissions.
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
47/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
4 747
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
SlideValveOption
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
48/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
4 848
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
AlfaLubri
catorSy
stem
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
49/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
4 949
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
AlfaLubr
icatorS
ystem
Ahigh-pressureelectronic
allycontrolled
lubricatorthatinjects
thecylinder
lubeoilintothecylinderattheexactposit
ionand
time->optimaleffectisn
otalwayspossiblewiththe
conventionallubricators
Aparallellineisfollowed
bytheSIP(SwirlInjection
Principle)lu
bricator,w
her
etheoilisinjectedpriortopiston
passage,therebyhavingth
eoildistributedbytheairsw
irl.
Useformarineenginesandenginesforpowergeneration
purposes,ve
rylowfeedra
teshavebeen
demonstrated,w
ithoil
consumption
downto0.5g/bhph.
Byapplying
lowoildosag
e->emission
islowered+
less
cylinderoiliswastedinth
eengine-whe
reitcouldend
upin
thesystemo
il,resultingin
increasedTBNandviscosity.
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
50/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
5 050
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ParticulateEmissio
n-FunctionofPote
ntial
Lub.Oil
Consump
tion
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
51/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
5 151
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
PMMeasur
e
Thep
ictureofthefilters
usedfordilutiontunnel
PMm
easurementstaken
beforeandafterthe
scrub
berat75%load
and1
5%recirculation.
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
52/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
5 252
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
S
cavengeAirFactor
NOxreductionby
meansofSC
Rcan
onlytakeplaceinthe
mentioned
temperature
window
Becauseifthe
temperature
istoo
high,N
H3w
illburn
ratherthanreactwith
theNO/NO2.
Attoolowa
temperature,t
he
reactionratewouldbe
toolow,and
condensationof
ammonium
sulphates
woulddestroythe
catalyst
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
53/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
5 353
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
SCRInstallati
onBlockDiagra
m
ToreducetheNOxleve
lbyupto
98%,i
tisnecessarytom
akeuse
oftheS
CR(SelectiveC
atalytic
Reduction)technique.
Withth
ismethod,theexhaustgas
ismixe
dwithammonia
NH3or
UREA
(asNH3carrier)
before
passing
throughalayerofa
special
catalystatatemperature
betwee
n300and400C,
whereby
NOxis
reducedtoN2andH2O.
Thereactionsare,inprinciple,t
he
following:
4NO+
4NH3+O24
N2+
6H2O
6NO2+8NH37
N2+12H2O
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
54/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
5 454
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
SCRSystemLayout
Theamoun
tof
NH3injecte
dinto
theexhaus
tgasis
controlledbya
processco
mputer
dosingthe
NH3in
proportiontothe
NOxprodu
cedby
theengine
asa
functionof
the
engineload.
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
55/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
5 555
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
SCRPerformanceReference
List
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
56/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
5 656
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
SC
RElectronicS
ystem
Theflexibilityofthe
electronicallycontrolledengine
canimprove
theemission
controlando
perationofNOX
reductionby
meansofwater
emulsion
WhenoperatingwithanSCR
catalyst,
itis
difficultto
maintainthe
enginedynamics
andtheturbo
chargerstabilityat
transienteng
ineloads.
Withtheelectronically
controlleden
gine,a
fasterload-
upbyearlye
xhaustvalve
openingand
lateinjection
timingispos
sible
Also,modulatedexhaustvalve
timingstabilizesthe
turbocharger.
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
57/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
5 757
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
SCRCo
nfiguration
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
58/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
5 858
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ExhaustGasRecover
y(EGR
)
E
GRsystemhastwowater
injectionstages,w
itha
simplewaterseparatorunit
a
fterboth.
T
hefirstwaterinj
ection
stageinvolves
h
umidificationwithsalt
w
aterinordertoe
nsurethat
thereisnofreshwater
c
onsumptioninth
esecond
freshwaterinjectionstage.
T
heoutlettemperatureof
thefirststageis
a
pproximately100oC.
T
hisstagehasasingle
m
ulti-nozzleinjec
tor.
