Ending child poverty everybodys business Measuring and assessing child poverty at a local level A demonstration of the data available.

‘Ending child poverty everybody’s business’

Measuring and assessing child poverty at a local level

A demonstration of the data available


Overview of the presentation

• The national picture – a summary• Measurement at a local level – NI 116• Understanding the complete picture – the basket of indicators


The national picture – a summary

Relative poverty: 2.8 million children, a decrease of 100,000 since 2007/08Absolute poverty: 1.6 million children, a decrease of 100,000 since 2007/08Low income and material deprivation: 2.2 million children, no change since 2007/08

2.8Relative Poverty

1.6

Absolute Poverty 2.2

Low Income and Material Deprivation

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

1998/99 2000/01 2002/03 2004/05 2006/07 2008/09

Nu

mb

er o

f ch

ildre

n (

mill

ion

)

2.8Relative Poverty

1.6

Absolute Poverty 2.2

Low Income and Material Deprivation

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

1998/99 2000/01 2002/03 2004/05 2006/07 2008/09

Nu

mb

er o

f ch

ildre

n (

mill

ion

)


The national picture – Certain groups have a greater risk of relative poverty

Source: Households Below Average Income 2008/09*Figures for ethnic groups are three year averages

58%

34%34%

29%

59%

31%

34%

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Lone parent: Three or more children

Workless households

Disabled adult, nodisabled child

Disabled adult anddisabled child

Black & Black British Pakistani/Bangladeshi

Pe

rce

nta

ge

of

child

ren

in r

ela

tiv

e p

ove

rty

Disability Minority ethnic

22% of all children live in relative poverty

0.3

mill

ion

0.2

mill

ion

0.2

mill

ion

0.4

mill

ion

1.1

mill

ion

1.1

mill

ion

1.1

mill

ion


The national picture – Comparing out of work and in-work relative poverty

• Children in out of work families are more likely to be in relative poverty than those where at least one parent is in work. • About half of children in relative poverty are in families where at least one parent works.

Source: Households Below Average Income 2008/09*Figures may not sum due to rounding

200,000 (9%)

1,300,000 (46%)

800,000 (29%)400,000 (16%)

64%

54%

16%

Couples Lone Parents

In work

Out of work

% of all children in this family type who live in

relative poverty

Number and proportion of children in this family type who live in relative poverty

14%


Measurement at a local level – NI116

• How is NI 116 now defined and what does the headline indicator tell us?

• What other breakdowns are available?

• What are the limitations of NI 116?

• When will the next update be published?


Definition for NI 116

Revised indicator (Current NI 116)• Proportion of children living in families in receipt of out of work (means-

tested) benefits or in receipt of tax credits where their reported income is less than 60% of median income.

• Means-tested out of work benefits include: Income support, Income-Based Jobseekers Allowance

• Income is equivalised • http://www.hmrc.gov.uk/stats/personal-tax-credits/child_poverty.htm

Previous indicator• Proportion of children living in families in receipt of out of work benefits.

• Out of work benefits include: Income Support, Jobseekers Allowance, Incapacity Benefit/Severe Disablement Allowance, Pension Credit

• Used in the LAA’s where targets were agreed for reward purposes only.

http://www.hmrc.gov.uk/stats/personal-tax-credits/child_poverty.htm


We can use NI 116 to explore the variation between authorities

• NI 116 allows us to see the variation that exists between Local Authorities. • The least deprived authorities have NI 116 rates of around 10%. The most

deprived have rates of over 40%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

Local authorities sorted by value of NI 116

NI1

16 2

007

Source: NI 116 2007, excludes Isles of Scilly


It can also show variation within authorities

• By looking at data at ward or LSOA we can see the variation within authorities.

• It shows that even authorities with low levels of deprivation overall can have pockets where deprivation is above the national average

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

Local authorities sorted by value of NI 116

NI1

16 2

007

Source: NI 116 2007, excludes Isles of Scilly. Vertical bars show the min and max ward


Variation within the East of England

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

East of England Local Authorities

NI

11

6,

20

07


Breakdowns of NI 116 that are available

• Geographical breakdowns available: GOR, LA (Upper and Lower Tier),

Parliamentary Constituency, Ward, LSOA

Additional breakdowns:

• Whether claiming tax credits or IS/JSA

• Lone parent/ couple family

• Number of children

• Age of child


Making links with other data sources when certain breakdowns of NI 116 aren’t available

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

Wards with popln>10% Asian or Asian

British: Indian

Wards with popln>10% Asian or Asian

British: Pakistani/Bangladeshi

Wards with popln>10% Black or BlackBritish: Caribbean

Wards with popln>10% Black or Black

British: African

Wards with popln>90% White

All Wards

Census 2001 data on Ethnic Group

NI

11

6,

20

07

• Wards with a population containing more than 10% of certain minority ethnic groups are more likely to have higher NI 116 rates


Therefore NI 116 answers some fundamental questions

• What is the level of child poverty in my local area?

