Enbe final project proposal

ENBE | Final Project | Part A – Report | The Better Liveable Town Representation

Better Townships Of The Future

-Z Y P R E X A-

Cheok Jian Shuang | 0320089

FNBE AUG 2014 | Taylor’s University

Cheok Jian Shuang | 0320089 |Ms. Iffa| FNBE AUG 2014 | Taylor’s University ! 1

Z

YP X


Content: 1. Introduction

2. A Town

3. Investigation & Data Collection: Ancient city- Mohenjo-daro, Parkistan

4. Investigation & Data Collection: The present city- Kowloon, Hong Kong

5. Investigation & Data Collection: The future and better township- Masdar Green City, Abu Dhabi

6. The New “X” Town : Zyprexa

7. The Conclusion

8. References list



1.Introduction

For our final ENBE project, we as the mayor of the “X” town. The people in “X” town require a new town as the reasons that it no longer liveable. As a mayor, we need to propose a new layout for the new “X” town very quickly. In a group of 5, we need to choose one of the following options as our new “X” town, which is:

i. An underground town

ii. An underwater town

iii. A floating on water town

iv. A town in the air

v. On land next to a river or sea

Besides that, we are also required to establish certain conditions and rules as follows:

i. The size of the propose town should smaller than 70km². Therefore, new proposed town should be between 20 - 40 km²

ii. The population of the town should be in between 150,000 - 300,000.

iii. The people of “X” town are all Malaysians.

In addition, we have to include the followings below in the city planning:

i. The geometric shape, form, pattern, hierarchy, system and structure of the town.

ii. The main focus of the town.

iii. The zoning of the town.

iv. The people, population, social issues, activities, food distribution, culture and religion

v. Transportation and networking.

vi. Infrastructure, utility, services and amenities.

vii. Sustainable initiative and climate change consideration and resilience.

viii. Other services.



2.The Town

2.1. “Town”

• A built-up area with a name, defined boundaries, and local government, that is larger than a village and generally smaller than a city.

• The central part of a neighbourhood, with its business or shopping area.What is the brief history.

• Densely populated areas, especially as contrasted with the country or suburbs.

• Settlement hierarchy:



2.2. What makes a good town?

• Fixed transit, preferably rail, above and below ground. Subways along all major travel corridors; buses or trams on all secondary corridors.

Fixed-rail transit helps to guide development and keep the streets busy. When development happens around fixed-transit, it is easy to get around on foot because everything is closer together.

• Mixed-use, mixed-income neighbourhoods

Mixed-use neighbourhoods solve many urban ills. By intermingling commercial, residential, and civic functions in the same neighbourhoods, you reduce dependence on automotive transport, since destination facilities are always close at hand.

Mixed-income neighbourhoods not only increase urban variety by mixing types and sizes of housing; they also increase the cohesiveness of a community.

• Buildings of different age, condition, and size

The mix serves to provide residential dwelling units of different size, condition and price making it so the neighbourhood is mixed economically and providing places for both the business owner and grocery clerk to live.

• Living spaces everywhere

When the places people live are spread throughout the town, many will choose to live near where they work. Stores will locate where people live. Many small stores will serve to supplement or even replace larger stores.

• Lots of people coming and going (immigrants, people moving in from other places, and people moving out to other towns)

A certain stability is good for a town, but an influx and out box is even more important. It can lead to economic growth when a person with a background in say metal fabricating leaves and initiates activities elsewhere or gains knowledge that will improve processes or establish new markets. People leaving a town sends out messengers with the knowledge needed to make it part of activities elsewhere.



3.Investigation & Data Collection:

Ancient City:

Mohenjo-daro, Parkistan

3.1. Overview

Mohenjo-daro (Mound of the Dead) is an archeological site in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. Built around 2600 BCE, it was one of the largest settlements of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization, and one of the world's earliest major urban settlements,

contemporaneous with the civilizations of ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Crete. Mohenjo-daro was abandoned in the 19th century BCE, and was not rediscovered until 1922. The site is currently threatened by erosion and improper restoration.