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
59/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
5 959
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
EGR
withW
aterTreatment
Thissystemisconnected
totheexhaus
tsystemin
thesameway
asthe
simpleEGRsystem
ButtheEGR
lineis
routedtoa.b
ubble-bath.
scrubberfrom
thewhich
cleansandco
olsthe
exhaustgas.
Thewaterloopinthe
scrubbersystemis
cooledandm
onitoredin
aWaterTreatmentSkid
withafiltera
ndsettling
system,c
lean
ingthe
usedseawater.
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
60/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
6 060
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
EG
RandHAM
System
TheNOxproductiononly
takesplaceatveryhigh
temperature
s(2,2
00Kand
above),and
itincreases
exponentiallywiththe
temperature
.
TheEGRm
ethodisbased
onareductionofthe
oxygencont
entinthe
cylindercharge,andthe
HAMm
ethodispartly
basedonreducingthe
oxygencont
entofthe
cylinderchargeand
partlyoninc
reasingthe
heatcapacit
yofthe
cylinderchargebythe
additionofw
atervapor
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
61/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
6 161
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
TypicalPressurizedFuelOi
lSystemw
ith
Hom
ogenizer
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
62/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
6 262
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
Hu
midAir
Motor(HAM)
Theaddition
ofwatertotheH
FObyhomogenisationincreasestheviscosity
Tokeepthev
iscosityattheen
gineinletat10-1
5cSt,max.2
0cSt,Itis
necessarytoraisethetemperaturetomorethan
the150oCwhichis
standardtoda
y(max.
170oCa
t50%water)rais
ethefueloilloop
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
63/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
6 363
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
NOxReduction
fromEm
ulsifica
tion
10%NOx
reductionfor
each10%wateradded
Thewateramountsrefertotheinjecte
damountoffueloil
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
64/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
6 464
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
EGR
Atincrea
sed
recirculation
amounts,t
heHC
andPM
emission
sare
reduced
correspondingto
thereduc
tionof
theexhaustgas
flowfrom
the
engine.
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
65/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
6 565
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
Annual
Operating
CostforLNGCarrier
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
66/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
6 666
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
CaseStu
dyRetr
ofitInstallationofS
CR
No
rwegianown
edLPG-carr
ierNavionDania,equippe
dwith
a6
S35MCmainengine.
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
67/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
6 767
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
EmissionAssessmentQuantifica
tion
Emissionscalculation-usingemissionfactors
andactivitydatabymodeofo
peration:
Emissions=[(Px
LFxEF)Ma
in+(PxLF
xEF
)Auxiliary]ModexT
Mode
P=registeredmainorauxiliaryenginepower,
kW;
LF=loa
dfactorrelativetoreg
isteredpow
er;
EF=em
issionfacto
rbymode,g/kWh;
Tmode=
timeinmode,
hours.
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
68/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
6 868
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
Emissi
onFactors
NOx-12-
17g/kwh
CO-1.6g/kwh
HC-0.5g/
kwh
Cox-660g
/kwh
Sox-4.2g
/kwh
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
69/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
6 969
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
Environ
mentalRisk
Sinceoptionsar
emanyandmoney
willbeinvolve,
itisbettertouseIMO
FSAHAZOPmethodforvarious
decisiononalternatives.
RISK=Hazard
(Toxicity)xExpos
ure
(an
estimateonprob
abilitythatcertain
toxicitywillberealized)
F
orexample:
UseofXra
yshasahighAQ
(Highbenefit,lowrisk)
UseofTha
lidomidehasasm
all
AQ(Smallbenefit,highrisk)
Nuclearwarhasaverysmall
AQ(Nobenefit,veryhighrisk)
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
70/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
7 070
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
RiskM
anagem
ent
Riskma
nagementistheeva
luationof
alternativeriskreductionme
asuresand
the
implementationo
fthosethat
appearcos
teffective
Itmust
beremem
berthat:
Zerodischarge=zerorisk,but
-thechallengeistobringther
isktoacceptable
level
-atthesam
etime,derivethem
ax.benefit
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
71/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
7 171
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
CostBenefit
Analys
is(CBA
)
CostBenefit
Analysis:
MaximizingBOTH
->
econom
icreturn+enviro
nmentalreturn+
environmen
talprotection
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
72/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
7 272
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
EnergySourceandFu
elQuality
Thequest
sforanefficientfuelfriendlytothe
environmenthavebe
enrecognizedinmaritime
industryforalongtimeinmarit
imeindustr
y.
