End-to-End Services Kentaro Toyama, PhD Assistant Managing Director Microsoft Research India 4 th Convention of the National Alliance for Mission 2007.

End-to-End Services

Kentaro Toyama, PhDAssistant Managing Director

Microsoft Research India

4th Convention of the National Alliance for Mission 2007New Delhi – August 2, 2007

Microsoft Research India• Established January, 2005

• Goals– World-class academic research– Contributions to Microsoft products

and businesses– Support growth of research programs

in India and elsewhere

• Six research areas– Cryptography, Security, and

Algorithms– Digital Geographics– Mobility, Networks, and Systems– Multilingual Systems– Rigorous Software Engineering– Technology for Emerging Markets

• Collaborations with government, academia, industry, and NGOs

Microsoft Research IndiaSadashivnagar, Bangalore

http://research.microsoft.com/india

http://research.microsoft.com/india

Kiosk ResearchRural kiosks and telecentres:

• Ethnographic studies– 200+ site visits in India and Africa, over

2.5 years – ~550 hours of in-depth interviews, both

open-ended and structured • Interviews with kiosk agencies

– 20+ organizations– Small NGOs, start-up firms, MNCs,

state governments, academics• Kiosk surveys

– 300 kiosks, 2 years, once per quarter, 5 customers, 1 operator per kiosk, n-Logue and Drishtee [w/Kiri et al.]

– 1250 people, single survey, Kerala [w/Pal et al.]

• Results from software logging tool– 13 kiosks in Maharashtra

• Discussions with third-party observers• Literature in journals, books, web sites,

whitepapers

What does End-to-End mean?

knowledgesource

knowledgedigitization

knowledgeserver

knowledgeclient

knowledgemediator

knowledgebeneficiary

connectivity

physicaltransportphysical

centre

URBAN RURAL

e-Government

government

digitization

governmentdatacenter

villagePC

mediator

citizen

connectivityURBAN RURAL

official documents

Telemedicine

doctor

VTCclient

VTCclient

healthcareworker

patient

connectivity

hospitalphysicaltransport

URBAN RURAL

Education

masterteacher

contentcapture

contentdatabase

rural PC

teacher

student

connectivityURBAN RURAL

teachertraining

Agriculture

agricultureexpert

digitization

agri-infoserver

knowledgeclient

(extensionworker)

farmer

connectivity

harvesttransportmarket

URBAN RURAL

Rural ICT?

knowledgesource


knowledgeserver

knowledgeclient

knowledgemediator


connectivity


centre

URBAN RURAL

This is not easy.

But, it’s not the difficult part!!!

Challenges:• capital costs• operational costs• power/connectivity infrastructure• good location• etc.

“Content”

knowledgesource


knowledgeserver

knowledgeclient

knowledgemediator


connectivity


centre

URBAN RURAL

Challenges:• dedicated human expertise• local language and content• datacenter costs• digitization effort and costs • ongoing content maintenance• etc.

“Capacity Building”

knowledgesource


knowledgeserver

knowledgeclient

knowledgemediator


connectivity


centre

URBAN RURAL

Challenges:• basic education• training• ongoing training• replacing those who leave• costs for all of the above• etc.

Supply Chain and Transport

knowledgesource


knowledgeserver

knowledgeclient

knowledgemediator


connectivity


centre

URBAN RURAL

Challenges:• supply chain set-up• road infrastructure• routine transport • cost of travel• etc.

The End-to-End Challenge

knowledgesource


knowledgeserver

knowledgeclient

knowledgemediator


connectivity


centre

URBAN RURAL

End-to-end services are… • geographically distributed• human, physical, digital• ongoing

Order of implementation?

Source ServerConnect-

ivityClient Mediator Transport User

GovernanceGovern-

ment

Gov’t data

center

Connect-ivity

Rural PC OperatorDocu-ments

Citizen

Health DoctorVTC client

Connect-ivity

VTC client

Health worker

Patients / medication

Patient

EducationMaster teacher

Content repository

Connect-ivity

Class-room PC

Teacher <none> Student

Micro-finance

Bank / MFIBank

recordsConnect-

ivityRural client

Loan officer

Cash Borrower

Agriculture Agri expertAgri

repositoryConnect-

ivityRural PC

Extension worker

Agri inputs Farmer

Rural, but disconnected…



GovernanceGovern-

ment

Gov’t data

center

Connect-ivity


Citizen


Connect-ivity

VTC client

Health worker


Patient


Content repository

Connect-ivity

Class-room PC


Micro-finance

Bank / MFIBank

recordsConnect-

ivityRural client

Loan officer

Cash Borrower


repositoryConnect-

ivityRural PC

Extension worker

Agri inputs Farmer

End-to-End Connects



GovernanceGovern-

ment

Gov’t data

center

Connect-ivity


Citizen


Connect-ivity

VTC client

Health worker


Patient


Content repository

Connect-ivity

Class-room PC


Micro-finance

Bank / MFIBank

recordsConnect-

ivityRural client

Loan officer

Cash Borrower


repositoryConnect-

ivityRural PC

Extension worker

Agri inputs Farmer

The “digital divide” is not all digital!!!