Cock-fighting may have had ritual and religious significance for the city, with domesticated chickens bred there for sacred purposes, rather than as a food source. Mohenjo-daro may have been a point of diffusion for the eventual worldwide domestication of chickens.

Mohenjo-daro is located in the Larkana District of Sindh, Pakistan, on a Pleistocene ridge in the middle of the flood plain of the Indus River Valley, around 28 kilometres (17 mi) from the town of Larkana. The ridge was prominent during the time of the Indus Valley Civilization, allowing the city to stand above the surrounding plain, but the flooding of the river has since buried most of the ridge in deposited silt. The site occupies a central position between the Indus River and the Ghaggar-Hakra River. The Indus still flows to the east of the site, but the riverbed of the Ghaggar-Hakra on the western side is now dry.



3.2. History

Mohenjo-daro was built in the 26th century BCE. It was one of the largest cities of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization, also known as the Harappan Civilization, which developed around 3000 BCE from the prehistoric Indus culture.

At its height, the Indus Civilization spanned much of what is now Pakistan and North India, extending westwards to the Iranian border, south to Gujarat in India and northwards to an outpost in Bactria, with major urban centers at Harappa, Mohenjo-daro, Lothal, Kalibangan, Dholavira and Rakhigarhi.

Mohenjo-daro was the most advanced city of its time, with remarkably sophisticated civil engineering and urban planning. When the Indus civilization went into sudden decline around 1900 BCE, Mohenjo-daro was abandoned.

3.3. Significance Features

3.3.1 Material Used

Mohenjo-daro was an extremely well-planned city that was laid out in grid like formation. It was divided roughly into 2 areas: A fortress-type area called “The Citadel”, to the west and the lower city to the east. It spread over about 250 acres and is the embodiment of the early world sophistication.

The buildings of Mohenjo-daro were mostly made of either 2 types of mud bricks, kiln fired or burnt mortared bricks and sun dried unfired mud bricks, or wooden bricks which were both created by using burnt wood ash. The bricks throughout the city ware in the uniform dimension of 28*14*7 centimetres.

Over the centuries, the need for wood for brick-making denuded the country side and this may have contributed to the downfall of Mohenjo-daro. In addition to that, brick walls have to be rebuilt each generation. Now only sixty years after its discovery, the city is literally falling into pieces as it is threatened by mineral salts, in particular sodium sulphate in the form of ground water. The walls were originally plastered with mud, no doubt to reduce the detritus effect of the salts that are contained by the bricks and react destructively to varying heat and humidity.


Mud bricksBaked bricks


3.3.2 Architectures

The “Great Bath”

The "Great Bath" is without doubt the earliest public water tank in the ancient world. The tank itself measures approximately 12 meters north-south and 7 meters wide, with a maximum depth of 2.4 meters.

The floor of the tank is water tight due to finely fitted bricks laid on edge with gypsum plaster and the side walls were constructed in a similar manner. To make the tank even more water tight, a thick layer of bitumen (natural tar) was laid along the sides of the tank and presumably also beneath the floor.

Brick colonnades were discovered on the eastern, northern and southern edges. The preserved columns have stepped edges that may have held wooden screens or window frames. Two large doors lead into the complex from the south and other access was from the north and east.

A series of rooms are located along the eastern edge of the building and in one room is a well that may have supplied some of the water needed to fill the tank. Rainwater also may have been collected for this purposes, but no inlet drains have been found.

Most scholars agree that this tank would have been used for special religious functions where water was used to purify and renew the well being of the bathers.



The “Great Granary”

A granary is a structure for the storage and preservation of grain, and the people of Mohenjo-Daro had a big one. The people of Mohenjo-Daro may have used their granary as a community bank for their harvested grains, much as we use banks today. A granary has been found which the largest building of the Mohenjo-daro is. This granary is divided into 27 rooms of different size and shape.