Improvem
entsofgasolineandd
ieselbychemical
reformula
tionthatca
nleadtodecreaseinozone-
formingpollutantsan
dcarbonm
onoxideem
issions
Inconvenienceposed
bythesereformulatio
n
chemicals
areperformanceprob
lems:
-
cold-starta
bility
-
smoothoperation
-
avoidanceofvaporloc
k
a
redisadvantagesofusingreform
ulatedfuels.
Globaltre
ndinde-Ca
rbonization
oftheene
rgy
systemfo
llowthefollowingpath
:COAL>O
IL>
NATURAL
GAS>HYD
ROGEN
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
73/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
7 373
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
Po
tentialo
fNaturalGas
Thedrive
towardsen
vironmenta
llyfriendlie
rfuels
pointsnextatNaturalGas(NG)
Theinfras
tructurestosupportth
attrendar
e
beingpre-positioned
bycorpora
temechanisms
andgovernmentalbo
diesworldwide.
NGischeapanditsr
eserveisplentiful.
NaturalG
asasfuelisbecoming
moreand
more
establishe
dinUrban
Transporta
ndPower
Generatio
nsectors.
Itsusewilla
lsotake
aggressive
approachf
orall
coastalve
sselincludingferriesd
uenew
regulation
s.
Internationallyitsop
erationalrecordandG
HG
gasscore
isratedas
GOOD.
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
74/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
7 474
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ImpactofU
singNe
wFuel
Thattechnologywilltransfersym
pathetical
lyto
themarineindustryviaavailabilityofengin
es,
systemsa
ndtechnicalassistance.
Marinecraftoperatio
nininland
wateroperation
aswellas
deepseaw
illrequirefuelsupplie
din
bulkrenderingtheNGdistributionviable
Theuseo
fanalterna
tivefuelforvessel
propulsion
willleads
toadesign
reviewof:
-
Powerpla
nt
-
associated
fuelsystem
-
propulsion
train;
+Effectivelyreshapingareassu
chasMach
inery
Arrangem
ent,HullFo
rm,
Compa
rtment,Ca
rgo
Deck,
Pay
loads,
Superstructure,
InteriorLa
youts,
Escape&
Safety,
Rou
teOptions,etc.
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
75/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
7 575
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
EnvironmentalTechnology
ForEmis
sion
Reduction
Alternative
energy
Alternative
fuelandd
ualfuelengines
Infusionofwatermistwithfuelandsubsequent
gasscrubb
ingunitsforslowspeedengines
Additionalf
iringcham
ber
Potentialforgasturbinecomplexcycle
Potentialforturbocha
rgerdiesele
ngine
Compound
cyclewith
:gasified
fuel,exter
nal
compresso
r,combust
ionwithpu
reoxygen
Exhaustaftertreatme
ntformed
ium
speed
engines
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
76/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
7 676
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
Co
mbineCycleE
ngine
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
77/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
7 777
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
CombinedCy
cle
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
78/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
7 878
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
RoundTripEmissio
nfor135,000cubicmeter
LN
GShip
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
79/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
7 979
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
OptionforLNG
PropulsionSys
tem
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
80/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
8 080
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
OptionforLNG
PropulsionSys
tem
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
81/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
8 181
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
PrimeMov
ersandDrives
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
82/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
8 282
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
C
omparisonofPropulsionPlantsefficien
cyand
SystemSize
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
83/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
8 383
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
Environ
mental
TechnologyUpdate
Lloydperformedar
esearchon
exhaustgas
emission
assessment
Roll-RoycebuiltAllen5000S
eriesengin
e
withelectronicsfuelinjectors
thatcontro
l
NOx
Makenginehasdev
elopedanewMDSe
ngine
withredu
ctioninNOXwithou
tfuelpena
lty
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
84/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
8 484
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ExhaustgasMonitoringEquipments
Comewithne
wtechnolog
ymustbem
onitoringsystem
someoft
heavailable
monitoring
systemsare
:
Electrochemicalcells
Chemiluminescentanalyzer
Paramagne
ticanalyzer
Analysisofopticalradiation
M
onitoringm
odecouldbe:
-Insitu-withsimultaneousdataana
lysis
-Extractivesy
stems-data
analysistra
nsfertooth
er
locationforprocessing
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
85/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
8 585
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
Sustaina
bilityandMaritime
MARIT
IMEINDU
STRYINN
EWWORLD
CHAR
ACTERIZE
DBYSUSTAINABILI
TY
CAP
ACITYBUILDING,E
FFICIENCY
OPT
IMIZATIONOFDEVE
LOPMENT
,
PRACTI
CEANDOPERATIONSTHATMEETS
T
HENEEDS
OFTHEP
RESENT
GENERATIONWIT
HOUTCOMPROMISSING
THEAB
ILITYOFF
UTUREGE
NERATIONTO
MEET
THEIRNE
ED
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
86/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
8 686
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
Advantagesof
MaintainingQu
ality
Goodenvironm
entalquality
isessentialf
orsustaining
coastal
andmarineec
osystems20,
commercial,recreationalfisheries,
and
economicgrowthinco
astalcommunities.