• How does that compare to other areas, where do we fit in nationally?

• Is deprivation uniform across the authority or are there pockets of

deprivation?


But we recognise it’s not a perfect measure

Issues:

• Incomplete income information for the IS/JSA claimants, so can’t apply the 60% median income threshold

• Tax Credits are assessed on taxable income, which doesn’t include non-taxable benefits administered by local authorities such as Housing Benefit and Council Tax Benefit

• Not everyone takes up the tax credits they are entitled to


Other sources used to complement NI 116

• Many LAs use IDACI:

– this uses same source data as NI 116

– only produced every few years

– IDACI 2007 uses 2005 data

• Children in families dependent on out of work benefits.

• Housing Benefit data


When will the indicator be updated?

• We expect the August 2008 data to be available by late Summer- dependent

on HMRC.

• HMRC cannot produce the NI 116 data until they have published the 2008

LSOA Tax Credits finalised awards data.


Understanding the complete picture – the basket of indicators

• Background

• What is in the basket?

• Exploring the data


The basket of indicators - background

• Local authorities and their partners have a vital role in delivering the

services that will contribute to ending child poverty.

• As providers and commissioners of services they also have a major part to

play in narrowing the gaps in outcomes between children from low income

families and their peers, and breaking inter-generational cycles of

deprivation. Through driving regional economic performance and

sustainable growth they also create prosperity and employment.


What is in the basket of indicators?

Crime, drug & alcohol

use.

J ob availability

Teenage pregnancyFinancial

Inclusion

Access to services and

facilitiesHealth

ChildcareTransportAdult Skills

Child Poverty

Financial Support

(tax credits, benefits &

child maintenance)

Costs(eg. housing,

utilities)

Education

Children’s outcomes

Factors that directly influence families’ abilities to enter and sustain well paid employment in the short and longer term.

Factors that indirectly influence families’ abilities to enter and sustain well paid employment and escape poverty now and in the future

Relationship breakdown

Parental employment & earnings

Factors that directly influence families’resources and incomes today

The child poverty pyramid represents our understanding of the factors that impact on Child Poverty.


The basket of indicators - background

• The basket of indicators (taken from the current National Indicator Set)

takes those indicators which most closely reflect the drivers of child

poverty that can be influenced by the local authority and its partners.

• By exploring the basket of indicators local authorities will be better able to

- Explore the links between other areas of responsibility and child poverty

- Understand the drivers for child poverty in their areas

- Think about how they can drive reductions in child poverty in their areas

- Target and prioritise resources and services



We consider the indicators under the building block themes

Child Poverty

Financial Support

Parental Employment and

SkillsLife Chances Place




Child Poverty

Financial Support



NI 153 Working age people claiming out of work benefits in the worst performing neighbourhoods.

NI 181 Time taken to process Housing Benefit/Council Tax Benefit new claims and change events




Child Poverty

Financial Support



NI 151 Overall Employment rate (working-age)

NI 146 Adults with learning disabilities in employment

NI 150 Adults receiving secondary mental health services in employment

NI 161 Number of Level 1 qualifications in literacy achieved

NI 162 Number of Entry Level qualifications in numeracy achieved

NI 163 Proportion of population aged 19-64 for males and 19-59 for females qualified to at least Level 2 or higher.

NI 166 Median earnings of employees in the area

NI 118 Take up of formal childcare by low-income working families.




Child Poverty

Financial Support



NI 92 Narrowing the gap between the lowest achieving 20% in the Early Years Foundation Stage Profile and the rest

NI 102 - Achievement gap between pupils eligible for free school meals and their peers achieving the expected level at Key Stages 2 and 4

NI 82 Inequality gap in the achievement of a Level 2 qualification by the age of 19.

NI 106 Young people from low income backgrounds progressing to higher education

NI 117 16 to 18 year olds who are not in education, training or employment (NEET).

NI 101 Looked after children achieving 5 A*-C GCSEs (or equivalent) at Key Stage 4 (including E&M)

NI 105 The Special Educational Needs (SEN)/non-SEN gap – achieving 5 A*- C GCSE including English and Maths

NI 108 - Key Stage 4 attainment for Black and minority ethnic groups

NI 78 Reduction in number of schools where fewer than 30% of pupils achieve 5 or more A*- C grades at GCSE and equivalent including GCSEs in English and Maths

NI 76 Reduction in number of schools where fewer than 55% of pupils achieve level 4 or above in both English and Maths at KS2

NI 112 Under 18 conception rate




Child Poverty

Financial Support



NI 156 Number of households living in temporary accommodation

NI 158 % non-decent council homes

NI 172 Percentage of small businesses in an area showing employment growth

NI 176 Working age people with access to employment by public transport (and other specified modes)

NI 187 Tackling fuel poverty - % of people receiving income based benefits living in homes with a low or high energy efficiency rating




