Enbe

ENBE | Final Project | Part A – Report | The Better Livable Town Representation

Better Livable Town

Your Town NAME

Your name | Your ID

FNBE APR 2014 | Taylor’s University + logo

*you can rearrange the text and add a picture of YOUR Town or whatever that is suitable.

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ENBE | Final Project | Part A – Report | The Better Livable Town Representation

Content:

1. Introduction (describe the project brief, the things that you have to do etc)2. A Town (describe the definition, your findings and information on what is a city-

characteristic etc) Investigation on Better Township or Town or City Guidelines and Issues (Information that may help you with your city proposal)

3. Investigation & Data Collection: Ancient and old cities/town (describe the city.. give a conclusion. 1-2 cities preferably almost similar to your selected future city )

4. Investigation & Data Collection: The present towns/cities (describe the city.. give a conclusion. 1-2 cities preferably almost similar to your selected type of city )

5. Investigation & Data Collection: The future and better township (1-2 towns preferably almost similar to your selected type of town )

6. The New “X” Town / Or the new name (describe the new facilities, characters etc of the new town)

7. The Conclusion (describe what was important and others should follow or perhaps should know and what did you learned)

8. References list

These are just guidelines. You may add more topic if you want. Don’t forget the page number Don’t forget to insert images, diagrams etc to support your

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ENBE | Final Project | Part A – Report | The Better Livable Town Representation

IntroductionIn this final project of Element of Build Environment, we were assigned

to do build a model about future city. Before that, we were required to

explore and investigate more on one ancient city, present

city and future city. Based on cities we analyzed and came out with

a new ‘X’ city concept. We have to do a report and video to support

our new city’s and idea for our individual works. We need to discuss in

group and choose one where our city will be such as underground,

floating on water and etc.

At first, I have do some research about what is a city and how city

become a city. I read some articles about future city from my friends.

After that, I will try to surf the internet to find out some references and

information about how to enhance the lifestyle, quality of humans.

After this assignment, I found out how to create a good city through

Zoning and structure of city

Social, economy and potentiality of city

Infrastructure, utility, service and amenities of a city

The needs of people

Sustainable initiative , climate change and Geography of a city

Transportation of city

Technology and facilities of a city

Renewable resources

Choo Zi Zhao | 0320498 | Miss Ida| FNBE AUG 2014 | Taylor’s University3

ENBE | Final Project | Part A – Report | The Better Livable Town Representation The City

The City Definition City means a large town. When we talk about city, we know city is a place where surrounded by Tall buildings, many people, Advanced Technology and many people.

Brief History Relatively permanent and highly organized Centre of population, of greater size or importance than a town or village. The first cities appeared in Neolithic times when the development of agricultural techniques assured surplus crop yields large enough to sustain a permanent population. Ancient Greece saw the creation of the City-State, a form also important in the emergence of the Roman Empire as well as the medieval Italian trading centers of Venice, Genoa, and Florence.

Evolution of city

Rome wasn’t built in a day. Same as city. Before city become a city, it was a small village. A village need to grow until it’s become a city, it needs a lot of recourses, man power and a good mayor. When this few things achieved, village will develop into town which have higher population, bigger area then a village. After few year of hard work and develop, it’s finally become a city. It seem can be easily explain into few

sentences how city become a city but it’s difficulty was beyond our mind because every city needs to deal will it’s

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problem, such as social activities, the safety of humans, the natural disaster and more. When a city can overcome those problems, it will become a great city ever.

What makes a city become a city?A city is a center of population, commerce and culture; a town of significant size and importance. Cities generally come with a complex system for sanitation, utilities, land usage, housing, and transportation. Again, to become a city, it need a long time process to be built and enhance. The concentration of development greatly facilitates interaction between people and businesses, benefiting both parties in the process, but it also presents challenges to managing urban growth. Big city or metropolis usually has associated suburbs and exurbs. Such cities are usually associated with metropolitan and urban areas, creating numerous business commuters traveling to urban centers for employment. To become a city, it needs many elements to form such as

Transportation Facilities Technology Zoning and Housing Ability to overcome the nature disasters Sewer systems Government (mayor) Utilities and Sanitation

What makes a city become a good city?What means a good city? How do we define a good city, what is our

criteria? What makes an urban environment desirable and livable, and

how do we judge the quality of life? What is socially and environmentally

sustainable? Referencing the brilliant Danish urban planner Jan Gehl,

Peñalsoa explained that:

“A great city is one where people want to go out of their homes. Public space is a magical good, and it never ceases to yield pleasure; we should give it a lot of attention. Public good prevails over private interest. A great city is where we all feel not excluded. The quality of the sidewalks in a city is the most telling thing. Just as

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a bird needs to fly, fish need to swim and deer need to run, we need to walk.”

A good city consist of: Sufficient food supply and water High effective of government services Justice government tax Good planning and zoning Enjoyable and clean environment Effective sewer and drainage system Higher-quality infrastructure and services High-performing team of civil servants Faster, safety , clean and affordable transportation system Least traffic jam problems Great Education system Efficient power sources Renewable resources Embrace technology Integrates environmental thinking Explore investment partnerships High quality of lifestyle Affordable medical, sanitation and fire protection

Cities do not consist of freeways, buildings, transit systems, houses, malls, sidewalks, hydro wires, sewers, water mains, snowplows, corporations or government. Good cities consist of good people. Like a

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vibrant company, they tap their best people — those with intelligence, energy, integrity, goodwill and a large well of experience — to do the best things. With a critical mass of good people, all the other elements of urban living — transit, wealth, a healthy environment … the list goes on and on — fall into place.

Why we need a city floating on water?

Water is the major constituent of the fluids of living things. Drinking water is essential to humans and other life forms even though it provides no calories or organic nutrients. Humans can survive without food for three weeks but without water, humans cannot survive for first week. Water is very important for all living things.

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In June 2013, the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division estimated that as of 2010, the world population was 6.916 billion. The World Resources Institute states that "Agricultural conversion to croplands and managed pastures has affected some 3.3 billion [hectares] – roughly 26 percent of the land area.

On year 2010, at least half of cultivable land is already being farmed, and there are concerns that the remaining reserves are greatly overestimated. The current world population of 7.2 billion is projected to

increase by 1 billion over the next 12 years and reach 9.6 billion by 2050, according to a United Nations report. Over population will cause:

Depletion of Natural Resources: Degradation of Environment Conflicts and Wars

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World population estimates from 1800 to 2100, based on "high", "medium" and "low “United (colored red, orange and green) and US Census Bureau historical estimates (in black). Actual recorded population figures are colored in blue. According to the highest estimate, the world population may rise to 16 billion by 2100; according to the lowest estimate, it may decline to 6 billion.

Map showing urban areas with at least

one million inhabitants in 2006. Only

3% of the world's population lived in

cities in 1800; this proportion had risen

to 47% by 2000, and reached 50.5% by

2010. By 2050, the proportion may

reach 70%.This map shows the global

distribution of top 400 "urban areas"

with at least 1,000,000 inhabitants in

2006.

