中华人民共和国濒危物种科学委员会 中 国 科 学 院 动 物 研 究 所 濒 危 物 种 科 学 通 讯 Endangered Species Scientific Newsletter 2005 年第 1 期 (No.1) (总第 14 期) 编辑:中华人民共和国濒危物种科学委员会办公室 (濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约中国科学机构) Edited by the Executive Office of Endangered Species Scientific Commission, P.R.C., (Chinese Scientific Authority of CITES) January, 2005 二00五年一月
23
Embed
Endangered Species Scientific Newsletter13% of wetland bird species are declining significantly 23% of bird species in urban areas are declining significantly According to the report
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Endangered Species Scientific Newsletter Sponsors: Endangered Species Scientific Commission, P.R.C. Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Edited by the Executive Office of Endangered Species Scientific Commission, P.R.C. Members of Endangered Species Scientific Commission, P.R.C. Advisor: Zhengyi Wu, Song Wang, Fengqin Tong Director: Yiyu Chen Vice Director:Zhigang Jiang, Le Kang, Yanhua Liu, Jianji An, Deyuan Hong,
CITES News The 167th Party: the Independent state of Samoa 1 Nearly one-third of species threatened with extinction 1 More of Europe’s birds in trouble 2
Almost a third of US birds “declining significantly” 2 Global extinction crisis escalates 3 Information Appendices of CITES was emended China was elected to be the Asian Commissary of CITES
5 10
Species Review The Chinese Cymbidiums’ resources 16 The Groundpecker (pseudopodoces humilis) is revised as the Ground tit 19 Scientific Article Subjects 21-22
The 167th Party: the Independent State of Samoa The Depositary Government of the Convention (the Government of the Swiss Confederation) has informed the Secretariat that the Independent State of Samoa deposited its instrument of accession on 9 November 2004. The Convention will enter into force for Samoa on 7 February 2005. Samoa is situated in the South Pacific Ocean. (www.cites.org)
南太平洋岛国萨摩亚独立国将于 2005 年 2 月 7 日正式加入 CITES 公约,成
为公约的第 167 位成员国。
Nearly one-third of species threatened with extinction
The world’s amphibian species are under unprecedented assault and are experiencing tens of thousands of years worth of extinctions in just a century, according to the most comprehensive study ever conducted. More than 500 scientists from over 60 nations contributed to the Global Amphibian Assessment, the key findings of which were published on-line by Science Express this afternoon, and will
appear within the next few weeks in the journal Science. Over the past three years, scientists analyzed the distribution and conservation status of all 5,743 known amphibian species – which include frogs and toads, salamanders, and caecilians. Of these, 1,856 – or 32 percent – are now considered threatened with extinction. In addition, sufficient data are lacking to accurately assess the status of nearly 1,300 other species, most of which scientists believe are also threatened. (http://sciencenow.sciencemag.org)
More of Europe’s birds in trouble The number of bird species in trouble across Europe is rising. The latest assessment, published in BirdLife’s new in-depth study, Birds in Europe, reveals that 226 species of birds – 43 per cent of all those occurring regularly in Europe – are facing an uncertain future. Some are now so threatened that they may disappear from parts of Europe in the very near future. In the ten years since the publication of BirdLife’s original European study, 45 bird species have declined in numbers and now have an unfavourable conservation status. (www.birdlife.org)
Almost a third of US birds "declining significantly" Around 30% of North America's bird species are declining significantly according to a new report from The National Audubon Society (BirdLife in the US). State of the Birds USA 2004 paints a disturbing picture of the region's bird life: 70% of grassland species are in statistically significant declines 36% of shrubland bird species are declining
significantly 25% of forest bird species are declining significantly 13% of wetland bird species are declining significantly 23% of bird species in urban areas are declining significantly According to the report these declines are abnormal. Not part of the natural cyclical rise and fall in bird populations, statistically significant declines are due to outside factors such as loss of native grasslands, overgrazing of grassland and shrubland, development of wetlands, bad forest management, invasive species, pollution, and poor land use decisions. (www.birdlife.org)
