Energy and the Environment: A Global perspective Reza Toossi, CSULB 1Copyrights (c) 2008.

Energy and the Environment:Energy and the Environment: A Global perspectiveA Global perspective

Reza Toossi, CSULBReza Toossi, CSULB

1Copyrights (c) 2008

Issues and Concerns Big questions

How much longer petroleum will last? What are geopolitical, economical and the environmental

impacts?

Concerns Useful energy is being more scarce. Population increases at an exponential rate. Industrializations demands more and more energy. Environmental problems becomes more severe with increases

in energy consumption. Limited resources can impact social, cultural, and economical

aspects of our lives.

Where are we going from here?

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Over consumption Over consumption Over consumption Over consumption Over consumption Over consumption

The Problem

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Energy

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Sources Nonrenewable

Fossil Fuel (Coal, Oil, Gas) Nuclear (Fission, Fusion) Geothermal

Renewable Solar (Thermal, Photovoltaic) Wind Waves, Tides, Hydroelectric Biomass

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Why Petroleum? Oil delivers more than 15 times the energy of

an equal mass of dynamite, 700 times that of a bullet, and 100 times energy of laptop batteries

One gallon of oil does as much work as 20 workers work 10 hours a day for an entire year

It is the main ingredient for a variety of consumers products, including pharmaceutical, cosmetics, clothing, pesticides, lubricant, solvents, and ….

It is CHEAP!!!!

Petroleum Balance Sheet (2005)

Who has it? Who uses it?Saudi Arabia 26% U.S. 25%

Iraq 10% Japan 8%

Kuwait 10% China 5%

Abu Dhabi 9% Russia 4%

Iran 9% Germany 4%

Venezuela 6% S. Korea 3%

Russia 5% Italy 3%

Mexico 5% France 3%

U.S. 3% England 3%

All Others 17% All Others 42%7

Petroleum Balance Sheet (2007)

Who has it? Who uses it?Saudi Arabia 26% U.S. 25%

Iran 12% China 8.7%

Iran 10% Japan 6%

Kuwait 9% Russia 4%

UAE 9% Germany 3%

Venezuela 7% India 3%

Russia 5% Canada 3%

Libya 3% Brazil 3%

Nigeria 3% S. Korea 3%

All Others 17% All Others 42%8

The Middle East

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Politics of Energy Globalization Monopolies and Cartels Nuclear issues Control of resources

Gulf War I (Desert Shield) WI, WWII Gulf War II (Operation Iraqi Freedom)

or Operation Iraqi Liberation

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Politics of Oil

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Why to be involved?

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US Reserves

1. Texas 2. Alaska 3. California 4. Louisiana 5. New Mexico

US Oil Production

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World Oil Production

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Environment

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Population

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Growth Rate and Doubling Time

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Region Population Growth Doubling Time

Projected in 2050

World 6.14 Billion 1.3 54 9.0 Billion

Africa 818 Million 2.4 29 1.8 Billion

Asia 3.72 Billion 1.4 50 5.2 Billion

N. America

316 Million 0.5 140 452 Million

S. America

525 Million 1.7 41 814 Million

Europe 727 Million -0.1 -- 662 Million

Oceania 31 Million 1.1 64 46 Million

Sources Nonrenewable

Fossil Fuel (Coal, Oil, Gas) Nuclear (Fission, Fusion) Geothermal

Renewable Solar (Thermal, Photovoltaic) Wind Waves, Tides, Hydroelectric Biomass

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The Greenhouse Effect

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And if all that is not enough…

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Ignoring it doesn’t make the problem go away

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Environmental Consequences (Fossil Fuels)

Global warming Ozone depletion Acid rain Poisons

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Major Air Pollutants

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Carbon Footprint

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Average American household produces 150 pounds of CO2 a day We can easily reduce it by half.

Pounds of Carbon Dioxide

One Gallon of Gasoline 19.6

100 cubic feet of natural gas 12

One ton of coal 1.4-2.8

One kWh of electricity 1.5

Environmental Consequences (Nuclear)

Nuclear Waste (NIMBY) Nuclear Accidents Nuclear War Terrorism

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Environmental Consequences (Renewable)

Solar Wind Wave, Hydropower Biomass Geothermal

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Ozone Depletion One chlorine or bromine

molecule can destroy 100,000 ozone molecules, causing ozone to disappear much faster than nature can replace it.

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Acid Rain Only a few marine

species can survive when pH is smaller than 5.

Health effects include respiratory complications, reduced immunity to infection, reduced visibility, and corrosion.

Regional conflicts (US, Canada, Europe)

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Indoor Air Pollution Average person stays 90% of his time indoors Energy conservancy projects have exacerbated this problem Common sources of indoor air pollution are:

Cigarette and tobacco smoke Paints, lead and other construction material Stoves, refrigerators and other appliances cleaners and chemicals Pesticides Soil Drinking Water

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Future Transportations

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Hybrid, Electric, and Fuel Cells

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Sun and Wind

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Summary Energy will remain the most critical

issue affecting the globe in the 21st century. Energy Efficiency Alternative Resources Jobs Environmental Impacts

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ENGR 302I: Energy and the EnvironmentENGR 302I: Energy and the Environment

ENGR 302I is a hybrid course with 50% seat-timeENGR 302I is a hybrid course with 50% seat-time ENGR302I satisfies GE’s D2, B3, Global, and ENGR302I satisfies GE’s D2, B3, Global, and

Capstone requirementsCapstone requirements For more information, contactFor more information, contact

Reza Toossi, MAE Professor Reza Toossi, MAE Professor

Tel: (562) 985-5641Tel: (562) 985-5641

Email: Email: [email protected] or or [email protected]

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