ENERGY

ENERGYPART 3:

CellularRespiration

Cellular Respiration Process that releases energy (chemical) by

breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen

Occurs in both plants and animals and fungi There are 2 types

Aerobic Respiration Anaerobic Respiration

- With OXYGEN - Without OXYGEN

Products of PhotosynthesisO2 + C6H12O6

(Reactants of photosynthesisCO2 + H2O + ATP)

Reactants of Respirations(products of respiration

CO2 + H2O + ATP)

The Process of Respiration

Part 2

The whole process is divided into 2 parts:

Aerobic Oxygen Occurs in

mitochondria Divided into 2

stages: Kreb cycle (citric

acid cycle) Electron Transport

Chain

Anaerobic No Oxygen Occurs in cytoplasm Glycolysis is an

anaerobic process Glucose is broken

into pyruvic acid and ATP

GLYCOLYSIS Remember…”-lysis” means “to break” Glucose is broken down into 2 molecules of

PYRUVATE Glycolysis is anaerobic Pyruvate can then be used for cellular

respiration Location: cytoplasm Occurs before cellular respiration can happen

Glycolysis Once glucose is imported into the cell:

Glucose is broken down into 2 molecules of pyruvate Produces 4 ATP per glucose 2 ATP molecules are “used” up leaving us with a net

gain of 2 ATP molecules produced for the cell to use for energy.

Pyruvate enters the mitochondria and provides the materials needed for the Kreb’s cycle

GlucoseGlycolysis

Cytoplasm

Pyruvic acid

Electrons carried in NADH

Krebs Cycle

Electrons carried in NADH

and FADH2

Electron Transport

Chain

Mitochondrion

Mitochondrion

Fermentation Sometimes a cell can’t get the oxygen that it

needs to carry out aerobic respiration. It carries out fermentation to make energy

instead (ATP) Less EFFECTIVE, doesn’t make as much

ATP Location: Cytoplasm

Fermentation- ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION Isn’t a “clean burn” so nasty, or intoxicating,

waste products are left behind There are 2 types

Alcoholic Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation

- Produces ethanol (alcohol) as a waste product

- Used for producing beer, wine, and rising bread

-Produces lactic acid as a waste product

-Is part of the burn you feel in your muscles when you exercise.

Glucose Pyruvic acid

Lactic Acid Fermentation

• Notice that a total of 2 ATP molecules are made for each molecule of glucose during glycolysis

• Notice that NAD+ is “regenerated” to be used in glycolysis• This is a low energy yield process (only 2 ATP’s) but this can be enough

to sustain our cells when we can’t get enough oxygen

AEROBIC RESPIRATION Requires Oxygen More effective, make MUCH MORE ATP Is a “clean burn” – no nasty waste products

left behind Location: Mitochondria

AEROBIC RESPIRATION KNOW THE FORMULA!!!C6H12O6 + O2 H2O + CO2 + ATP GLUCOSE (FOOD) OXYGEN WATER CARBON DIOXIDE

Processes associated with it Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

Kreb’s Cycle (citric acid cycle) Breaks pyruvate down into CO2

Occurs in the mitochondria Produces 2 ATP per glucose Produces NADH & FADH2

FADH2 and NADH provide power for the ETC FADH2 and NADH are carrying chemical energy

The carbon dioxide produced here diffuses out of the mitochondria, out of the cell and into the bloodstream where it is carried to the lungs and diffuses into the air that we exhale.

Citric Acid Production

Electron Transport Chain FADH2 and NADH pass some of their

electrons onto the ETC ETC is like a game of hot potato, where electrons

from FADH2 and NADH are the potato, and proteins in the mitochondria are the people passing the potato. OXYGEN IS REQUIRED. The flow of electrons down the chain powers a special

protein, called “ATP synthase,” which synthesizes (makes) ATP

Produces 32 ATP per glucose! Total ATP production per glucose during aerobic

respiration = 36 ATP

Electron TransportHydrogen Ion Movement

ATP Production

ATP synthase

Channel

Matrix

Intermembrane Space

Inner Membrane

DRAW CELLULAR RESPIRATION DIAGRAM ON BOARD!!

MAKE SURE YOU CAN DRAW THIS ON QUIZ!!

Photosynthesis

Energy capture

Chloroplast

CO2 and H2O

C6H12O6 and O2

6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2

Cellular Respiration

Energy release

Mitochondria

C6H12O6 and O2

CO2 and H2O

6O2 + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6

H2O

Function

Location

Reactants

Products

Equation