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Rise in Unemployment High Cost of Living

As the conclusion, a floating water city may help:

Deal with overpopulation Increasing space area for humans to live To minimize the negative impact to environment Produce a sufficient amount of water and food to humans

(agricultural area) Closer to the natural Deal with salvation Increase the Employment rate

Investigation & Data Collection: Ancient Cities (Ancient Rome)

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Ancient Rome

One of the most ancient cities in Europe, ancient Rome has lived through 2,700 years. Since then it has been continuously inhabited, and, as headquarters first of the Roman Empire and then of the Roman, it has had a gigantic impact on the world. Many European languages are based on Latin, many political and legal systems follow the ancient Roman model; and buildings all round the world utilize styles and techniques perfected in ancient Rome. Ancient Rome was an Italic civilization that began on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 8th century BC. Located along the Mediterranean Sea and centered on the city of Rome, it expanded to become one of the largest empires in the ancient world with an estimated 50 to 90 million inhabitants (roughly 20% of the world's population) and covering 6.5 million square kilometers (2.5 million sq mi) during its height between the first and second centuries AD.

In its approximately 12 centuries of existence, Roman civilization shifted from a monarchy to a classical republic and then to an increasingly autocratic empire.

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Map of Ancient Rome

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Through conquest and assimilation, it came to dominate Southern and Western Europe, Asia Minor, North Africa, and parts of Northern and Eastern Europe. Rome was preponderant throughout the Mediterranean region and was one of the most powerful entities of the ancient world. It is often grouped into "Classical Antiquity" together with ancient Greece, and their similar cultures and societies are known as the Greco-Roman world.

Ancient Roman society has contributed to modern government, law, politics, engineering, art, literature, architecture, technology, warfare, religion, language and society. A civilization highly developed for its time, Rome professionalized and expanded its military and created a system of government called res publica, the inspiration for modern republics such as the United States and France. It achieved impressive technological and architectural feats, such as the construction of an extensive system of aqueducts and roads, as well as large monuments, palaces, and public facilities.

Founding MythAccording to the founding myth of Rome, the city was founded on 21 April 753 BC by twin brothers Romulus and Remus, who descended from the Trojan prince Aeneas and who were grandsons of the Latin King, Numitor of Alba Longa. King Numitor was deposed from his throne by his brother, Amulius, while Numitor's daughter, Rhea Silvia, gave birth to the twins. Because Rhea Silvia was raped and impregnated by Mars, the Roman god of war, the twins were considered half-divine.

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GovernmentInitially, Rome was ruled by kings, who were elected from each of Rome's major tribes in turn. The exact nature of the king's power is uncertain. He may have held near-absolute power, or may also have merely been the chief executive of the Senate. At least in military matters, the king's authority (Imperium) was likely absolute. He was also the head of the state religion. In addition to the authority of the King, there were three administrative assemblies: the Senate, which acted as an advisory body for the King; the Comitia Curiata, which could endorse and ratify laws suggested by the King; and the Comitia, which was an assembly of the priestly college that could assemble the people to bear witness to certain acts, hear proclamations, and declare the feast and holiday schedule for the next month.

Class structurePeople were divided into different classes. There were Patricians, Plebeians and Slaves.

Patrician

Patricians were wealthy citizens of Rome. They usually lived in grand houses and had slaves to

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do their work for them. Because they were citizens of Rome they were allowed to go to the Assembly to vote.

Plebian

Plebeians were not wealthy but they were citizens of Rome. They were usually craftsmen or tradesmen and they worked for a living. Because they were citizens of Rome they were allowed to go to the Assembly to vote.

Roman Slaves

Slaves had no money, no rights, no freedom and were not citizens of Rome. Because they were not citizens of Rome they were not allowed to go to the Assembly to vote.

Citizens of Rome - Patricians and Plebeians met in the Assembly and voted for consuls, tribunes and magistrates. Women and slaves were not allowed in the Assembly and could not vote.

Consuls

The citizens of Rome voted for two consuls. They were elected to serve for one year. It was the Consuls job to govern Rome. They had to both agree on all decisions. After they had served their

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year they were replaced. They were not allowed to be consuls again for ten years.

Magistrates

The citizens of Rome voted for a number of magistrates. It was the magistrates’s job to keep law and order and also to manage Rome's financial affairs. When magistrates retired they became senators and attended the Senate.

Tribunes

The citizens of Rome voted for tribunes. It was the tribunes job to make sure that the people were treated fairly.

LawRoman law as preserved in Justinian's codes continued into the Byzantine Empire, and formed the basis of similar codifications in continental Western Europe. Roman law continued, in a broader sense, to be applied throughout most of Europe until the end of the 17th century.The major divisions of the law of ancient Rome, as contained within the Justinian and Theodosian law codes, consisted of Ius Civile, Ius Gentium, and Ius Naturale. The Ius Civile ("Citizen Law") was

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the body of common laws that applied to Roman citizens. The Praetores Urbani (sg. Praetor Urbanus) were the people who had jurisdiction over cases involving citizens. The Ius Gentium ("Law of nations") was the body of common laws that applied to foreigners, and their dealings with Roman citizens. The Praetores Peregrini (sg. Praetor Peregrinus) were the people who had jurisdiction over cases involving citizens and foreigners. Ius Naturale encompassed natural law, the body of laws that were considered common to all beings.

The Roman Military

The Roman military was the most successful and powerful in history, dominating the Western world for over a thousand years. The size, strength and organization of their infantry force wouldn’t be equaled again for another thousand years. The Romans believed themselves to be descendants of Mars, literally the sons

of the war god. They were a proud and uncompromising people who above all else excelled at the art of warfare. The core of Rome’s military strength lay in the professionalism of their heavy infantry. A force that was organized and reorganized as it evolved and adapted to survive the assaults of its mortal enemies, and conquer the Western world. What had started as a regional force of citizen soldier farmers evolved into a massive full time professional army, the world’s first. They became the supreme predator of their day, unmatched in battle and relentless in conquest. From their unremarkable origins

the

brutal Roman military conquered the Mediterranean world from Mesopotamia to Scotland until finally being absorbed and defeated by waves of barbarian

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Julius Caesar (100– 44 BC)Roman Military Leader

and Dictator

The Roman MilitaryWestern histories most

dominate military.

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invasions and internal decay. They were, perhaps, victims of their own success, having grown to large. It was a remarkable run though, spanning from their founding traditionally placed at 753BC until the last western Roman emperor was deposed in 486AD. Their success was made possible through both ruthless military might and a focused, determined population.

Roman Military EngineeringThe military engineering of Ancient Rome's armed forces was of a scale and frequency far beyond that of any of its contemporaries. Indeed, military engineering was in many ways institutionally endemic in Roman military culture, as demonstrated by the fact that each Roman legionary had as part of his equipment a shovel, alongside his gladius (sword) and pila (spears). Heather writes that "Learning to build, and build quickly, was a standard element of training".