Itisalsoanim
portantmeansofprovidin
gnaturalprotection
againstrising
sea
levelsan
dstorm
damage.
Thehealthofcoastalandm
arineecosystemsisaffectedby
waterquality,
andinturn,waterquality
isdependen
tupon
ecosystem
health.
Ifoneis
impaired,
the
otheristhre
atened.
Despitetheirvalueandthe
programsdesignedtoprotectthem,
manycoastal
watersarebe
ingdegraded
atanalarmin
gratein
additiontothis.
**
Shipthatmeetenvironmentalrequirem
entwillbea
bleto
meetrequirem
entofGREE
NPASSPORTconceptforships
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
87/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
8 787
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
AdvantagesofM
aintain
ingQuality
Otheradvantag
esare:
Compliance
withalla
pplic
ableenvironm
entallaws
and
regulat
ions;
Nosignifican
tadverseenv
ironmentalim
pacts;
Wastestreatedordestroyedonboardtotheextent
pr
acticable;
Noinappropr
iatedependenceonshorefacilitiesfor
wasteoff-loada
nddisposal;
Minimalener
gyconsumption;
Minimallogis
ticalcostsfor
wastemanagement;and
Minimaluseofhazardousmaterials.
**
Reducingem
issionwillma
keshiptome
etfutureloca
land
internationale
missionregulation.
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
88/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
8 888
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
LocalMarineEmissionRules
Today,onlyafewcountrieshave
ratifiedtheIMO-regulations
CountrieslikeSweden,HamburgandNorwayhav
eintroducedredu
ctionsin
harbourfeesfo
rshipsoperating
onlowsulphurfu
elandwithalow
NOxlevel,
inordertoencouragelowpollutionapplications.
Thereispotent
ialformorelocal
rulesliketheseco
mingup,depending
effectivenessof
IMOenforcemen
tregulationEuro
peanUnion
TheEUhasadoptedtheIMOan
nexVIMarpolco
nventionincludin
g
expandingthelow-sulphurrestrictedareatheFrenchcoastintheEnglish
Channel,andtheNorthSea.
Sweden-TheSwedishauthoritiesdecidedtoaimata75%emissionreductionby
thebeginningo
f2000.Inordertoreachthisgoal,theauthoritiesapplyfinancial
incentivesinth
eformofenvironmentallydifferentiatedfairwayand
portdue
Tostimulatesh
ip'stotakemeasureswhichwould
benefittheenviro
nment,such
asusingcatalyticconvertersorm
akingothertechnicalimprovemen
tsthat
decreasethenitrogenoxideemissionsandpromotetheuseoflow-su
lphur
bunkerfuel..
