Energy Auditing Techniques for Small Commercial Facilities 2012 Ryan Stroupe, Pacific Energy Center Jim Kelsey P.E., kW Engineering Sean Harleman P.E.,

Energy Auditing Techniques for Energy Auditing Techniques for Small Commercial FacilitiesSmall Commercial Facilities

20122012

Ryan Stroupe, Pacific Energy CenterJim Kelsey P.E., kW EngineeringSean Harleman P.E., kW EngineeringTodd Bell, Food Service Technology Center

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Miscellaneous Miscellaneous EfficienciesEfficiencies

3Energy Auditing Techniques for Small and Medium Commercial Facilities2009

Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives• Understand the power contribution of plug loadsUnderstand the power contribution of plug loads

• Recognize Energy Star appliance standardsRecognize Energy Star appliance standards

• Understand availability of plug-load controllersUnderstand availability of plug-load controllers

• Understand contribution of leaking power suppliesUnderstand contribution of leaking power supplies

• Recognize other ways to control these loadsRecognize other ways to control these loads

• Know where to find incentive informationKnow where to find incentive information

4Energy Auditing Techniques for Small and Medium Commercial Facilities2009

Energy Auditor Role and ActivitiesEnergy Auditor Role and Activities• Catalog existing equipmentCatalog existing equipment

• Look up replacement Energy Star equipmentLook up replacement Energy Star equipment

• Look up available incentivesLook up available incentives

• Know when external control devices are appropriateKnow when external control devices are appropriate

• Activate energy star features for computersActivate energy star features for computers

• Consider if plug loads can be turned off in DR modeConsider if plug loads can be turned off in DR mode

• Measure power draw of plug loadsMeasure power draw of plug loads

5Energy Auditing Techniques for Small and Medium Commercial Facilities2009

Why are Miscellaneous/Plug Loads Important?Why are Miscellaneous/Plug Loads Important?• Represent 13% of commercial electric energy use

• The typical American owns 25 electronic products

• Leaking loads account for 5% of energy use in homes

• Plug-load equipment draws 1-15 watts in “off” mode

• Some facilities are dominated by these loads (datacenters, hospitals)

• National energy consumption by servers and data centers is 1.5% of U.S. total & could double in another five years

• Most office equipment is left on for 24 hours a day

• Many plug loads have minimal control strategies available

• These loads contribute heat to the space and cause the AC to run

6Energy Auditing Techniques for Small and Medium Commercial Facilities2009

Percentage of Energy for Different End UsesPercentage of Energy for Different End Uses

Space Heating

2%

Fan/ Pumps

15%

Other

13%

Offi ce

Equipment

14%Space Cooling

14%

I ndoor

Lighting

35%

Outdoor

Lighting

6%

Water Heating

1%

Large office building Lodging

http://www.pge.com/biz/energy_tools_resources/building_survey/index.html

7Energy Auditing Techniques for Small and Medium Commercial Facilities2009

Office Plug LoadsOffice Plug Loads• Computers• Monitors• Printers• Fax machines• Copiers• Multifunction devices• Scanners• Task lighting• Heaters• Refrigerators• Other

Power x Time Power x Time kWh kWh $ $

Save energy and reduce cost:Save energy and reduce cost:

by lowering wattageby lowering wattage

by reducing run-timeby reducing run-time

8Energy Auditing Techniques for Small and Medium Commercial Facilities2009

PrintersPrinters• Power draw: 20-100 watts• Sleep: 11-25 watts*• Typical use:

active: 1.5 hours/day off: 14.5 hours/day

• *Should stay in stand-by mode

MonitorsMonitors• Power draw: 75-120 watts

• Sleep: 0-10 watts

• Typical use: active: 4 hours/day off: 14.5 hours/day

• Can control to OFF

Desktop Computer

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

2-Oct 4-Oct 6-Oct 8-Oct 10-Oct 12-Oct 14-Oct 16-Oct

watt

s

9Energy Auditing Techniques for Small and Medium Commercial Facilities2009

Energy Star EquipmentEnergy Star Equipment• Clothes washers

• Computer monitors

• Copiers

• Dehumidifiers

• Dishwashers

• Fax machines

• Mailing machines

• Printers

• Room air cleaners

• Scanners

• Water coolers

• Vending machines

10Energy Auditing Techniques for Small and Medium Commercial Facilities2009

Energy Star Appliance List

http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=products.pr_find_es_productshttp://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=products.pr_find_es_products

11Energy Auditing Techniques for Small and Medium Commercial Facilities2009

Computer Power Management SoftwareComputer Power Management Software• For control of desktop computers only• Allows for centralized control at server level of

networked computers.• Software must have reporting feature for energy saved.• Qualifying software list and review:

– http://www.pge.com/powermanagementsoftware

– http://www.mge.com/business/saving/madison/pa_52.html

12Energy Auditing Techniques for Small and Medium Commercial Facilities2009

Horizontal Axis Commercial Clothes WashersHorizontal Axis Commercial Clothes Washers• Saves gas use due to reduced

hot water use• Saves water use• Reduces wastewater• This efficiency qualifies for PG&E

Incentive if model is CEE Tier 3*

*See PGE.com for latest information on incentives

13Energy Auditing Techniques for Small and Medium Commercial Facilities2009

High Efficiency DishwashersHigh Efficiency Dishwashers• Level 1 Rebate1

– Qualifying dishwashers must use less than 324 kWh/ year and 5.8 gal/cycle. Go to www.energystar.gov for a list of qualifying products.