This engineering prowess was, however, only evident during the peak of Roman military prowess under the mid-Republic to the mid-Empire. Prior to the mid-Republic period there is little evidence of protracted or exceptional military engineering, and in the late Empire likewise there is little sign of the kind of engineering feats that were regularly carried out in the earlier Empire. Roman military engineering took both routine and extraordinary forms, the former a proactive part of standard military procedure, and the latter of an extraordinary or reactionary nature. Proactive military engineering took the form of the regular construction of fortified camps, in road-building, and in the construction of siege engines. The knowledge and experience learned through such routine engineering lent itself readily to any extraordinary engineering projects required by the

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The massive earthen ramp at Masada, designed by the Roman army to breach

the fortress' walls

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army, such as the circumvallation constructed at Alesia and the earthen ramp constructed at Masada. This engineering expertise practiced in daily routines also served in the construction of siege equipment such as ballistae, onagers and siege towers, as well as allowing the troops to construct roads, bridges and fortified camps. All of these led to strategic capabilities, allowing Roman troops to, respectively, assault besieged settlements, move more rapidly to wherever they were needed, cross rivers to reduce march times and surprise enemies, and to

camp in relative security even in enemy territory.

Sights of Ancient RomeFor almost one thousand years, the city of Rome reigned as the Caput Mundi, the capital of the world. During its heyday, the city was an architectural marvel, with numerous palaces, temples and stadiums all built in marble. Many of these magnificent structures have been destroyed since the fall of the Roman Empire in the fifth century. The city has been pillaged numerous times by barbaric tribes who burned down buildings, looted its many treasures and destroyed invaluable works of art. During the Middle Ages the remaining ruins were left to decay. Popes took marble columns and cladding from some of Rome's most spectacular buildings like the Colosseum and the Circus Maximus to decorate churches. Some ancient buildings were even demolished just to make room for the throngs of pilgrims. It was only in the early 19th century that the interest in the greatest empire of all time started to grow and monuments like the Arch of Titus were excavated and restored. Despite the centuries-long destruction there are still many ruins in Rome that give visitors an idea of the magnificence of the Roman Empire. Below, in alphabetical order, an overview of some of the most interesting remains from ancient Rome.

Amphitheatrum CastrensE

The Amphitheatrum Castrense is the second largest surviving amphitheater in Rome, only surpassed in size by the Flavian Amphitheatre. It was built in the early third century and later incorporated

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into the Aurelian Wall, when the open arches were bricked up. The upper stories were demolished in the 16th century.

Ara PacisOriginally named Ara Pacis Augustae after Emperor Augustus, but usually shortened to just Ara Pacis, the altar was consecrated in 9 BC as the Altar of Majestic Peace. It was commissioned by Emperor Augustus to celebrate his victories at Gaul and Hispania (now France and Spain) and the establishment of peace in the Roman Empire. In its time, it was considered one of the most important monuments in Rome.

Arch of ConstantineThe well-preserved Arch of Constantine is decorated with beautiful sculpture reliefs and statues. The monument is the most recent of the ancient triumphal arches. It was erected in 315 AD to commemorate the victory of the army of Emperor Constantine over that of Emperor Maxentius.

Arch of Janus

The Arch of Janus Quadrifrons was built in the fourth century AD over the intersection of two roads. It provided shelter for the merchants of the nearby cattle market at the Forum Boarium. The arch is named for the Roman god Janus, the god who opens the gate to heaven.

Arch of TitusThe Arch of Titus is the oldest of the two remaining triumphal arches at the Roman

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Forum. It was built in 81 to 85 AD to celebrate the suppression of the Jewish revolt in 72 AD. The arch is dedicated to Emperor Titus, who led the troops in the capture of Jerusalem.

Baths of DiocletianThe Baths of Diocleation were built in 306 AD and occupied an area 356 meters long and 316 meters wide. A part of the complex was later converted into a monastery and is now home to a museum. In 1563-1566 the ancient tepidarium (which had lukewarm baths) was integrated into the Santa Maria degli Angeli by Michelangelo.

Design and zoning of city The Romans used a consolidated scheme for city planning, developed for military defense and civil convenience. The basic plan consisted of a central forum with city services, surrounded by a compact, rectilinear grid of streets, and wrapped in a wall for defense. To reduce travel times, two diagonal streets crossed the square grid, passing through the central square. A river usually flowed through the city, providing water, transport, and sewage disposal. They would lay out the streets at right angles, in the form of a square grid. All roads were equal in width and length, except for two, which were slightly wider than the others. One of these ran east–west, the other, north–south, and they intersected in the middle to form the center of the grid. All roads were made of carefully fitted flag stones and filled in with smaller, hard-packed rocks and pebbles. Bridges were constructed where needed. Each square marked off by four roads was called an insula, the Roman equivalent of a modern city block. Each insula was 80 yards (73 m) square, with the land within it divided. As the city developed, each insula would eventually be filled with buildings of various shapes and sizes and crisscrossed with back roads and alleys. Most insulae were given to the first settlers of a Roman city, but each person had to pay to construct his own house. The city was surrounded by a wall to protect it from invaders and to mark the city limits. Areas outside city limits were left open as farmland. At the end of each main road was a large gateway with watchtowers. A portcullis covered the opening when the city was under siege, and additional watchtowers were

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Covered with the city walls and watchtower.

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constructed along the city walls. An aqueduct was built outside the city walls.

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River flowed through city

River mostly covered with Residential area

All road are equal

Important area such as government built in middle of city

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Conclusion (Ancient City)

Based on the research I found from Ancient Rome, there are few characteristics that I will included into my X City which are:

Class structure Law The Roman Military The architecture design of Rome

building Design and zoning of city

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Investigation & Data Collection:Present Cities ( Venice Italy)

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HISTORY OF VENICEFounding refugees: 568When the Lombard invade Italy, in 568, one of the first cities in their path is Aquileia - a Christian town of long-standing importance, traditionally held to have been founded by St Mark. Many of its inhabitants, alarmed at the prospects of life under the rule of Germanic tribesmen, opt for the uncertain status of refugees. Fleeing southwards, some seek

safety on a low-lying offshore island - probably occupied at the time only by a fishing community. The island is Torcello. And the refugees, seen with the hindsight of history, are the founders of Venice. Less than twenty years later, in about 584, those parts of the east Italian coast still in Byzantine hands are grouped together as the exarchate- a defensive arrangement against the Lombards. The islanders of Torcello, who have perhaps already spread to neighbouring islands in the Venetian lagoon, are included in the exarchate. But with the northern mainland in Lombard hands, and with a considerable distance separating them from the Centre of Byzantine government at Ravenna, their survival is largely in their own hands. They become increasingly independent. In 726 the Venetians for the first time elect their own doge (the equivalent of 'duke', from the Latindux meaning' leader').