Norway-TheN
orwegianMaritim
eDirectorateissuesguidelinesonemission
limits.Thelim
itsdonotapplyto
allshiptypesandarebasedonacalculationof
thetotalemissionloadfactorsfromNOX,SOX,th
etypeoffuel,and
theuseof
redundantmac
hinery.Thehighe
rtheemissionfac
tor,thebetterthe
protection
oftheenvironm
ent,andthelessistobepaidinton
nagetaxbyNorw
egian
ownersandoperators.Thisrule
becameeffectiveon28November2
000,and
appliestoships
above1000netregistertons.
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
89/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
8 989
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ThefutureTowardsCleanSh
ipOperatio
n
Thedevelopm
entofnewmeasuringequipmentforemissionc
ontrolwill
continueinth
ecomingyears,
andespeciallyt
echniqueslikeH
AMand
EGR
Theconcernoflocalauthoritieswillchangefromfocusingon
NOxand
SOxtoinclud
ealsosmoke,in
particular.
TheIMOAnnexVIunconditionalratification
forNOxIN2003andthe
recentinclusionofSOxissignformoreenvironmentalrestrictionin
future
Localrulesth
atencouragetheuseofemission
cuttingmeans,suchas
SCRreactors,throughharbourfeereduction
swillbecomem
ore
dominantthantoday.
SCRunitsarepreferablyinst
alledduringthe
constructionof
thevessel,
however,retrofittingishasbeensuccessfullypracticed
Thechallenge
toship-owners
willincreaseas
vesselsarerequ
iredto
have,orbepr
eparedfor,emissioncontrolequipment.
Thesulphurc
ontentinfuelw
illbereduced,a
ndvesseltanksystemshave
tobepreparedfordualfuela
nddualcylinderlubeoilsystem
s.
Insomeareas
,theoperatingprofileoftheshipwillhavetobeadaptedto
localrulesfor
reducedsmoke
emission.
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
90/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
9 090
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
TheFutu
reTowardsCleanS
hipOperation
Landbase
dairpollut
ionregulationisa
foundationforfuture
legislaturesinmarine
industry
Fossilf
uelisconsideredthesing
le;largest
contributo
rtoemissionApartfrom
Nox,ot
hers
likeCO,H
C,particulatematter,
Cox,smoke
emissionarelikelyto
attractnewregulations
Tofacilitateadaptationtoemiss
ionregulations,
operators,officers,enginebuilders,yardsa
nd
ship-owne
rsmustha
veviewtoachievingthe
globaltargetofacleanerplanet
.
Thelatest
generation
ofelectron
icallycontrolled
enginesareanintegralpartofthatpolicy.
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
91/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
9 191
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
...[M]ansfingerprintisfoundeverywhereinthe
oceans.
Chemicalcontaminationa
ndlittercan
beobservedfromthe
polestothetropicsandfrombeachestoabyssaldepths...But
co
nditionsinthemarinee
nvironment
varywidely.T
he
openseaisstillrelatively
clean...Inco
ntrasttothe
open
ocean,t
hemarginsoftheseaareaffec
tedbyman
almost
ev
erywhere,a
ndencroach
mentoncoa
stalareasco
ntinues
worldwide...Ifunchecked,t
histrendw
illleadtoglobal
deteriorationinthequalityandproduc
tivityofthe
marine
en
vironment."
TheStateoftheMarineEnvironment,1989;GroupofExpertsontheScientificAspectsofMarinePoll
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
92/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
9 292
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
OtherEn
vironmen
talTechn
ologyUpd
ate
Ozonesafesubstances-200-TonAir-conditioningPlantConversionKit-
Th
eCG-47andD
DG-51plantshavebeen
successfullyconvertedtothe
oz
one-friendly
refrigerant
HF
C-
236fa
c
onversion
kit
has
been
es
tablishedbyNRL
So
lidwaste-S
olid-WastePulpers-Thepulper(especially
the
large
pu
lper)isthemachineintowhichyoudump
tremendousq
uantitiesof
pa
per,cardboard
,orfoodwaste
.Thewastemixeswithseaw
atertoform
slurry,whichisthendischarged
overboard.
St
udiesshowan
immediate10
0,0
00-to-1dilu
tionwhendisc
hargedinto
th
ewakeofaship.
Shipsequi
ppedwithapulpercandispo
se
oftheir
pa
per,cardboard
,andfoodwastejustaboutanywhereandatanytime
at
seaincluding
MARPOLareas.