SourceDigitiza

-tionServer Client

Mediator

Transport

User

Governance

Govern-ment

digitiza-tion

Gov’t data

center

Rural PC

Operator

Docu-ments

Citizen

Health Doctordigitiza-

tionVTC client

VTC client

Health worker

Patients / medicati

on

Patient


digitiza-tion

Content reposito

ry

Class-room PC

Teacher <none>Stude

nt

Financial services

Bankdigitiza-

tionBank

recordsRural client

Financial

officerCash

Custom-er

AgricultureAgri

expertdigitiza-

tion

Agri reposito

ry

Rural PC

Extension

worker

Agri inputs

Farmer

SourceDigitiza

-tionServer Client

Mediator

Transport

User

Governance

Govern-ment

digitiza-tion

Gov’t data

center

Rural PC

Operator

Docu-ments

Citizen


tionVTC client

VTC client

Health worker

Patients / medicati

on

Patient


digitiza-tion

Content reposito

ry

Class-room PC

Teacher <none>Stude

nt

Financial services

Bankdigitiza-

tionBank

recordsRural client

Financial

officerCash

Custom-er

AgricultureAgri

expertdigitiza-

tion

Agri reposito

ry

Rural PC

Extension

worker

Agri inputs

Farmer

SourceDigitiza

-tionServer Client

Mediator

Transport

User

Governance

Govern-ment

digitiza-tion

Gov’t data

center

Rural PC

Operator

Docu-ments

Citizen


tionVTC client

VTC client

Health worker

Patients / medicati

on

Patient


digitiza-tion

Content reposito

ry

Class-room PC

Teacher <none>Stude

nt

Financial services

Bankdigitiza-

tionBank

recordsRural client

Financial

officerCash

Custom-er

AgricultureAgri

expertdigitiza-

tion

Agri reposito

ry

Rural PC

Extension

worker

Agri inputs

Farmer

SourceDigitiza

-tionServer Client

Mediator

Transport

User

Governance

Govern-ment

digitiza-tion

Gov’t data

center

Rural PC

Operator

Docu-ments

Citizen


tionVTC client

VTC client

Health worker

Patients / medicati

on

Patient


digitiza-tion

Content reposito

ry

Class-room PC

Teacher <none>Stude

nt

Financial services

Bankdigitiza-

tionBank

recordsRural client

Financial

officerCash

Custom-er

AgricultureAgri

expertdigitiza-

tion

Agri reposito

ry

Rural PC

Extension

worker

Agri inputs

Farmer

SourceDigitiza

-tionServer Client

Mediator

Transport

User

Governance

Govern-ment

digitiza-tion

Gov’t data

center

Rural PC

Operator

Docu-ments

Citizen


tionVTC client

VTC client

Health worker

Patients / medicati

on

Patient


digitiza-tion

Content reposito

ry

Class-room PC

Teacher <none>Stude

nt

Financial services

Bankdigitiza-

tionBank

recordsRural client

Financial

officerCash

Custom-er

AgricultureAgri

expertdigitiza-

tion

Agri reposito

ry

Rural PC

Extension

worker

Agri inputs

Farmer

SourceDigitiza

-tionServer Client

Mediator

Transport

User

Governance

Govern-ment

digitiza-tion

Gov’t data

center

Rural PC

Operator

Docu-ments

Citizen


tionVTC client

VTC client

Health worker

Patients / medicati

on

Patient


digitiza-tion

Content reposito

ry

Class-room PC

Teacher <none>Stude

nt

Financial services

Bankdigitiza-

tionBank

recordsRural client

Financial

officerCash

Custom-er

AgricultureAgri

expertdigitiza-

tion

Agri reposito

ry

Rural PC

Extension

worker

Agri inputs

Farmer

Scale is Incremental

SourceDigitiza

-tionServer Client

Mediator

Transport

User

Governance

Govern-ment

digitiza-tion

Gov’t data

center

Rural PC

Operator

Docu-ments

Citizen


tionVTC client

VTC client

Health worker

Patients / medicati

on

Patient


digitiza-tion

Content reposito

ry

Class-room PC

Teacher <none>Stude

nt

Financial services

Bankdigitiza-

tionBank

recordsRural client

Financial

officerCash

Custom-er

AgricultureAgri

expertdigitiza-

tion

Agri reposito

ry

Rural PC

Extension

worker

Agri inputs

Farmer

SourceDigitiza

-tionServer Client