Doges and diplomacy: 726-814Orso, the first Venetian doge, comes to power specifically as an opponent of Byzantine rule over the islands of the lagoon. This first bid for independence fails. Byzantine officials continue to govern the islands until the fall of the exarchate of Ravenna in 751. The Venetians, now of necessity on their own though still legally subject to the Byzantine empire, develop skills as middlemen which eventually bring them great wealth and power. When Pepin, the son of Charlemagne, campaigns in northeast Italy in 809, the Venetian doge makes an alliance with him - a move involving

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considerable risk, in that it is unlikely to please the Byzantine emperor. Others might be crushed between the new Carolingian empire to the west and the ancient Byzantine in the east. But Venice successfully plays the giants off against each other. A treaty in 814 between the Franks and the Byzantines establishes that Venice is to remain independent of the Carolingian empire; but no special emphasis is laid on the existing obligation to Constantinople. As part of both worlds, east and west, perfectly placed between the Mediterranean and the mountain passes up through the Alps into northern Europe, Venice is now poised to make her fortune from trade.

The floating city - Venice Italy CityVENICE. One of the first cities in Italy to engage in international commerce after the devastations of the early “Middle Ages”. Venice Italy City is a very famous and interesting place. Now, Venice has been known as the "City of Water", "The Floating City", and "City of Canals". It had been descripted as paradise

and the most beautiful city built by man. The Venice Italy City is made up by 118 islands that are linked together by

water canals, some small bridges and 3 larger bridge of the Grand Canal. The buildings in Venice were not built directly on the islands. Instead, they were built upon wooden platforms that were supported by wooden stakes driven into the ground.

The geometric shape of Venice Italy The Venice Italy City is located in the marshy Venetian Lagoon which stretches along the shoreline, between the mouths of the Po and the Piave Rivers. Basically, the

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The Grand Canal of Venice, Italy

Venice Italy City

The Grand Canal and the Venice City

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Venice was built according to the canal shape which called as Grand Canal. The canal leads into the lagoon near the Santa Lucia railway station and the other end leads into Saint Mark Basin; in between, it makes a large reverse-S shape through the central districts of Venice. It is 3,800 m long, 30–90 m wide, with an average depth of five meters (16.5 ft).

How does the Venice Italy built?Venice history dates back many years when people sought refuge. These people built upon the lagoon for safety from being attacked. In the lagoon there a collection of Small Island of rock and mud and it was here that these people started driving wood pilings into the mud and sand and into clay. The wood pilings became the initial foundation. The Venetians first drove wooden stakes into the sandy ground. Then, wooden platforms were constructed on top of these stakes. In 17 century, the Santa Maria Della Salute church was built, 1,106,657 wooden stakes, each measuring 4 meters, were driven underwater. This process took two years and two months to be completed. On top of that, the wood had to be obtained from the forests of Slovenia, Croatia and Montenegro, and transported to Venice via water.

Modern structure of wooden Foundation The foundations of the buildings in Venice are based on a complex system composed of wood, water and soil. The

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The city of Venice was built on wooden foundations.

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knowledge of the conservation status of the foundation is important to know the influence on the statics of the building and its overall stability. Nevertheless, after few centuries, the wood subjected to constant imbibition, in almost anoxia conditions, could be deteriorated by anaerobic bacteria. There is a lack of scientific knowledge about the actual state of conservation of the foundations, being not true the legend telling that a wooden pole in the mud last forever. By means of in-depth and accurate surveys, it has been possible to find the correlation between parameters which describe the entire system (wood, water and soil): this is fundamental to reckon the stability of Venetian buildings. 

Why the longevity of wood can brace and stay for hundreds of years?The secret of the longevity of Venice wooden foundation is they are submerged underwater. The decay of wood is caused by the microorganism such as fungi and bacteria. Wood is composed of three main substances: cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Microorganisms need oxygen to survive. When the wooden foundation is submerged underwater, the wooden doesn’t exposed to oxygen. In

addition, the constant flow of salt water around and through the wood petrifies the wood over time, turning the wood into a hardened stone-like structure.

The transportation of Venice Italy City

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Azienda del Consorzio Trasporti Veneziano (ACTV) is a public company responsible for public transportation in Venice City. The transportation of Venice Italy city had been categories into 3 areas which are Lagoon Area, Lido and Pallestrina islands and the Mainland.

Lagoon area The main public transportation means are motorized waterbuses (vaporetto) which play regular routes along the Grand Canal and between the city's islands. The only gondola still in common use by Venetians are the traghetto, foot passenger ferries crossing the Grand Canal at certain points without bridges. The Venice People Mover (managed by ASM) is a cable-operated public transit system connecting Tronchetto island with Piazza Roma. Water taxis are also active.

Lido and Pellestrina islandsLido and Pellestrina are two islands forming a barrier between the southern Venetian Lagoon and the Adriatic Sea. In those islands, road traffic is allowed. There are bus services on islands and waterbus services linking islands with others islands (Venice, Murano, Burano) and with the peninsula of Cavallino-Treporti.

MainlandThe mainland of Venice is composed of 5 boroughs: Mestre-Carpenedo, Marghera, Chirignago-Zelarino and Favaro Veneto. Mestre is the

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The Lagoon Area Lido and Pellestrina islands

Vaporetto (Waterbuses)

Traghetto (boat)

Gondola (boat)

Mainland

Venezia Santa Lucia railway station

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center and the most populated urban area of the mainland of Venice. There are several bus routes and one tramway. Several bus routes link mainland with piazza Roma, the main bus station in Venice, via Ponte della Libertà, a road bridge connecting the historical center of the city of Venice, that is a group of islands, to the mainland.

Airport of Venice Italy Venice airport is located in Italy. This facility is particularly to the north of Venice, in

Tessera. This airport was named after Marco Polo who was a Venetian traveler and it his book that introduced China and Central Asia to Europeans. It has one modern terminal building that first opened in 2002 and in 2011 there were almost 8,600,000 passengers

pass through this terminal. This amount of passengers is the maximum it can handle. With regard to air traffic, this airport ranks fourth in the country. The airport handles charter and scheduled flights.

Venezia Santa Lucia Railway Station

This typical head station, the only real access gate to the city of canals, is located right in the heart of the city, in Fundamental Santa Lucia, and is frequented by an average of 82 thousand persons per day, for a total of around 30 million presences per year; it hosts some 450 trains per day. The public transport system in its vicinity consists solely of “vaporetto” boat-transport lines along the Grand Canal, while the urban and extra-urban road transport lines are concentrated in Piazzale Roma.

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Bus Service

Airport

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The bridges of Venice Italy With its hundreds of bridges built over the course of centuries, most of which are still in use today, Venice probably has more bridges than any other city in the world. It is also a city where the culture of bridges and bridge-building is closely linked to the culture of the town. Over the centuries, many different building techniques and materials have been used in the construction of Venice’s bridges. This natural selection process has left us today with a heritage of over 400 bridges. There are two main types of bridge in Venice: girder bridges and arch bridges.

Girder bridges

Girder bridges generally have a horizontal deck between two imposts, and therefore require longer access ramps than arch bridges, whose ramps are inclined from the keystone to the abutments; in addition, generally speaking, girder bridges need to have

higher structural depth than

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Constitution Bridge

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arch bridges. Against these disadvantages, truss bridges have the undoubted advantage of generating mainly vertical reactions on the foundations, making them highly suitable for the city’s soil characteristics.

