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Endemic Genotypes of Candida albicans Causing Fungemia 1
Are Frequent in the Hospital 2
3
Pilar Escribano 1, 2, 3 4
Marta Rodríguez-Créixems 1, 2, 3 5
Carlos Sánchez-Carrillo 1, 2, 3 6
Patricia Muñoz 1, 2, 3, 4 7
Emilio Bouza 1, 2, 3, 4 8
Jesús Guinea* 1, 2, 3, 4 9
10 1Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General 11
Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain 12 2Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain 13 3CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBER RES CD06/06/0058), Palma de 14
Mallorca, Spain 15 4Microbiology Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 16
Table 1. Genetic diversity in the C. albicans isolates studied. 304
305 306
STR* Number of different alleles
Frequency of null alleles
Observed heterozygosity
Expected heterozygosity
Wright’s index
Probability of identity
CAI 36 0.082 0.75 0.91 0.17 0.012
CAIII 8 0.008 0.65 0.67 0.02 0.139
CAVI 36 0.113 0.65 0.86 0.24 0.028
CDC3 8 -0.067 0.77 0.66 -0.16 0.164
HIS3 33 0.149 0.57 0.85 0.32 0.035
EF3 20 0.143 0.59 0.85 0.31 0.035
Mean 23.5 0.071 0.67 0.80 0.15 0.07
307
*Short tandem repeat. Allele frequencies of the 6 loci differed significantly (p < 0.001) from those expected 308 in a population in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. 309 Frequency of null alleles < 0.07 was considered nonsignificant. 310 Observed and expected heterozygosity range from 0 (no heterozygosity) to 1 (highest heterozygosity). 311 Wright’s index indicates deficiency of heterozygosity (positive values) or excess heterozygosity (negative 312 values). 313 Probability of identity values near zero indicates the highest discriminative power of the STR. 314 315 316
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Unique genotypesGenotypes infecting patients located in the same wardGenotypes infecting patients located in the same wardGenotypes infecting patients who were admitted to different units at the time of the diagnosis and who had previously shared a ward of admission.
Genotypes infecting patients who had never been admitted to the same unit.