3.3.3 Drainage and Sewerage System

Mohenjo-daro was expertly planned city that flourished more than 4500 years ago. The city was built with a grid pattern of wide, straight streets. Thick walls surrounded the city. Many people lived in sturdy brick houses that had as many as three floors. Some houses had bathrooms and toilets that connected to the world’s first sewers. A system of canals provided a reliable source of water for growing wheat and barley. There is also evidence that people herded sheep, cattle and goats.




Present City:

KOWLOON, HONG KONG

4.1. Overview

Kowloon is an urban area in Hong Kong comrising the Kowloon Peninsula and New Kowloon. It is bordered by the Lei Yue Mun strait in the east, Mei Foo Sun Chuen and Stonecutter's Island in the west, the mountain range including Tate's Cairn and Lion Rock in the north, and Victoria Harbour in the south.

It had a population of 2,019,533 and a population density of 43,033/km² in 2006. Kowloon is located north of Hong Kong Island and south of the mainland part of the New Territories. The peninsula's area is approximately 47 square kilometres (18 sq mi). Together with Hong Kong Island, it contains 48 percent of Hong Kong's total population.



Kowloon is located north of Hong Kong Island and south of the mainland part of the New Territories. The peninsula's area is approximately 47 square kilometres. Together with Hong Kong Island, it contains 48 percent of Hong Kong's total population.

4.2. History

The name Kowloon stems from the nine dragons, a term which refers to eight mountains and a Chinese emperor: Kowloon Peak, Tung Shan, Tate's Cairn, Temple Hill, Unicorn Ridge, Lion Rock, Beacon Hill, Crow's Nest and Emperor Bing (Song Dynasty).

In modern day culture, however, New Kowloon is often not regarded as part

of the New Territories, but as an integral part of the Kowloon urban area on both sides of Boundary Street. For tax purposes, New Kowloon is not considered part of Kowloon and is part of the New Territories, as is reflected in the statutes. Properties in New Kowloon are subject to payment of land leases, as in the New Territories.

Large-scale development of Kowloon began in the early 20th century, with the construction of the Kowloon-Canton Railway and the Kowloon Wharf, but because of Kowloon's close proximity to Kai Tak Airport, building construction was limited by flight paths. As a result, compared to Hong Kong Island, Kowloon has a much lower skyline.




4.3.1 Harbour

Victoria Harbour is a natural landform harbour situated between Hong Kong Island and Kowloon in Hong Kong. Long famous for its spectacular views, the harbour is a major tourist attraction of Hong Kong. Lying in the middle of the territory's dense urban region, the harbour is the site of annual fireworks displays and its promenades are popular gathering places for tourists and residents.

Victoria Harbour is home to most of the port facilities of Hong Kong, making Hong Kong amongst the world's busiest. An average of 220,000 ships visit the harbour each year, including both ocean going vessels and river vessels, for both goods and passengers.

There is no bridge crossing the harbour, but there are three cross-harbour road tunnels:

i. Cross Harbour Tunnel (opened 1972)

ii. Eastern Harbour Crossing (1989)

iii. Western Harbour Crossing (1997)

The three tunnels act as important linkages between the Hong Kong Island and Kowloon.



4.3.2 Natural Resources

The natural resources of Kowloon can be divided into three main categories:

i. Metalliferous minerals and non-metalliferous industrial minerals in the onshore area

ii. Quarried rock and building stone

iii. Offshore sand deposits.

4.3.3 Environmental Issues

• Air and water pollution from rapid urbanisation

In 1989, the Hong Kong government realised that Hong Kong was in danger of becoming a vast, densely populated city. Due to the growth of the economy and business sectors, the water, waste and air pollution cause an adverse effect on the balance of ecology in Hong Kong.

Factories, farms and restaurants in the New Territories dump large amounts of sewage and even untreated waste into the streams and the sea. It makes the New Territories' streams be 'no better than open sewers’

• Extinction of natural species

The pink dolphin is one of the victims. Under threat from chemical pollution, increased sea traffic and the destruction of much of the natural shoreline for land reclamation, the number of pink dolphins has dramatically declined as the city continues to develop.