Arch bridges

Arch bridges are much more prevalent, as they successfully integrate the need for a continuous pedestrian walkway with the need to leave sufficient space underneath for boats to pass. Arches are designed according to various formal types: semicircular, horseshoe

segmental, equilateral pointed and elliptical.

The Zoning and structure of Venice Italy The Planning and Zoning Department guides growth and development by initiating current and long-range planning activities. These activities are performed through implementation of the Land Development Code, review and management of new development projects, the coordination and development of sector area plans, and the city’s comprehensive plan.  The department presents recommendations ensuring growth and change is

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Rialto Bridge Quarto Ponte sul Canal Grande

Ponte degli ScalziBridge of Sighs Wrought iron Bridge

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consistent with the land development ordinance and the comprehensive plan. Planning and Zoning staff members work in partnership with citizen boards, commissions, community groups and City Council to balance the needs of residents, business owners, and visitors. The zoning of Venice have divided into fourteen of the city’s zoning districts.

Residential Single Family (SF-1), (RSF-2), (RSF-3), (RSF-4): Variation among the four RFS districts concern lot area, width and certain yards.

Residential, Multi Family (RMF-1), (RMF-2), (RMF-3), (RMF-4): The permitted uses are the same in all RMF districts, but uses permissible by special exceptions vary, with more dense residential uses providing for more special exceptions.

Commercial, Business District (CBD): Is intended to be applied only to that area which forms the city’s center for financial, commercial, governmental, professional, cultural and associated activities.

Commercial, General (CG): Is intended for general commercial activity;

Commercial, Shopping Center (CSC): Is intended to encourage the development of planned commercial facilities with depth rather than strip-type commercial development.

Industrial, Light and Warehousing (ILW): Is intended for light manufacturing, processing, storage and warehousing, wholesaling and distribution.

Office, Professional, and Institutional (OPI): Is intended for professional and business offices and institutional, cultural and allied uses. The OPI district is designed to be compatible with residential uses.

Commercial, Intensive (CI): Is intended for intensive, highly automotive-oriented uses that require a conspicuous and accessible location convenient to streets carrying large volumes of traffic.

Sewage System of Venice Italy Venice is very unique in terms of its sewage disposal; the canals are the main way waste is disposed of in Venice, though new technology has improved the sewage aspect of Venice's infrastructure.

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Utilities in Venice exposed by an Insula maintenance project

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However, bringing a more modern, efficient sewage disposal system to Venice is a challenge that currently has many obstacles. The city does not have a complete modern sewage system, meaning its canals are also its sewer system. This poses some obvious health and sanitation concerns.

Modern DayThe main sewage disposal system in Venice today continues to be the canals and naturally occurring tides. As new technology has become available, newer forms of sewage disposal have been implemented. However, these changes have not been made throughout the whole city, and not uniformly to all of Venice's buildings, so the current sewage disposal system is a patchwork of old and new and still does not fully function to the city's needs. The edges of the physical city and the peripheral islands, such as the areas of St. Helena, Giudecca, Santa Marta, and Murano, have more modern networks of sewage disposal, but many still dispose directly into the lagoon's waters. A central sewage treatment plant was built in Porto Marghera in the 1980s, but it is far removed from the main center of the city of Venice. Sewage is removed and treated there when possible, but some sewage continues to enter directly into the canals. Venice has 140 small biological plants installed throughout the city for waste treatment, and more than 6,000 septic tanks. Private residences and businesses such as hotels are required to have their own septic tanks in Venice to help alleviate some of the problems caused by sewage, but the sheer number of people and amount of sewage plus the outdated sewage systems have been causing a variety of problems in Venice.

Acqua Alta Acqua alta (Italian: 'high water') is the term used in Veneto for the exceptional tide peaks that occur periodically in the northern Adriatic Sea. The peaks reach their maximum in

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An outlet of a gatolo in Venice

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the Venetian Lagoon, where they cause partial flooding of Venice and Chioggia; flooding also occurs elsewhere around the northern Adriatic, for instance at Grado and Trieste, but much less often and to a lesser degree. The phenomenon occurs mainly between autumn and spring, when the astronomical tides are reinforced by the prevailing seasonal winds which hamper the usual reflux. The main winds involved are the sirocco, which blows northbound along the Adriatic Sea, and the bora, which has a specific local effect due to the shape and location of the Venetian lagoon.

Conclusion (Present City)The Venice Italy city seem like “Prefect City” to live but the water level is increasing day by day and soon the Venice city will become 1part of ocean.

There are some characteristics that I hope can designed as my “X city” which are:

The foundation of Venice city

The modern of transportation

The Technology of bridge construction

Zoning and structure of Venice city

The sewer systems of Venice still can be improve. The Acqua Alta will be the main problem to my “X” city which are floating on city but in this era, every can be possible to complete.

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Investigation & Data Collection:The future and Better City

The concept of Floating City Project (A fresh start on a floating city could be just a few years away)For five years, The Sea steading Institute has been conducting research into the potential for permanent, innovative communities – floating at sea. We are now able to apply this foundation of knowledge and our network towards an actual design, along with additional efforts to determine specific needs and desires of potential customers, and to select a practical location for what could become the world’s first city at sea.

Phase IThe Floating City Project combines principles of both sea steading and startup cities, by seeking to locate a floating city within the territorial waters of an existing nation. Historically, The Sea steading Institute has looked to international waters for the freedom to establish new nations and spur competitive governance from the outside. However, there are several reasons we are now seeking a host nation: a) It is less expensive to engineer a sea stead for relatively calm, shallow waters compared with the open ocean outside of territorial waters.b) It will be easier for residents to travel to and from the sea stead, as well as to acquire goods and services from existing supply chains; andc) A host nation will provide a place for a floating city within the existing international legal framework, with the associated protections and responsibilities. The following represent our current core focuses, which we anticipate to span no later than the end 2014:

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Floating City Project Phase I (COMPLETE) – Our detailed report demonstrates the feasibility – from market demand to safety and to construction costs – of a floating city.

Crowdfunding a floating city design (COMPLETE) - We have partnered with Dutch aquatic urban design firm, Delta Sync, to engineer a novel architectural sea stead design, and successfully crowd funded over $27,000 for this component. The report and calculation model are available for download below.

Surveying potential customers at floating-city.org (ONGOING) – We are continuing to gather data from potential floating city residents and business owners using a survey housed at floating-city.org. This survey measures the preferences and demands of future pioneers – including full- and part-time residents as well as time-share holders. Please take a minute to participate in this stage and fill out the brief survey.

Exploring floating city designs (COMPLETE) – We investigated both the Delta Sync design and a semi-submersible alternative (view research here), and determined that Delta Sync’s concept is better adapted for the strategy of the Floating City Project, which encourages early sea steads to form within protected waters. In the future it will be important to do additional research on various components of Delta Sync’s design.