Liquidwaste-O
WSandBilgewaterPolishers
:Manybilge
cleanersthe
Navyusestoday
containlong-la
sting
emulsify
ingagents,wh
ichproduce
st
ableoil-in-wat
eremulsions
thatshipboardOWSscannoteffectively
pr
ocess.
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
93/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
9 393
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
94/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
9 494
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
R
ecentDev
elopmentinCoalitio
nControlWork
Anu
mberofprom
isingdevelop
mentsthatexisttodayare:
KutsuroKijima
showeda
modelingap
proach
that
permitted
analysisofpassing
situatio
nsthatwou
ldhelp
setprocedural
st
andardsforsafepassing.
Ia
nDand
repor
tedonthede
velopmentof
models
forshipsquattha
thaveshown
verygoodaccuracyovertheyears.
La
rry
Daggett
describedth
eadventof
dualfrequency
DGPS
re
ceiversandt
heirroleing
atheringfull-scaleshiptrialdata.
In
additiontothe
excellenthor
izontalaccura
cyofthenor
malDGPS
re
ceiver,
these
receivers
provide
vert
icallocation
with
an
accuracymeasuredincentim
eters.
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
95/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
9 595
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
Measur
eforShip
Designfo
rSafetya
nd
EnvironmentalProtection
IMOapprovedinterimguidelinesforestimatingthemaneuverability:
Ruddersizean
deffectiveness,
Abilitytotrans
itatslowforward
speed,
Propulsionand
propellercharacteristics,
Numberofav
ailableenginerev
ersals,
Adequatehorsepowerforcontr
ol,
Extrareserver
udderangleneededtoallowforshipcrabbingfromwind
forcesormoor
edshipsuction,
Visibilityfrom
bridgeandbridgearrangement,
Hullformsquat(trimandsinkage)characteristics,
effectofbankf
orcesonmooringsandpassingships,
Airdraft,Emergencyanchoring
ability,
Amountoftow
lineleadsandlineaccess.
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
96/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
9 696
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
General
BestPracticeforPowerPlants
Generalcons
ervationpracticeformachin
eriesare:
Fanlubrication
Pumpslubric
ations
Compressors
lubrications
Repairsteam
andcompressairleaks
Insulatebare
steamlines
Inspectandrepairsteamtrapsincreaseco
ndensatereturn
Minimizeboilerblowdown
Maintainand
inspecttemperaturemeasuringdevices
Maintainand
inspectpressuremeasuring
devices
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
97/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
9 797
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
B
estPracticeforO
peration
ofMach
ineries
Recoverenergyfromh
otgases
Reduceenergyfromhotliquid
Reusehotwashwater
Addeffectstoexisting
evaporators
Useliquefiedgasesas
refrigerants
Recompressvaporforlowpressuresteam
Generatelowpressure
steamfrom
flashoperation
Usewaste
heatforabsorptiontore
duceheatlo
ss
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
98/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
9 898
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
Man
agemen
tRespo
nsibility
Maintainair-conditionere
fficiencyand
reduceheated
and
cooledspace
Maintainboilerefficiency
Usenaturev
entilationwheneverandwh
ereverpossible,
reduceairin
filtrationandsealleaksinp
ipesandducts
Raiseoffice
temperaturesinsummer
Lowerofficetemperatureinwinter
Useshading
efficiently
Closewindo
wsandotherairleaks
Donotuselightnecessarily
Turnoffofficeequipment
thatisnotuse
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
99/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
OLADOK
UN
9 999
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
AreaofCo
ncentrationforDomesticUtilities
Cooking
Heating
Hotwater
Cooking
Lighting
Newequipmentapp
lication
8/14/2019 Energy Conservation by Oladokun Sulaiman
100/100
D1MCSemester
1/EnergyConservationManagement(ECM06)/
1 0 0
100
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
ToBeAWorldClassMaritimeAcademy
sonalResponsibility
fficientequipments
edengine
forgaininefficiencyand
entilation
whereverit
ispossible
ventilationindwelling
place
essarytrip
s
food
at ouseffort
toconducty
ourlifeina
n
entbasis