• Introduction of exotic species

Most of the introduced species do little harm to the ecology of Hong Kong. However, some species are invasive and cause massive damage to the ecology and/or economy of Hong Kong.

For example, the Pinewood Nematode from North America and Pine-needle Scale Insect from Taiwan, which together virtually eliminated the native Pinus massoniana in the 1970s and 80s.



4.3.4 Architecture

There are 1,223 skyscrapers in Hong Kong, which puts the city at the top of world rankings. It has more buildings higher than 500 feet (150 m) than any other city. The high density and tall skyline of Hong Kong's urban area is due to a lack of available sprawl space.

This lack of space causes demand for dense, high-rise offices and housing. Thirty-six of the world's 100 tallest residential buildings are in Hong Kong. More people in Hong Kong live or work above the 14th floor than anywhere else on Earth, making it the world's most vertical city.

More high-rise development is set to take place on the other side of Victoria Harbour in Kowloon, as the 1998 closure of the nearby Kai Tak Airport lifted strict height restrictions.




The Future & Better Township:

Masdar Green City, Abu Dhabi

5.1. Overview

Masdar City is an arcology project in Abu Dhabi, in the United Arab Emirates. Its core is a planned city, which is being built by Masdar, a subsidiary of Mubadala Development Company, with the majority of seed capital provided by the Government of Abu Dhabi. Designed by the British architectural firm Foster and Partners, the city relies on solar energy and other renewable energy sources. Masdar City is being constructed 17 kilometres (11 mi) east-south-east of the city of Abu Dhabi, beside Abu Dhabi International Airport.

Masdar City will host the headquarters of the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). The city is designed to be a hub for cleantech companies. Its first tenant is the Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, which has been operating in the city since it moved into its campus in September 2010.



5.2. Significance features

5.2.1 Layout & Architecture

Masdar City has terracotta walls decorated with arabesque patterns. From a distance, the city looks like a cube. The temperature in the streets is generally 15 to 20°C cooler than the surrounding desert. The temperature difference is due to Masdar's unique construction. A 45-meter high wind tower modeled on traditional Arab designs sucks air from above and pushes a cooling breeze through Masdar's streets.

The site is raised above the surrounding land to create a slight cooling effect. Buildings are clustered close together to create streets and walkways shielded from the sun.

Masdar City was designed by Foster and Partners. Foster's design team started its work by touring ancient cities such as Cairo and Muscat to see how they kept cool. Foster found that these cities coped with hot desert temperatures through shorter, narrower streets usually no longer than 70 meters. The buildings at the end of these streets create just enough wind turbulence to push air upwards, creating a flushing effect that cools the street.



5.2.2 Solar Panels Test Field

Photovoltaic panels will provide much of the electricity generated within Masdar City, so selecting the right technologies for Abu Dhabi’s climate is crucial. For example, some types of panels are less efficient in the UAE’s strong desert sun, while others may not perform well in the humid, sandy conditions prevalent during significant periods of the year.

As a result, one of the first test programmes to be inaugurated at Masdar City was the International PV Competition, which began in September 2008. Currently there are panels from more than 35 suppliers being tested for their energy yield, efficiency, ambient temperature effects, sand effects, etc. The results from the test fi eld help guide Masdar City in selecting the best PV modules for both roof and ground placement. The information is also shared with Abu Dhabi authorities to aid in their decisions regarding use of PV panels in the emirate.

At the completion of the first one-year cycle of testing, several companies’ panels were removed because of low performance. They were replaced by panels from some of the many other companies on a waiting list to be part of future rounds of testing.



5.2.3 Beam Down Project

The Beam Down Project - a joint pilot project of the Masdar Institute, Japan’s Cosmo Oil Company and the Tokyo Institute of Technology - takes the conventional Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) design and literally turns it on its head.