Honing the location – Our geopolitical and oceanographic experts investigated practical locations for a free city at sea. Our in-house team is now actively engaged in diplomacy with host nations, making the case that hosting an autonomous sea stead city in their territorial waters would produce significant economic, social, and environmental benefits for their citizens. Our work was partially based off of our existing location study published in November of 2011.

The first floating city with significant political autonomy may be established by 2020. The key findings of Floating City Project report are: 1. A market for a residential sea stead exists,2. A practical design can be built to match the market’s price point, and

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3. It is likely that the Sea steading Institute can reach a deal with a host nation willing to grant a floating city substantial political independence.

Phase IIIn consultation with experts, we are advancing on all four aspects of Phase II, which include: 

Enhancing our novel sea stead designs, which includes wave tank testing and acquiring more detailed financial calculations;

Deepening our diplomatic negotiations with potential host nations;

  Collecting potential resident feedback; Prospecting investors.

What would it take to build a semi-submersible sea stead community?

One promising sea stead design based in existing technology is the semi-submersible – a very stable floating platform, most often used in the offshore drilling industry. Our engineering team, led by George Petrie, set out to determine the feasibility of this design for an early sea stead platform in terms of costs and logistics, while factoring in the necessary amenities to sustain a small residential and commercial community. The study is part of our Floating City Project, but is not the only design under consideration. We are also partnering with Dutch aquatic urban design firm, Delta Sync, to engineer a novel architectural sea stead design. We

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will release the design in the fall of 2013.The top-side residential and commercial space was designed by naval architect Lina Suarez.

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Self-sustaining life support system The Sabatier reaction or Sabatier process was discovered by the French chemist Paul Sabatier in the 1910s. It involves the reaction of hydrogen with carbon dioxide at elevated temperatures (optimally 300–400 °C) and pressures in the presence of a nickel catalyst to produce methane and water.

Optionally, ruthenium on alumina (aluminum oxide) makes a more efficient catalyst. It is described by the following exothermic reaction:

CO2 + 4 H2 → CH4 + 2 H2O + energy∆H = −165.0 kJ/mol(Some initial energy/heat is required to start the reaction)

Ignoring other results of respiration, this cycle looks like:

2 H2O → O2 + 2 H2 → (respiration) → CO2 + 2 H2 + 2 H2 (added) → 2 H2O + CH4 (discarded)The loop could be further closed if the waste methane was separated into its component parts by pyrolysis:

CH4 + heat ¡ú C + 2 H2

The released hydrogen would then be recycled back into the Sabatier reactor, leaving an easily removed deposit of paralytic graphite. The reactor would be little more than a steel pipe, and could be periodically serviced by an astronaut where the deposit is chiseled out.

The Bosch reaction is also being investigated for this purpose. Though the Bosch reaction would present a completely closed hydrogen and oxygen cycle which only produces atomic carbon as waste, difficulties maintaining its higher required temperature and properly handling carbon

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deposits mean significantly more research will be required before a Bosch reactor could become a reality. One problem is that the production of elemental carbon tends to foul the catalyst's surface, which is detrimental to the reaction's efficiency.

Maglev Maglev (derived from magnetic levitation) is a method of transportation that uses magnetic levitation to carry vehicles with magnets rather than with wheels, axles and bearings. With maglev, a vehicle is levitated a short distance away from a guide way using magnets to create both lift

and propulsion.

Maglev trains move more smoothly and somewhat more quietly than wheeled transit systems. Their non-reliance on traction and friction means that acceleration and deceleration can surpass that of wheeled transports, and they are unaffected by weather. The power needed for levitation is typically not a large percentage of the overall energy consumption; most of the power is used to overcome air resistance (drag), as with any other high-speed form of transport. Although conventional wheeled transportation can travel very quickly, a maglev system allows routine use of higher top speeds than doe’s conventional rail, and it is this type which holds the speed record for rail transportation. Vacuum tube train systems might hypothetically allow maglev trains to attain speeds in a different order of magnitude. While no such tracks have been built commercially yet, there are efforts being made to study and develop "super-maglev" trains.

Electromagnetic Suspension (EMS)If you've ever played with magnets, you know that opposite poles attract and like poles repel each other. This is the basic principle behind electromagnetic propulsion. Electromagnets are similar to other magnets in that they attract metal objects, but the magnetic pull is temporary. As you can read about in How Electromagnets Work, you can easily create a small electromagnet yourself by connecting the ends of a

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copper wire to the positive and negative ends of an AA, C or D-cell battery. This creates a small magnetic field. If you disconnect either end of the wire from the battery, the magnetic field is taken away.

The magnetic field created in this wire-and-battery experiment is the simple idea behind a maglev train rail system. There are three components to this system:

A large electrical power source Metal coils lining a guide way or track Large guidance magnets attached to the underside of the

Train

The big difference between a maglev train and a conventional train is that maglev trains do not have an engine -- at least not the kind of engine used to pull typical train cars along steel tracks. The engine for maglev trains is rather inconspicuous. Instead of using fossil fuels, the magnetic field created by the electrified coils in the guide way walls and the track combine to propel the train.

Vactrain A vactrain (or vacuum tube train) is a proposed design for very-high-speed rail transportation. It is a maglev (magnetic levitation) line using evacuated (air-less) or partly evacuated tubes or tunnels. The lack of air resistance could permit vactrains to travel at very high speeds—up to 4,000–5,000 mph (6,400–8,000 km/h), which is 5–6 times the speed of sound—using relatively little power. Vactrains might use gravity to assist their acceleration. If these trains achieve the predicted speeds, the trip between Beijing and New York would take less than 2 hours, surpassing aircraft as the world's fastest mode of public transportation. However, without major advances in tunneling and other technology, vactrains would be prohibitively expensive. In 2010, Researchers at Southwest Jiaotong University in China were developing a vactrain to reach speeds of 1,000 km/h (620 mph). They say the technology could be put into operation by 2020.

Genetically Modified CropsThe term GM foods or GMOs (genetically-modified organisms) is most commonly

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used to refer to crop plants created for human or animal consumption using the latest molecular biology techniques. These plants have been modified in the laboratory to enhance desired traits such as increased resistance to herbicides or improved nutritional content. The enhancement of desired traits has traditionally been undertaken through breeding, but conventional plant breeding methods can be very time consuming and are often not very accurate. Genetic engineering, on the other hand, can create plants with the exact desired trait very rapidly and with great accuracy. For example, plant geneticists can isolate a gene responsible for drought tolerance and insert that gene into a different plant. The new genetically-modified plant will gain drought tolerance as well. Not only can genes be transferred from one plant to another, but genes from non-plant organisms also can be used. The best known example of this is the use of B.T. genes in corn and other crops. B.T., or Bacillus thuringiensis, is a naturally occurring bacterium that produces crystal proteins that are lethal to insect larvae. B.T. crystal protein genes have been transferred into corn, enabling the corn to produce its own pesticides against insects such as the European corn borer.

What are some of the advantages of GM crops?

