Enel strategy for zero emission power generation Pietro Barbucci Enel Research Workshop “Energia da fonti rinnovabili – Ricerca cooperativa e prospettive.

Enel strategy for zero emission power

generation

Pietro Barbucci

Enel Research

Workshop “Energia da fonti rinnovabili – Ricerca cooperativa e

prospettive per l’Italia e l’Ungheria”

Budapest, 29th November 2007

2

Content

Achievements so far in the environmental field

Increasing the share of CO2 free power

R&D projects towards Zero Emission Power Generation

Solar Power

Geothermal Power

Zero emission coal generation

3

Enel group

4

Achievements so far

in the environmental field

5

Voluntary agreement signed with the Ministeries of Environment and Industry in 2000

Enel commitment to reduce CO2 emissions

Enel committed itself to reducing its specific emission to

510 g CO2/kWh by 2006

Enel committed itself to reducing its specific emission to

510 g CO2/kWh by 2006

68

56

2000 2005

Enel's total emission (Mton)

618

501 <500

1990 2005 2006

Enel specific emission trend gCO2/kWh

Target 510

6

Not only CO2

Enel’s achievements in pollutant reduction

Trend 2005 vs 2000:

SO2 - 64%

NOx - 33%

Dust - 70%

ESP / FF DeSOxDeNOx

Flue gas cleaning train

Enel has invested 4 billion Euro since the ’90s to improve Enel has invested 4 billion Euro since the ’90s to improve

environmental performance of thermal power plantsenvironmental performance of thermal power plantsEnel has invested 4 billion Euro since the ’90s to improve Enel has invested 4 billion Euro since the ’90s to improve

environmental performance of thermal power plantsenvironmental performance of thermal power plants

5,3

2,5

0,9

2,8

0,90,6

0,40,1 0,03

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

1990 2000 2005

g/k

Wh

SO2

NOx

Dust

7

Increasing the share of

CO2 free power

8

Enel’s renewable capacity

Canada 22 MWHydro, biomass

USA 380 MWHydro, wind

Guatemala 69 MW - Hydro

Costa Rica55 MW - Hydro, wind

Chile100 MW - Hydro

Italy 15,358 MW Hydro, geothermal, wind, solar

Spain900 MW

Hydro, wind, cogeneration

Slovakia 2.329 MW

Hydro

Brazil97 MW - HydroPanama

300 MW - Hydro

In the period 2007-2011 further 1.700 MW of renewable

capacity will be added with a total investment of 3.3 billion

Euros

Present capacity ~19.600 MW

9

Back to nuclear power

Nuclear units for a total of 1760

MWe in operation in Slovakia

Completion of units 3&4 of

Mochovce NPP (further 880 MWe)

started

EPR – MoU with EdF for the

participation to the Flamanville

project for the construction of an

EPR unit

Slovenske Elektrarne

Mochovce nuclear power station

10

Changing generation mix while reducing CO2 emissions

Increasing renewable share

Eliminating oil as a fuel

Using NG only in high

efficiency CCPP

Building new coal capacity

using best available

technologies

Enel Italian generation mix

24% 27% 30%

22%25%

50%9%

19%

20%

45%

29%

2002 2004 Target 2012

Oil and NG Steam Cycles

NG CC

Coal

Renewables

Year

11

Enel’s high efficiency NGCC

Porto Corsini

Pietrafitta

Priolo Gargallo

La Casella

Termini Imerese

La Spezia

Total capacity ~5.000 MW

12

In Italy Enel plans to built 5000 MWe clean

coal capacity, substituting existing oil fired or

NG fired steam cycles

Clean coal plant characteristics:

Closed coal management system

= 45%

extremely low emission levels

Torrevaldaliga Nord Power Plant 3 units, 2000 MWe

First unit in service: Autumn 2008

These assets need to be preserved in the

carbon constrained scenario CCS retrofit

technologies required

Clean Coal Technologies

13

R & D projects

towards

Zero Emission Power Generation

14

Growth in renewables 3,300 million Euros

Innovation project 800 million Euros

The areas The approach

Lighthouse projects

using BAT

Demo projects

using advanced technologies

t

Enel’s environment and innovation programmeLaunched September 2006

» Renewables

» Energy efficiency

distributed generation

» Towards “zero emissions”

& hydrogen

15

Enel’s environment and innovation programme

Renewable energy

Archimede project

Innovative PV project

Low-enthalpy geothermal power

Energy farm

Energy efficiency and distributed generation

Innovative tri-generation

Smart grid

Green islands

Towards “Zero Emission” and Hydrogen Platform

Innovative combustion

CO2 post-combustion capture

CO2 geological sequestration

Hydrogen Park

Hymix for road transport

16

The Archimede project

An innovative solar thermodynamic

plant

17

Archimede projectDemonstrating a hybrid high temperature solar technology

NG Combined cycle Solar thermodynamic plant

Air NG

Flue gas

Steam

Pump

To chimney

Condenser

Molten salts

Steam

Pump

540°C

540°C550°C 290°C

The integration sheme

18

The solar plant will be integrated

with Priolo NGCC

Virtual view

Demonstrating a hybrid high temperature solar technology

Archimede project

Project features:

Net power: 4,7 MWe

Net efficiency: 15,6%

Mirror field surface: 8 ha

Annual gross production: 9,7 GWh

19

Priolo Gargallo

The existing NGCC power plant

The site has been selected because:

» Combined Cycle Power Plant with steam

integrability chance

» High Global Insulation: 4,7÷4,8

kWh/(m2 day) (max Italian value)

» Constant and predictable climate

» Not windy

» Space available for solar field (100ha)

» Flat site with 360° free horizon

» Good auxiliary structures

1350

1750

kWh/m2

Global insolation in Sicily Priolo Gargallo site

Site selection

Archimede project

20

Innovative PV project

2121

Meteo station

Solar simulator

Climatic chambers

Prototype1

Prototype 2

Catania PV laboratories

22

Concentrated photovoltaic system based on triple-junction cells (Sol3g)

Catania PV laboratories

Net power 4 kWp

System efficiency 26%

Number of modules 112

Active surface 16 m2

Dimensions 5x4.8 m

Weight 800 kg

Angular precision 0.5 degree

Wind resistence 140 km/h

23

Adrano PV demonstration site

150kW Si-based concentrating technology

420kW Multi-junction concentrating technology

300 kW Flat modules on tracking system

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Innovating geothermal

generation

25

The project

Current situation

Conventional organic binary cycle with 1 or 2 pressure levels

Realization of 0.5MW binary cycle demo plant

Optimization of cycle configuration in order to achieve high flexibility

Identification of optimal working fluid

Realization of hybrid demo-plant (geothermal+solar)

Identification of a hybrid cycle able to optimize efficiency and power production of low-enthalpy plants

Secon

d law

effi

cie

ncy

25%

50%

Time1 year 2-3 years

Low enthalpy geothermal project

26

Low enthalpy – Binary plants

For water dominant resources

with temperature lower than

180°C, the binary cycle

technology is the most efficient

The geofluid energy is

transferred through a heat

exchanger to a secondary fluid

that works in a closed ORC

cycle

The binary power plants have

the least environmental impact

due to the “confinement” of the

geofluid

Condenser

Turbine

Generator

Pump

Injection well

Injection pump

Production well

Geothermal reservoir

27

Binary plants

Applications for high enthalpy resources

Bottom-cycle: exploitation of

the brine’s thermal energy

exiting the flash vessel

Exploitation of the heat of

the condensing vapor

exiting the atmospheric

turbine

Combination of the two

solutions as depicted in the

figure

Heat-Recovery secondary

cycles:

28

Sesta experimental station

Binary cycle demo plant

Gas turbine combustor test facility

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Zero emission coal generation

Demonstrating carbon capture and

sequestration technologies

30

Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS)Why

Enel shares the views expressed by the European Institutions and the Zero

Emission Fossil Fuels Power Plants Technology Platform that:

Fossil fuels will continue to have a primary role for electricity generation in the

decades to come

Contribution of coal is essential for the security of supply

Only the implementation of CCS technologies will allow to make the continued

use of fossil fuels compatible with the objectives to reduce the GHG emissions

in the atmosphere

Enel needs to preserve its current investments in clean coal capacity

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Post-combustion capture

Pre-combustion capture

Fuel

AirBoiler CO2 separation

N2, O2, H2O

CO2

separation

CO2 treatment and compression

H2

Air

GT

CO2

CO2

Oxy-combustion

CO2, (H2O)

Transport to

storage site

(CO2, H2O) recirculation

N2, O2, H2O

Flue gas

O2

Gasification +

gas shift

H2, CO2

O2

Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS)How

BoilerFuel

Fuel

32

This is why Enel has decided to take the lead in the development of

CCS technologies by:

Promoting two demo projects in the areas of post-combustion post-combustion

capturecapture and oxy-combustionoxy-combustion technologies

Developing knowledge and looking for cooperation in the area of pre-

combustion technology

Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS)What

33

Content of the presentation

» Enel CCS1

Post-combustion capture and storage demo project

» Enel CCS2

Oxy-coal combustion project

» Power from Hydrogen & Zero Emission IGCC

34

Post-combustion capture

and storage demo project

Enel CCS1

35


Project goal

To retrofit one large size

coal fired unit with CO2

capture equipment and

start CO2 underground

storage by 2012

Enel CCS1Enel CCS1

36

Time schedule

Design - construction

Design - construction Operation

Operation


Enel CCS1Enel CCS1

37Enel CCS1Enel CCS1

Phase 2 –CO2 capture pilot plant

Brindisi coal fired power plant

4 units x 660 MWe

Site of CO2

capture pilot plant

38

Raw gas Process main streams

Gas flow rate (wet) 10.000 Nm3/h

CO2 removed 2,25 t/h

MEA solution flow rate (20%,w)

50 t/h

Low pressure steam 6,5 t/h

Cooling water 700-800 t/h

Temperature 50 °C (max)

SO2 < 30 mg/Nm3

NO2 < 40 mg/Nm3

SO3 < 1 ppmv

Particulate < 2 mg/Nm3


Plant specifications

Enel CCS1Enel CCS1

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Plant lay-out

Project milestones

Specification completed Jun 07

Deadline for bids Oct 07

Contract award Dec 07

Start site works Mar 08

Plant completion Dec 08


Enel CCS1Enel CCS1

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Italy has theoretically a

significant potential for CO2

geological storage into deep

saline aquifers

Studies are in progress to

evaluate in detail the storage

potential in areas A, B and C

that are the areas surrounding

possible sites for the post-

combustion capture demo.