Most CSP plants use mirrors (heliostats) to direct the sun’s rays onto a receiver at the top of a central tower, heating a heat-transfer fluid (molten salt, oil or water), which then is used to generate steam for a steam turbine.

Managed by Masdar Institute, the Beam Down Plant has the potential to convert sunlight into electricity in a more efficient, lower-cost way than other technologies. By placing the receiver at the base of the tower (ground level), the thesis is that it will eliminate the energy loss resulting from pumping the fluid to an elevated receiver.

5.2.4 Material Recycling Centre

Masdar City is working to minimise waste during the construction process by seeking to reuse and recycle all waste steel, concrete and timber generated during building. In order to achieve this, nearly all Masdar City construction waste is brought by contractors to the onsite Material Recycling Centre (MRC) for separation and processing. The 12-hectare site is divided into areas for concrete, wood, metal and other materials, which then are made available for use by other contractors working on site.

Wood is segregated and stockpiled for reuse in building the city or processing in a wood chipper. Steel, other metals and plastics are collected and sent offsite for recycling. Concrete waste is ground down using a crusher for reuse in construction.



This material is particularly handy as infi ll, given the loose soil conditions at Masdar City.

In addition, excavated sand is being stockpiled (rather than trucked away as is common on UAE construction sites) for reuse as general backfi ll. Other materials such as gypsum board and damaged glass-reinforced concrete panels are being tested to see whether they can be recycled may be used as fuel in a future waste-to-energy plant.

5.2.5 Personal Rapid Transit System

The Personal Rapid Transit System (PRT) vehicles are air conditioned with wide comfortable cushioned seating that exceeds conventional public transport standards. The vehicle’s user control panel consists of an information screen and interfaces for the vehicle activation, intercom, doors, medical assistance and emergency stop.



Vehicles, which can travel at speeds up to 40kph on straightaways and 25kph on curves, are powered by a battery that recharges while vehicles are standing in the station between trips.

The driverless vehicles are controlled by an advanced navigation system; they use magnets embedded in the corridor know their position and onboard sensors to detect any obstacles in their path; a wireless connection keeps them linked to the central computer, which guides them on their journey and ensures smooth operation among all vehicles.

Three flatbed Freight Rapid Transit (FRT) vehicles will play the role of trucks and vans to transport deliveries to and from the Masdar Institute campus and its resident students and retailers, as well as the university itself. The FRTs also will transport waste from the campus for sorting and reuse or recycling.

5.2.6 “One Planet Living™” Programme

Masdar City will be the world’s first zero-carbon, zero-waste, car-free city. Through the “One Planet Living™” programme, a global initiative launched by WWF and environmental consultancy BioRegional, WWF will work with Masdar to ensure the city meets standards of sustainability which include specific targets for the city’s ecological footprint.

Masdar City plans to exceed the criteria of the programme, making it a global benchmark for sustainable urban development, based around One Planet Living’s 10 unique principles of sustainability.



Masdar Target (One Planet Living Principle): 1. ZERO CARBON 100 per cent of energy supplied by renewable energy – Photovoltaics, concentrated solar power, wind, waste to energy and other technologies

2. ZERO WASTE 99 per cent diversion of waste from landfill (includes waste reduction measures, re-use of waste wherever possible, recycling, composting, waste to energy)

3. SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT Zero carbon emissions from transport within the city; implementation of measures to reduce the carbon cost of journeys to the city boundaries (through facilitating and encouraging the use of public transport, vehicle sharing, supporting low emissions vehicle initiatives)

4. SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS Specifying high recycled materials content within building products; tracking and encouraging the reduction of embodied energy within material sand throughout the construction process; specifying the use of sustainable materials such as Forest Stewardship Council certified timber, bamboo and other products

5. SUSTAINABLE FOOD Retail outlets to meet targets for supplying organic food and sustainable and or fair trade products

6. SUSTAINABLE WATER Per capita water consumption to be at least 50 per cent less than the national average; all waste water to be re-used

7. HABITATS AND WILDLIFE All valuable species to be conserved or relocated with positive mitigation targets

8. CULTURE AND HERITAGE Architecture to integrate local values.

9. EQUITY AND FAIR TRADE Fair wages and working conditions for all workers (including construction) as defined by international labour standards

10. HEALTH AND HAPPINESS Facilities and events for every demographic group



5.2.7 Wind Tower

The Primary Purpose:

By adjusting the louvres, the tower can be “turned” to catch any prevailing winds and therefore “pull down” flowing air, sending it cascading into the plaza to provide a breeze which lowers the perceived temperatures by as much as 5 degrees celsius.

