Energy by Eduardo

Eduardo Sanjurjo Eduardo Sanjurjo RodríguezRodríguez

6º B – Primary6º B – Primary

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INDEXINDEX

1.1. Energy ........................................... 3Energy ........................................... 3

2.2. Electricity ....................................... 5Electricity ....................................... 5

3.3. Electrical current ............................. 6Electrical current ............................. 6

4.4. Producing electricity ........................ 7Producing electricity ........................ 7

5.5. Magnetism .................................... 11Magnetism .................................... 11

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EnergyEnergy is the ability ofEnergy is the ability ofan object to changean object to changethings around it.things around it.Energy can be :Energy can be :

o MechanicalMechanicalo LightLighto SoundSoundo ThermalThermalo ElectricalElectricalo Chemical Chemical o NuclearNuclear

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Sources of energySources of energy Fuels (coal, natural gas and

petroleum) chemical energyWater mechanical energyWind mechanical energyUranium and plutonium thermal energySun light energyBiomass chemical energyOcean waves and tides mechanical energy

Sources of energy can be:- Renewable (such as sunlight or wind)- Non-renewable ( such as coal or

petroleum)Energy transforms:

One form of energy can transform into a different form of energy.When you clap our hands, we transform kinetic energy into sound energy.

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ElectricityElectricityElectricity is a form of energy:Electricity is a form of energy:We can We can transporttransport it easily through it easily through power power lines.lines.It It transformstransforms into other types of energy, into other types of energy, like the light energy of a light bulb.like the light energy of a light bulb.

Electricity comes from other forms of Electricity comes from other forms of energy like energy like the mechanical or the chemical.the mechanical or the chemical.Electrical charges

Objects can accumulate electricity, they can be electrically charged.

Objects can be :•Neutral (same number of “+” and “-” charges).•Positively charged (more “+” than “-” charges).•Negatively charged (more “-” than “+” charges).

Objects with different electrical charges will attract each other, and objects with same electrical charges will repel each other.

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Conducting and insulating Conducting and insulating materialsmaterials

Conducting materialsConducting materials: electical charges move : electical charges move easily through materials (copper)easily through materials (copper)

Insulating materialsInsulating materials: electrical charges cannot : electrical charges cannot move through materials (wood, rubber, plastic)move through materials (wood, rubber, plastic)

Electrical currentElectrical currentElectrical current is the movement of electrical charges through a conductingElectrical current is the movement of electrical charges through a conductingmaterial.material.

Electrical circuitElectrical circuitElectrical charges need an electric circuit to move and create an electric Electrical charges need an electric circuit to move and create an electric

current.current.

The elements in a electric circuit are:The elements in a electric circuit are:

Battery is the generatorBattery is the generator Wire is the conductorWire is the conductor Ligh bulb is the receiverLigh bulb is the receiver Switch open or closed the circuitSwitch open or closed the circuit

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Producing electricityProducing electricityElectricity is produced in Electricity is produced in power stations power stations and then transported and then transported through power lines.through power lines.Types of power stations:Types of power stations:

Hydroelectric powerHydroelectric power

stationsstationsUse the energy from reservoirs.Use the energy from reservoirs.

Water moves a turbine and itWater moves a turbine and it

generates electricity.generates electricity.

Thermal power Thermal power stationsstations

Burn fuels. Combustion heats Burn fuels. Combustion heats waterwater

than is converted into steam. than is converted into steam. SteamSteam

moves the turbine and generatesmoves the turbine and generates

electricity.electricity.

RicobayoRicobayo

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Nuclear power stationsNuclear power stationsUse uranium or plutonium toUse uranium or plutonium toproduce thermal energy.produce thermal energy.

Wind farms andWind farms andsolar power solar power

stationsstationsTransform the wind’s andTransform the wind’s andthe sun’s energythe sun’s energy

Nuclear power station of Almaraz-Cáceres

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Energy and the environmentEnergy and the environment

• Depletion of fuelsDepletion of fuels

Reservoir of Reservoir of AlmendraAlmendra

• Changes in Changes in the landscapethe landscape

Coal mine in Coal mine in CerredoCerredo

• PollutionPollution

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Using energy Using energy efficientlyefficiently

To save energy and use it efficientlyTo save energy and use it efficiently

• Turn off the lightsTurn off the lights and use natural light and use natural light when possiblewhen possible

• Use public transportUse public transport, walk or ride a bike, walk or ride a bike• Turn off heatherTurn off heather and and air conditioningair conditioning • InsulateInsulate homes homes• Practise the 3 R’sPractise the 3 R’s: reduce, reuse and : reduce, reuse and

recyclerecycle

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MagnetismMagnetismMagnetism is the ability of materials to attract metals such as iron and steel.Magnetism is the ability of materials to attract metals such as iron and steel.Types of magnets:Types of magnets: Natural (magnetite)Natural (magnetite) Artificial (fridge magnets)Artificial (fridge magnets)

All the magnets have two parts:•The north poles (N)•The south poles (S)

We cannot separate the poles of a magnet, although break it in half.

Same poles repel each otherDifferent poles attract each other

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The magnetic poles of the The magnetic poles of the EarthEarth

The Earth’s core is made out of iron andThe Earth’s core is made out of iron and

nickel.nickel.

The Earth acts like a large magnet.The Earth acts like a large magnet.

It has a It has a north magneticnorth magnetic polepole and a and a

south magnetic pole. south magnetic pole.

The compass needle always points to The compass needle always points to thethe

magnetic poles of the Earthmagnetic poles of the Earth

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Uses of magnetismUses of magnetism

• MagnetsMagnets are used in: are used in: door locks, bags, door locks, bags, electric motors and electric motors and clocksclocks

• MagnetismMagnetism is used to is used to store informationstore information on on credit cards, mobile credit cards, mobile phones and computer phones and computer drives.drives.

• Magnetic devices are Magnetic devices are used to used to control theftcontrol theft of clothes, CD...of clothes, CD...

• Magnetic strips on Magnetic strips on plane tickets and ID plane tickets and ID cards.cards.

• Compass.Compass.

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ElectromagnetismElectromagnetism

Is the relationship between electricity and magnetism.Is the relationship between electricity and magnetism.

•Magnetism produce electricity (dynamo off a Magnetism produce electricity (dynamo off a bicycle)bicycle)

•Electricity produce magnetismElectricity produce magnetism

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