Child Poverty

Financial Support



In some cases the indicators will cut across two or more of the building blocks


Exploring the data: simple analysis for one authority

34

24

29

55

21

7

6

47

-14

39

24

30

56

21

9

16

44

-4

-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

NI 092

NI 102 - KS2

NI 102 - KS4

NI 082

NI 106 Gap

NI 117

NI 101

NI 105

NI 112

Life Chances Parental Employment and Skills

2

72

65

6

69

73

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

NI 118

NI 163

NI 151

£470£479

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

NI 166

Place

9

51

17

85

2

7

23

14

82

9

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

NI 146

NI 158

NI 172

NI 176

NI 187

Financial Support

31

14

29

15

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

NI 153

NI 181

Median

Authority

34

24

29

55

21

7

6

47

-14

39

24

30

56

21

9

16

44

-4

-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

NI 092

NI 102 - KS2

NI 102 - KS4

NI 082

NI 106 Gap

NI 117

NI 101

NI 105

NI 112


2

72

65

6

69

73

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

NI 118

NI 163

NI 151

£470£479

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

NI 166

Place

9

51

17

85

2

7

23

14

82

9

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

NI 146

NI 158

NI 172

NI 176

NI 187

Financial Support

31

14

29

15

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

NI 153

NI 181

Median

Authority


Exploring the data: delving deeper

We see here that the proportion of adults with level 2 qualifications (NI 163) is above average but the employment rate (NI 151) is below average. Is this unusual?


Exploring the data: delving deeper

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

% of working age adults with Level 2 qualification

Ov

era

ll e

mp

loym

ent

rate

Given the level of qualifications you might expect employment to be higher.

Qualifications are just one driver though, can other links can be made?


There are also links between building blocks

Child Poverty

Financial Support



NI 151 Overall employment rate

NI 176 Access to public transport

NI 172Growth in small businesses


Could also consider comparisons with statistical neighbours or other benchmark groups

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Em

plo

ymen

t ra

te (

NI

151)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Ad

ult

Ski

lls

(NI

163)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Sm

all

bu

sin

ess

gro

wth

(N

I 17

2)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Pu

bli

c tr

ansp

ort

(N

I 17

6)


Exploring the data: what else could we look at?

• Is the position changing, what does the longer time series tell us?

• If there have been changes are they for the better or for the worse? Can

anything be identified as driving those changes? Do we know of any

changes that have happened since the last measurement point?

• Do we see any variation within the local authority? Are all areas moving in

the same direction?

• How can we use data held locally and local intelligence to supplement

some of this analysis?

34

24

29

55

21

7

6

47

-14

39

24

30

56

21

9

16

44

-4

-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

NI 092

NI 102 - KS2

NI 102 - KS4

NI 082

NI 106 Gap

NI 117

NI 101

NI 105

NI 112


2

72

65

6

69

73

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

NI 118

NI 163

NI 151

£470£479

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

NI 166

Place

9

51

17

85

2

7

23

14

82

9

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

NI 146

NI 158

NI 172

NI 176

NI 187

Financial Support

31

14

29

15

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

NI 153

NI 181

Median

Authority


Exploring the data: delving deeper, using other data

The attainment gap at KS4 is in line with the national average. But LAs can explore this at school level.


Exploring the data: delving deeper, using other data

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

%5+A*-C including English and maths for non-FSM pupils

%5+

A*-

C in

clu

din

g E

ng

lish

an

d m

ath

s fo

r F

SM

pu

pils

In this authority the gap is small. The issue for some schools is low attainment more generally


Exploring the data: linking back to child poverty

When we examine any combination of these factors we should think about how

changing them can impact on child poverty. Remember the pyramid, some

factors directly impact now, others indirectly in the future

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

NI 151 Overall Employment Rate

NI 1

16 C

hild

ren

in 'p

ove

rty'

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

NI 82 Proportion of FSM children gaining level 2 qualifications by age 19

NI 1

16 C

hild

ren

in 'p

ove

rty'


Exploring the data: linking to other analysis

We can also draw on analysis done for other

purposes, for example the Community Health

Profiles.

There are links between some of the indicators

used here and issues that we would consider to

be related to child poverty.


Exploring the data: summary of approach

Child Poverty Needs

Assessment

Measure of child poverty

(NI 116)

Basket of indicators

Position in nationaldistribution

Variation at a local level

Indicators withinbuilding blocks

Relationship between indicators

Trends in indicators

Other local dataOther local

assessments


In summary

• We’ve looked at that national picture, what’s happened to child poverty over

recent years and how this has varied by some of our key groups.

• We then examined NI 116, how we’ve reached the indicator that we’ve got

and how we can go beyond the headline results.

• And finally we had a look at the basket of indicators, and used them to start

to develop ideas for building up a comprehensive local picture.


Questions and discussion

Ending child poverty everybodys business Measuring and assessing child poverty at a local level A demonstration of the data available.

Documents

level of child poverty

relative poverty children

absolute poverty

relative poverty number

summary relative poverty

authorities ni

data available slide

data children