It works particularly well because of the deliberately narrow streets of Masdar City – designed that way to minimise the amount of direct sunlight that hits them. Being compact and narrow also means the breeze can be channeled more tightly, making it faster and more effective.

The LED lighting of the tower will change colours to let residents, students, professors and visitors know whether they are using too much energy in the Masdar Institute buildings or whether they are consuming energy at an appropriate level.



5.2.8 Membrane Bioreactor

Wastewater treatment at Masdar City is being provided by a membrane bioreactor(MBR) with a capacity of 1,500 cubic metres per day. The plant is already in use,serving the needs of Masdar’s temporary corporate offices, as well as MasdarInstitute buildings.

MBR is an increasingly popular wastewater treatment technology for reasons that also make it attractive to Masdar City. It has a compact footprint; it performs well in warm climates; it can be scaled up easily, and it produces an effluent suitable for reuse applications such as toilet flushing, district cooling and landscape watering.



6.The New “X” Town: Zyprexa 6.1. Overview

As urban areas become more congested and dense, it becomes more challenging for city dwellers to spend time outdoors, exercise and relax. Buildings tower over public parks, blocking out the sun, while city streets are polluted with particulate matter and exhaust from vehicles. To cope with the growing need for green urban space, Zyprexa, the exclusively new town, with area of 58.7 km², has been designed for the citizens of Malaysia which resembles a tree trunk with five floating platforms shaped like leaves.

The town’s tower has a height of 566m. Featuring five leaf-like platforms, the tower’s tree-like silhouette aims to reflect the local symbolism while serving as a model of green architecture. The dynamic platforms (recreational areas) are set in a zeppelin-like elevator formation, holding between 50 to 80 people at a given time. Built from light weight materials, they are self-sustained by helium balloons and are hoisted vertically in a strong electro-magnetic field.

Even though the floating platforms design was influenced by the sci-fi computer gaming culture, they are feasible and play a major role for the pathway of the town’s recreational areas (outdoors and indoors) by adding a new vertical dimension which give a 360° panoramic view.




6.2.1 Zoning

Zyprexa is divided into 10 main zones which bring benefits to all the citizens of it. The 10 zones include Religious & Cultural Areas, Residential & Community Areas, Commercial & Business Areas, Recreational Areas, Air Transport Station, Education Areas, Agriculture Buildings, the Government Building and the transportation routes of the lower tower which link to industrial areas. While the white-coloured zones are mainly for energy-controlling and conservation purposes.

Religious and Cultural Areas

The will be 8 main areas of religious and cultural. These areas include the combination of 4 main religions (Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism and Christianity) as Malaysia is a multicultural and multiconfessional country. As shown in the diagram above, these religious spots are just few miles away from the residential areas as well as commercial areas. The citizens can perform their prayers conveniently in Zyprexa.



Residential and Community Areas

The houses (in every particular area) of Zyprexa town are all linked together by a series of high-speed lanes. The technologies used are all high-tech yet eco-friendly which don’t pollute the environment of the town. Solar photovoltaic system will be one of the main source of energy for the whole shelter.

Solar photovoltaic systems are all installed above the houses which are all linked. Hence, the energy is transferable among the houses. The systems convert solar energy into useful energy form directly absorbing solar photons—particles of light that act as individual units of energy—and either converting part of the energy to electricity (as in a photovoltaic (PV) cell) or storing part of the energy in a chemical reaction (as in the conversion of water to hydrogen and oxygen).