Studies are carried out by

INGV, OGS and other Italian

geological Institutes

Phase 3 – Selection of the geological storage site

Enel CCS1Enel CCS1

A

B

C

41

MATILDE 1 well

Geological Profile

Enel CCS1Enel CCS1

Phase 3 – Selection of the geological storage siteStudy of Alto Lazio site (area A)


Phase 3 – Selection of the geological storage siteStudy of the South-East Site (area B)

43

Demo main features

Phase 5 – Post-combustion demo plant

Type of Project Retrofit

Power generation 660 MWe

Primary fuel Bituminous coal

Power Generation Tech SC PCC

% of flue gas treated 30-50 %

CO2 Capture Tech Post Combustion Capture with Amine

Stored CO2 1-1,5 Mt/y

CO2 Capture rate 85%

CO2 Storage solution Deep saline aquifer

Storage location To be decided

CO2 value chain Pure storage

Enel CCS1Enel CCS1

Enel will candidate this project for

the “European Flagship Programme”

44

Enel CCS2


45


Project goal

To build by 2012 a small

(35-70 MWe) zero emission

coal fired power plant based

on a pressurized oxy-

combustion technology

already proved at pilot scale

Enel CCS2Enel CCS2

46

Time schedule



Operation

Operation


Enel CCS2Enel CCS2Decision point


Oxy-coal combustion projectPhase 1 and 2

Preliminary design of Preliminary design of

full scale combustor full scale combustor

demodemo

Investment Investment

decision for Phase decision for Phase

33

November 2007November 2007

Good results so far

Positive decision expected

Tests using coal on Tests using coal on

the 5 MWth the 5 MWth

Isotherm pilot plant.Isotherm pilot plant.

ITEA facility in Gioia del Colle

Modelling for combustor scale-up

48


Phase 3 - Full scale combustor demo

Technical dataMilestones

Combustor power 48 MWt

Process pressure 10 bar

Fuel coal slurry

Boiler pressurized, new design

Oxygen cryogenic storage/VSA

Oxygen mass flow rate 400 t/d @ 90% purity

Steam generation 55 t/h @ 240 bar - 600°C

Yearly operating hours 3000 h

Invest decision Nov 07

Detailed Eng May 08

Permitting compl Jun 08

Ground breaking Sep 08

Commissioning Dec 09

Enel CCS2Enel CCS2

49

ISOTHERMReactor Pressurized

Boiler

Flue gas treatment

A.S.U.

Oxygen Storage

Blower

C.W.F.Preparation

Plant

Oil

Coal AshesTanks

C.W.F.

Control Room


Phase 3 – Full scale combustor demo

Enel CCS2Enel CCS2



Phase 3 – Full scale combustor demo

Brindisi coal fired power plant

4 units x 660 MWe

Site of full scale combustor

demo

51

Power from Hydrogen

&

Zero Emission IGCC

52

Power from Hydrogen

The Fusina hydrogen power plant

Petrochemical area

Fusina power plant

H2 piping

GT order Mar 07

Combustor tests Sep 07

Start site works Dec 07

Plant completion Dec 09

A 12 MWe combined cycle fed by hydrogen produced by petrochemical

industries

Project milestones

53

Enel GEM - AT Ricerca

Test Rig

Internal view of the GT GE10 STD combustion chamber

Power from Hydrogen


GT combustor tests at Sesta facility

54

Enel GEM - AT Ricerca

Power from Hydrogen


0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0

Steam/Fuel "NG" [kg/kg]

NO

x[p

pm

@15

%O

2]

HYDROGEN

NATURAL GAS

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0

Steam/Fuel "NG" [kg/kg]

NO

x[p

pm

@15

%O

2]

HYDROGEN

NATURAL GAS

NOx emissions with steam injection

Results from the first combustor test

55

Enel initiatives

Enel is partner of:

DYNAMIS, a project funded under the 6th FP, for a pre-

engineering study of the European ZEIGCC

DECARBit, a proposal to the 7th FP currently under negotiation,

focused on high-potential, cost-efficient advanced capture

techniques in pre-combustion schemes

Enel is looking for cooperation opportunities in demonstrating Zero

Emission IGCC technology

Zero Emission IGCC

56

Thank you

for your kind attention

Enel strategy for zero emission power generation Pietro Barbucci Enel Research Workshop “Energia da fonti rinnovabili – Ricerca cooperativa e prospettive.

Documents

net power

nuclear power nuclear

combined cycle power

specific emission

mwe clean coal capacity

co2 emissionsenel

mwenet efficiency

eurospresent capacity