The world population has topped 6 billion people and is predicted to double in the next 50 years. Ensuring an adequate food supply for this booming population is going to be a major challenge in the years to come. GM foods promise to meet this need in a number of ways:

Pest resistance

Crop losses from insect pests can be staggering, resulting in devastating financial loss for farmers and starvation in developing countries. Farmers typically use many tons of chemical pesticides annually. Consumers do not wish to eat food that has been treated with pesticides because of potential health hazards, and run-off of agricultural wastes from excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers can poison the water supply and cause harm to the environment. Growing GM foods such as B.T. corn can help eliminate the application of chemical pesticides and reduce the cost of bringing a crop to market.

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Herbicide tolerance

For some crops, it is not cost-effective to remove weeds by physical means such as tilling, so farmers will often spray large quantities of different herbicides (weed-killer) to destroy weeds, a time-consuming and expensive process that requires care so that the herbicide doesn't harm the crop plant or the environment. Crop plants genetically-engineered to be resistant to one very powerful herbicide could help prevent environmental damage by reducing the amount of herbicides needed. For example, Monsanto has created a strain of soybeans genetically modified to be not affected by their herbicide product Roundup. A farmer grows these soybeans which then only require one application of weed-killer instead of multiple applications, reducing production cost and limiting the dangers of agricultural waste run-off.

Disease resistance

There are many viruses, fungi and bacteria that cause plant diseases. Plant biologists are working to create plants with genetically-engineered resistance to these diseases.

Cold tolerance Unexpected frost can destroy sensitive seedlings.

An antifreeze gene from cold water fish has been introduced into plants such as tobacco and potato. With this antifreeze gene, these plants are able to tolerate cold temperatures that normally would kill unmodified seedlings. (Note: I have not been able to find any journal articles or patents that involve fish antifreeze proteins in strawberries, although I have seen such reports in newspapers. I can only conclude that nothing on this application has yet been published or patented.)

Drought tolerance/salinity tolerance

As the world population grows and more land is utilized for housing instead of food production, farmers will need to grow crops in locations previously unsuited for plant cultivation. Creating plants that can withstand long periods of drought or high salt content in soil and groundwater will help people to grow crops in formerly inhospitable places.

Nutrition

Malnutrition is common in third world countries where impoverished peoples rely on a single crop such as rice for the main staple of their diet.

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However, rice does not contain adequate amounts of all necessary nutrients to prevent malnutrition. If rice could be genetically engineered to contain additional vitamins and minerals, nutrient deficiencies could be alleviated. For example, blindness due to vitamin A deficiency is a common problem in third world countries. Researchers at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Institute for Plant Sciences have created a strain of "golden" rice containing an unusually high content of beta-carotene (vitamin A). Since this rice was funded by the Rockefeller Foundation, a non-profit organization, the Institute hopes to offer the golden rice seed free to any third world country that requests it. Plans were underway to develop a golden rice that also has increased iron content. However, the grant that funded the creation of these two rice strains was not renewed, perhaps because of the vigorous anti-GM food protesting in Europe, and so this nutritionally-enhanced rice may not come to market at all.

Pharmaceuticals

Medicines and vaccines often are costly to produce and sometimes require special storage conditions not readily available in third world countries. Researchers are working to develop edible vaccines in tomatoes and potatoes. These vaccines will be much easier to ship, store and administer than traditional injectable vaccines.

Pneumatic TubePneumatic tubes (or capsule pipelines; also known as Pneumatic Tube Transport or PTT) are systems that propel cylindrical containers through a network of tubes by compressed air or by partial vacuum. They are used for transporting solid objects, as opposed to conventional pipelines, which transport fluids. Pneumatic tube networks gained acceptance in the late 19th and early 20th centuries for offices

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that needed to transport small, urgent packages (such as mail or money) over relatively short distances (within a building, or, at most within a city). Some installations grew to great complexity, but were mostly superseded. In some settings, such as hospitals, they remain widespread and have been further extended and developed in recent decades.

The technology is still used on a smaller scale. While its use for communicating information has been superseded, pneumatic tubes are widely used for transporting small objects, or where convenience and speed in a local environment is useful. In the United States, drive-up banks often use pneumatic tubes to transport cash and documents between cars and tellers. Most hospitals have a computer-controlled pneumatic tube system to deliver drugs, documents and specimens to and from laboratories and nurses' stations. Many factories use them to deliver parts quickly across large campuses. Many larger stores use systems to securely transport excess cash from checkout stands to back offices, and to send change back to cashiers. NASA's original Mission Control Center had pneumatic tubes connecting controller consoles with staff support rooms. Denver International Airport uses many pneumatic tube systems, including a 25 cm diameter system for moving aircraft parts to remote concourses, a 10 cm system for United Airlines ticketing, and a robust system in the parking toll collection system with an outlet at every booth.

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The plasma field First, what is plasma? Plasma is one of the four fundamental states of matter, the others being solid, liquid, and gas. A plasma has properties which are unlike those of the other states. A plasma can be created by heating a gas or subjecting it to a strong electromagnetic field applied with a laser or microwave generator. This reduces or increases the number of electrons, creating positive or negative charged particles called ions, and is accompanied by the dissociation of molecular bonds, if present. Plasma is loosely described as an electrically neutral medium of positive and negative particles (i.e. the overall charge of a plasma is roughly zero). It is important to note that although they are unbound, these particles are not ‘free’Plasma temperature is commonly measured in Kelvins or electron volts and is, informally, a measure of the thermal kinetic energy per particle. Very high temperatures are usually needed to sustain ionization, which is a defining feature of a plasma. Inertial electrostatic confinement is a branch of fusion research which uses an electric field to heat a plasma to fusion conditions. Electric fields can do work on charged particles (either ions or electrons), heating them to fusion conditions.

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Image of ionized deuterium in an IEC reactor. Image shows with high clarity the characteristic pinkish-red glow of ionized deuterium.

Schematic from Philo Farnsworth 1968 patent. This device has an inner cage to make the field, and four ion guns on the outside.

Fusion for the Future: ITER

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Biomass energy (renewable recourses)

Biomass is biological material derived from living, or recently living organisms. It most often refers to plants or plant-based materials which are specifically called lignocellulose biomass. As an energy source, biomass can either be used directly via combustion to produce heat, or indirectly after converting it to various forms of biofuel. Conversion of biomass to biofuel can be achieved by different methods which are broadly classified into: thermal, chemical, and biochemical methods.

Wood remains the largest biomass energy source to date; examples include forest residues (such as dead trees, branches and tree stumps), yard clippings, wood chips and even municipal solid waste. In the second sense, biomass includes plant or animal matter that can be converted into fibers or other industrial chemicals, including biofuels. Industrial biomass can be grown from numerous types of plants, including miscanthus, switch grass, hemp, corn, poplar, willow, sorghum, sugarcane, bamboo, and a variety of tree species, ranging from eucalyptus to oil palm (palm oil).