Global extinction crisis escalates More than 15,000 species of plants and animals are facing global extinction. The Global Species Assessment (GSA) is the most comprehensive evaluation ever undertaken of the status of the world’s biodiversity. It shows trends in biodiversity since the last major analysis in 2000 and also highlights which species are at greatest risk of extinction, where they occur, and the many threats facing them. The GSA is produced by the Red List Consortium, an alliance of six conservation organsiations including BirdLife International. In 1996 it was revealed that one in eight birds (12%) and one in four mammals (23%) were threatened with extinction (falling into the Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable categories). The new figures show that one in three amphibians (32%) and more than two fifths (42%) of turtles and tortoises are globally threatened. The catastrophic decline of amphibians is a worrying indicator of the state of the planet’s freshwater resources. The vast saltwater ocean depths are also under pressure – providing little refuge to many over-exploited marine species. Nearly one in five (18%) of assessed sharks and rays are threatened with extinction. Many plants have also been assessed, but only conifers (25%) and cycads (52%) have been completely evaluated. Humans, either directly or indirectly, are the main reason for most declines. Habitat destruction and degradation are the leading threats but other significant pressures include introduced species, pollution, disease and over-exploitation for food, the pet trade, and medicine. Climate change is also increasingly being recognised as a serious threat. (www.birdlife.org)
c) 根据 CITES 第一条(b)款(iii)项的规定,列入附录 II 或附录 III的某一植物种或某一较高级植物分类单元名称旁出现的符号“#”并
随之出现的数码,系指根据 CITES 的规定对植物的部分或衍生物作
如下特别注释:
#9 系指相应植物的所有部分和衍生物,但附有“Produced from Hoodia spp. material obtained through controlled harvesting and production in collaboration with the CITES Management Authorities of Botswana/Namibia/South Africa under agreement no.BW/NA/ZA xxxxxx)”字样标签的除外;
#10 系指相应植物的所有部分和衍生物,但下列者除外:
a) 种子和花粉;以及
b) 医药制成品。
3. CITES 第十三届缔约国大会决定对下列物种标本在附录 I、II 中的列入
(包括列入附录 I 或 II、从附录 I 或 II 中删除、从附录 I 转移到附录 II、从附录 II 转移到附录 I)作出调整,并对其中部分物种标本的列入附加
国传统的观赏植物,包括春兰 Cymbidium goeringii (Rchb. f.) Rchb. f.、蕙兰 C. faberi Rolfe、建兰 C. ensifolium (L.) Sw.、墨兰 C. sinense (Jacks. ex Andr.) Willd.、寒兰 C. kanran Makino、莲瓣兰 C. tortisepalum Fuk.和春剑 C. tortisepalum var. longibracteatum (Y. S. Wu & S. C. Chen) S. C. Chen & Z. J. Liu等6 种和1变种。广泛分布于我国长江流域以南地区。
THE GROUNDPECKER (PSEUDOPODOCES HUMILIS) IS REVISED AS THE GROUND TIT
Abstract The Groundpecker (Pseudopodoces humilis) is endemic species of the endemic genus to China. It had been considered as corvid for centuries. It is now revised by James et al. (2000, 2003) and put in Family Paridae. It’s English name should be changed as the Ground Tit.
扬子鳄 Alligator sinensis Fauvel 英名 Chinese Alligator or Yangtzi Alligator 分类地位:爬行纲 Reptilia 鳄目 Crocodylia 鼍科 Alligatoridae 濒危等级:濒危(E) 国家重点保护野生动物名录 I CITES 附录 I IUCN 极危
扬子鳄成体全长可达 2米左右,尾长与身长相近。头扁,吻长,外鼻孔位于
吻端,具活瓣。身体外被革质甲片,腹甲较软;甲片近长方形,排列整齐;有
两列甲片突起形成两条嵴纵贯全身。四肢短粗,趾间具蹼,趾端有爪。身体背
面为灰褐色,腹部前面为灰色,自肛门向后灰黄相间。尾侧扁。初生小鳄为黑
色,带黄色横纹。
在气候温暖湿润、草木生长旺盛的江湖和水塘边掘穴而栖,性情凶猛,以
各种兽类、鸟类、爬行类、两栖类和甲壳类为食。6月份交配,7~8月份产卵,
每窝可产卵 20 枚以上。卵产于草丛中,上覆杂草,母鳄则守护在一旁,靠自然
温度孵化,孵化期约为 60 天。具冬眠习性。
产于安徽、浙江和江苏的交界处。扬子鳄是我国特有的孑遗物种,它在生
理上具有许多残遗特征,分布上的不连续性也说明了这一点。
由于人口的增长对其栖息环境的破坏,食物的匮乏,气候的变化以及乱捕
滥猎造成野生扬子鳄种群濒危。我国自 1976 年起开始扬子鳄的人工繁育工作,
并建立了扬子鳄保护区和扬子鳄繁殖研究中心。目前扬子鳄的人工繁育种群已
经得到大规模发展,但是野外种群仍面临灭绝的威胁,最新调查表明,现存数量
约不超过 150 条。
Habitat and habit: Yangtzi alligator’s habitat is closely related with the lakes, ponds and ditches, which is made up of a very complicated river network. In the area is warm and humid with the eugonic grasses and trees. Distribution: Endemic to China. Where formerly widespread in middle and lower Yangtzi River and its tributary; The present habitat of the species is mainly located in some villages of the border of Anhui, Zhejiang and Jiangsu Province. Population: Less than 150 individuals in wild, and over 5000 in captivity have recorded recently. Threats to Survival: Due to human exploitation, habitat destruction and fragments, food resources shortage, and illegal hunting and trade have endangered the alligators survival. Captive breeding: A relatively consummate captive system has been established in China and about 5000 individuals in captive.
中国扬子鳄的分布 DISTRIBUTION OF
YANGTZI ALLIGATOR
IN CHINA
黑龙江
吉林
辽宁
广东
浙江
福建
海南
台湾
广西
湖南
贵州
江西
云南
四川 湖北 安徽
河南 江苏
山东
河北
陕西
山西
内蒙古 北京
香港
上海
天津
西藏
新疆
青海
甘肃
宁夏
重庆
编 辑 部: 国家濒科委办公室
地 址: 北京海淀区北四环西路 25 号 100080
电话/传真:010-62564680
电子邮件: [email protected] 网 页: www.cites.org.cn Editor: the Executive Office of Endangered Species Scientific
Commission, P.R.C., Address: 25 Beisihuan xilu, Beijing, China 100080 Tel / Fax: ++86-10-62564680 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.cites.org.cn