• Level 2 Rebate1

– Qualifying dishwashers must use less than 307 kWh/ year and 5.0 gal/cycle.

– Go to www.energystar.gov for a list of qualifying products.

See PGE.com for latest information on incentives

14Energy Auditing Techniques for Small and Medium Commercial Facilities2009

Stand-by (Vampire) LoadsStand-by (Vampire) Loads• 10 to 15 watts per device • 22 percent of all appliance consumption • 10 percent of total residential consumption• California's policy on standby power came into effect in 2007,

limiting appliance standby power to 0.5 Watts• Examples:

– Power supplies, transformers and inefficient electronic devices. – VCRs, DVD players and some audio systems. – Set-top boxes – Microwave ovens – Computers, digital monitors and printers – TVs, if not switched off from the power switch (if they have one). – Air conditioning systems with remote control. – Devices with "Instant on" functions, with remote control receivers, or waiting for the user to

interact. – Devices with a stand-by light or clock. – Small transformers (such as wall warts) that convert AC electricity into DC electricity,

whether or not they are powering any device. – Devices that get warm or that have warm transformers when they are off.

15Energy Auditing Techniques for Small and Medium Commercial Facilities2009

Manual ControlsManual Controls• The simplest, cheapest and most

error-free method for controlling plug loads

• Requires conscientious employees

• Difficult to apply to shared equipment

16Energy Auditing Techniques for Small and Medium Commercial Facilities2009

Occupancy ControlsOccupancy Controls• Good for equipment where occupancy

correlates to use

• Assures that loads are not running continuously

• Not to be used with equipment that must remain on alert (fax machines) or where data can be lost (CPUs)

17Energy Auditing Techniques for Small and Medium Commercial Facilities2009

Plug-load ControllersPlug-load Controllers• This efficiency qualifies for PG&E Incentive*

• Applications– Computers

– Task lighting

– Copiers

– Fax machines

– Vending machines

*See PGE.com for latest information on incentives

18Energy Auditing Techniques for Small and Medium Commercial Facilities20092007

Vending Machine ControllerVending Machine Controller

1. Turns off lights and compressor if no one is there

2. Cycles compressor on if case exceeds a max temperature to insure product is cold

19Energy Auditing Techniques for Small and Medium Commercial Facilities20092007

Vending Machine Controller ResultsVending Machine Controller ResultsWithout

VendingMiserWith VendingMiser

Weekdays

(261 days)

With VendingMiser Weekends

(104 days)

Daily Wh 7,900 4,900 1,900

Daily Operational Cost ($0.15 kWh)

$1.19 $0.73 $0.29

Annual kWh 2,885 1,270 200

Separated Annual Operational Cost ($0.15 kWh)

$435 $190 $30

Combined Annual Operational Cost ($0.15 kWh)

$435 $220

Percent Savings with the VendingMiser

49%

20Energy Auditing Techniques for Small and Medium Commercial Facilities2009

Activity ControlsActivity Controls

• Greater savings than occupancy controls

• Built-in to most Energy Star® equipment

• Monitor: mouse or keypad movement = activity

• Printer, Fax, Scanner: command = activity

21Energy Auditing Techniques for Small and Medium Commercial Facilities2009

Timer ControlsTimer Controls• Isolate timer for individual

devices

• Demand savings (12-6 p.m.)

• Eliminate waste from loads with consistent usage patterns (coffee machines, irons)

22Energy Auditing Techniques for Small and Medium Commercial Facilities2009

Other Plug-load StrategiesOther Plug-load Strategies• Network printers• Use ink-jet over laser printers• Electronic (email) over paper copies• Connect monitors to CPU• Activate sleep mode on computers• “Unplug” chargers with plug-strip

23Energy Auditing Techniques for Small and Medium Commercial Facilities2009

Irrigation EfficienciesIrrigation Efficiencies• Saves water

• Saves pumping energy

• Types:– Drip irrigation

• Convert high pressure sprinkler to micro-irrigation

– Low pressure sprinkler nozzles• Convert high pressure sprinkler

to low pressure

24Energy Auditing Techniques for Small and Medium Commercial Facilities2009

Miscellaneous Tools and ResourcesMiscellaneous Tools and Resources• Clamp-on amp meters

• Split extension cords

• Plug load boxes

• Temperature loggers

• Occupancy sensors

25Energy Auditing Techniques for Small and Medium Commercial Facilities2009

Refrigerator DataRefrigerator Data

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

7/10/02 7/17/02 7/24/02 7/31/02 8/7/02 8/14/02 8/21/02 8/28/02 9/4/02 9/11/02 9/18/02

26Energy Auditing Techniques for Small and Medium Commercial Facilities2009

Key Points to RememberKey Points to Remember• Where to find energy star data on appliances• The energy star label is not always present on equipment• Leaking power supplies can draw significant energy use• Plug-load controllers can limit equipment run time• Incentives are available for some plug-load equipment

Please complete the course tracker for the

miscellaneous load section.