Thermal conversion processes use heat as the dominant mechanism to convert biomass into another chemical form. The basic alternatives of combustion (torrefaction, pyrolysis, and gasification) are separated principally by the extent to which the chemical reactions involved are allowed to proceed (mainly controlled by the availability of oxygen and conversion temperature).

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Inspiration of my ‘X’ city

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THE RISING ATLANTIS:SAINT HEAVEN (THE END OF APOCALYPSE)

Ocean is a sacred place to all kind of beings. Without ocean, there is nothing left. I name my city as Saint Heaven because it represents a new beginning of history, a hope from despair, rising from the doom. Saint Means a person acknowledged as holy or virtuous and typically regarded as being in heaven after death. In the name of Saint Heaven, like an angel from heaven who has been ordered to save all kinds of living. The Saint heaven has been designed according to what humans need. It withstand anything kind of nature disaster such as earthquake, Tsunami and etc. It was built on the surface of water by using submarine concept. The Saint Heaven can be divided in 4 part which are the “The Island”, “Protector”, “The Idea” and the airport. The bridge for airport is the further then the “The Idea” and the watch tower is nearer to the main city. This is to avoid the sound pollution break the peaceful of the main city. The Airport had longest bridge because it need to ensure the security of the main city is safe and prevent the intruder come into main city. When the something happened, the bridge will be turn off and block the way.

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The Island

T I (The Idea)

AirPort

Gaps and second check point before enter the main city.

ENBE | Final Project | Part A – Report | The Better Livable Town Representation

The Island (main city)The Island was built by using the radial concept. At the middle of the “The Island” is the guardian which are main tower of the city and surrounded by the residential area. Government area was built beside the guardian and the only way to enter guardian is using the bridge where connected to the government area. The big cone shapes are representing every single area. The residential area was surrounded by the commercial and business area, hospital, recreational area, religious and culture area, education area and the hall (place to host the event). The main transportation for the Saint Heaven is the maglev train where the small circle next the main city. Another half circle is the garden walkway. The garden walkway consists thousands of plants and flowers along the walkway. There are three main bridge which are connect the main city to the watch tower, industrial area and airport.

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Recreational area

Education

Religious & Cultures area

Tunnel To underground

Business& commercial area

Hospital

Guardian

Transportation

Garden Walkway

Main Bridge

Main Bridge

Residential area

Government area

Police& Army

Hall and customer service center

ENBE | Final Project | Part A – Report | The Better Livable Town Representation

The Concept and design of the Saint Heaven

The Radial concept. The focal point of the main city is the Guardian where at the middle and it surrounded by the residential area. There are 7 residential area and it been divided according to your profession and what you need. Residential area be designed and built around the middle of the city. This is to increase the safety of the citizen because the safety of the citizens are the primary element and first objective that we are pay more attentions in Saint Heaven. When something emergency happened, the citizens can use the tunnel where constructed in every residential area immediately.

The Cone

Why is Cone shape using as the roof design? This is to suit the design solar panel. The roof of 6 areas were installed with the solar panels. The solar panel had to be slant to increase the area receiving sunlight and prevent the Sekisui (water drop).Another function is

easy to collect the water drop in one point. This one of the precaution step when lack of water.

The Solar panel and be open when the sunlight is not very strong. This is bring citizens more

closer to the environment.

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ENBE | Final Project | Part A – Report | The Better Livable Town Representation

Each of the area have a tunnel to the transportation.

The Zoning of “The Island”.

Secondly objective is to create a good environment to the citizens. The reactional, hospital and the religious area have the bigger area compare with the business, hall and education area. Those area were built around the residential area. This is to easy the citizens reach the area for example, a teacher will be easier when he or she is live near to education area. Even

though the place she live is very far from religious area, but the transportation is very convenience and faster, it only need 5 minutes to reach the another site of city.

The two areas beside the guardian where I indicate with white circle are the area is to maintain and repair the guardian. Guardian is the main “control room” of main city and it must always in good condition. The guardian connect to the underground along through the propeller. The guardian controls the electrical system, drainage system, water and oxygen supply, food transport and act as the detector. The guardian is protected by the

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Second Floor Bridge

Agricultural area

ENBE | Final Project | Part A – Report | The Better Livable Town Representation

government and cover with high walls. The government area is at the right of the guardian. There are two floor of the government areas. Ground floor is deference area where the police and army are. The second floor is government area where the only way to go guardian. The Bridge of watch tower and industrial area are directly connected to the government area.

The Protector The “Protector”, known as observer tower. It is a combination of observer tower and the agricultural area. The ground floor is agricultural area where are using GMC method. The GMC method can produce a lot of food in a short time. (Refer to page 38 and 39)The upper floor is the observer area and the Plasma Field generator is between the Observer areas. As we know, the Plasma field is high temperature force that can burn and melt everything in a sec. (Refer to page 41)

The plasma field will open from the top of the Saint Heaven like raining until the sea level.

The agricultural area is below the observer area.

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Ground Floor

Observer Tower Plasma Field Generator

Bridge

Industrial area

Dam

Converter and Purifier

Research, Invention and technology area

ENBE | Final Project | Part A – Report | The Better Livable Town Representation

The Tunnel is transport and carry the food along through the guardian. The guardian will send the food. The tunnel is one way only when the food can be transport to guardian but cannot reverse back. This is to ensure the food can only be transport to but cannot back.

The Idea

“The Idea” is the key to open future door. “The Idea” combines the industrial area and the research, invention and technology area together. The Industrial area have the cylinder building. The one of the main task for the industrial area is producing the biomass energy. The research, invention and technology area is keep update and upgrade the technical elements of the city.

The dam have 2 area. First is the portrait and other is the landscape. The landscape arrangement of dam have bigger area then portrait because landscape is more effective. Portrait dam is to receive the wave when it hits on portrait dam

Choo Zi Zhao | 0320498 | Miss Ida| FNBE AUG 2014 | Taylor’s University54

Portrait and landscape Dam arrangement Converter

ENBE | Final Project | Part A – Report | The Better Livable Town Representation

and it vibrate back. This is to create the larger surface area of wave hitting. Another portrait area is connect with the converter.

The converter is to converter the water (H20) into oxygen (O2) and hydrogen (H+)

which can be used as fuel

for transportation.

The tunnel from guardian to “The Idea” is only 1 way. Transfer the wastes to “The Idea”.The Ring is to purify the water into clear water

and store the extra water for emergency purpose.

The Airport

The airport is the only one platform where connected to outside. The airport have many layers. The top layer is for airplane and middle is for helicopter. The mainly purpose is for helicopters.

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Research, Invention& technology area

Water go inside by the gaps

ENBE | Final Project | Part A – Report | The Better Livable Town Representation

The bridge of the connected with one of the tunnel but it been redesigned as a blocker to ensure “The Island” is safe. The tunnel have bigger radius then other two bridge because it is two ways. It can be in or out.

1. Conclusion(describe what was important and others should follow or perhaps should know and what did you learned)

Max 3 paragraph.. not more that 150 words

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ENBE | Final Project | Part A – Report | The Better Livable Town Representation

2. Reference Links

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