Mediator

Transport

User

Governance

Govern-ment

digitiza-tion

Gov’t data

center

Rural PC

Operator

Docu-ments

Citizen


tionVTC client

VTC client

Health worker

Patients / medicati

on

Patient


digitiza-tion

Content reposito

ry

Class-room PC

Teacher <none>Stude

nt

Financial services

Bankdigitiza-

tionBank

recordsRural client

Financial

officerCash

Custom-er

AgricultureAgri

expertdigitiza-

tion

Agri reposito

ry

Rural PC

Extension

worker

Agri inputs

Farmer

SourceDigitiza

-tionServer Client

Mediator

Transport

User

Governance

Govern-ment

digitiza-tion

Gov’t data

center

Rural PC

Operator

Docu-ments

Citizen


tionVTC client

VTC client

Health worker

Patients / medicati

on

Patient


digitiza-tion

Content reposito

ry

Class-room PC

Teacher <none>Stude

nt

Financial services

Bankdigitiza-

tionBank

recordsRural client

Financial

officerCash

Custom-er

AgricultureAgri

expertdigitiza-

tion

Agri reposito

ry

Rural PC

Extension

worker

Agri inputs

Farmer

SourceDigitiza

-tionServer Client

Mediator

Transport

User

Governance

Govern-ment

digitiza-tion

Gov’t data

center

Rural PC

Operator

Docu-ments

Citizen


tionVTC client

VTC client

Health worker

Patients / medicati

on

Patient


digitiza-tion

Content reposito

ry

Class-room PC

Teacher <none>Stude

nt

Financial services

Bankdigitiza-

tionBank

recordsRural client

Financial

officerCash

Custom-er

AgricultureAgri

expertdigitiza-

tion

Agri reposito

ry

Rural PC

Extension

worker

Agri inputs

Farmer

SourceDigitiza

-tionServer Client

Mediator

Transport

User

Governance

Govern-ment

digitiza-tion

Gov’t data

center

Rural PC

Operator

Docu-ments

Citizen


tionVTC client

VTC client

Health worker

Patients / medicati

on

Patient


digitiza-tion

Content reposito

ry

Class-room PC

Teacher <none>Stude

nt

Financial services

Bankdigitiza-

tionBank

recordsRural client

Financial

officerCash

Custom-er

AgricultureAgri

expertdigitiza-

tion

Agri reposito

ry

Rural PC

Extension

worker

Agri inputs

Farmer

SourceDigitiza

-tionServer Client

Mediator

Transport

User

Governance

Govern-ment

digitiza-tion

Gov’t data

center

Rural PC

Operator

Docu-ments

Citizen


tionVTC client

VTC client

Health worker

Patients / medicati

on

Patient


digitiza-tion

Content reposito

ry

Class-room PC

Teacher <none>Stude

nt

Financial services

Bankdigitiza-

tionBank

recordsRural client

Financial

officerCash

Custom-er

AgricultureAgri

expertdigitiza-

tion

Agri reposito

ry

Rural PC

Extension

worker

Agri inputs

Farmer

SourceDigitiza

-tionServer Client

Mediator

Transport

User

Governance

Govern-ment

digitiza-tion

Gov’t data

center

Rural PC

Operator

Docu-ments

Citizen


tionVTC client

VTC client

Health worker

Patients / medicati

on

Patient


digitiza-tion

Content reposito

ry

Class-room PC

Teacher <none>Stude

nt

Financial services

Bankdigitiza-

tionBank

recordsRural client

Financial

officerCash

Custom-er

AgricultureAgri

expertdigitiza-

tion

Agri reposito

ry

Rural PC

Extension

worker

Agri inputs

Farmer

Summary Recommendations

Focus on services end to end.

Invest in the whole solution:– digital, physical, human

Be prepared for sustained, distributed, high-skill effort to scale.

Thank you!http://research.microsoft.com/research/[email protected]

http://research.microsoft.com/research/tem/kiosks



End-to-End Services Kentaro Toyama, PhD Assistant Managing Director Microsoft Research India 4 th Convention of the National Alliance for Mission 2007.

Documents

microsoft products

endtoend mean

software logging tool13

structured interviews

hours of indepth interviews

human expertise local

startup firms

emerging marketscollaborations