Commercial and Business Areas

For commercial and business areas, solar photovoltaic systems will also be installed as residential areas.

Industrial Areas

Industrial areas in Zyprexa are further away from the tower itself which. These industrial areas are design to be further away from the tower, avoiding the chemical pollutants from entering the town. These areas are majority located at the end edge of the town, hence, the daily activities of the citizens wouldn’t be affected.

Inside the factories, this is equipment installed, usually “end of pipe”, to capture pollutants before they are released into air or water. The dust in the air is forced through filters before being released to the outdoors. The filters catch most of the dust, which is then removed for reuse, recycling or disposal. By installing this technology, we can reduce the rate of pollution until its maximum.

Recreational Areas

As stated above, the leaf-shaped platforms are literally the recreational areas and the only air transport station of Zyprexa town. The platforms are linked by 3 high-speed lanes that allow public or private vehicles moving to and fro.

One of the features in the recreational parks: “Time Capsule”

This system comprises of enclosed pedal pods that take up half the required energy of a racing bike, and could probably replace inter-city vehicles sometime down the road assuming governments have the political will to implement such a system. This weatherproof pod is able to hit a top speed of 56mph if you go all out, and the more people there are in a pod train, the more efficient it becomes.



Air Transport Station (ATS)

The biggest platform will be the Air Transport Station (ATS) which is turnable according to the plane’s coordination and location.

In order to meet the industry’s eco-efficiency goals, the driverless air buses achieve carbon neutral growth which cut down the emission of carbon dioxide by half when compared to the others.

In our town, passengers won’t have to pay for tickets. Intelligent Character Recognition (ICR), the newly introduced technology that allows software to interpret hand print of citizens in Zyprexa.

After the process above, passengers may pass through a security scanner frame. Once it’s all done, passengers are able to enjoy the free ride.

Education Areas



In Zyprexa town, we provide the best quality of education for different ages of students. Kindergartens, primary schools, secondary schools, colleges and universities are all built in 2 major areas only. All the teachings and tutorials will be either online or face-to-face teaching.

Students are allowed to self-study by using our own in-house software— “5 C’s to Success”. The “5 C’s” literally stands for Communicate, Create, Collaborate, Connect and Capture.

Agriculture Buildings

“Vertical Farming”

As populations continues to rise and space to grow food becomes limited, Zyprexa has an innovative mixed-use vertical farm concept in the works.

The “farm tower” is a residential high-rise building concept that provides the city with extra living space while producing vegetables daily that can be distributed to local markets. It also recycles the building’s gray water and black water through compact combustion and aquaponics, reusing and recycling valuable resources needed for operation.



Government Building

By eliminating the old “elevators concept”, the Government building in Zyprexa town has been upgraded by installing teleports. These teleports enables a person to travel instantaneously to another location might also require that person's information to travel at the speed of light. Teleports might increase the work efficiency and at the same time, duration to travel to another places can be shortened.



6.2.2 Facilities

• Public Transport

Straddling Bus

The "straddling bus" would roll on stilts above traffic using small tracks positioned between lanes of traffic while passengers get on and off at elevated bus stops. Even if additional people carrying capacity for urban roads, no disruption to traffic and no need to build completely independent track systems.

Superconducting Vacuum Trains

Superconducting vacuum trains are used as one of the transportations in Zyprexa. The Evacuated Tube Transport (ETT) system envisions superconducting maglev trains operating in evacuated tubes at speeds of up to 6,500 km/h (4,039 mph) on international trips - that's New York to Beijing in two hours!



Dynamics F-111

Instead of operating dozens of separate flights, the airlines in Zyprexa have giant aircraft carriers which able to accommodate more passenger at once. Besides that, the aircrafts will be using vertical take-off and landing techniques to reduce the space usage of the Air Transport Station (ATS).

• Unlimited Wi-Fi

People can’t live without internet connection nowadays. And so, Zyprexa offers LTE-Advanced wireless at 300 megabits per second—about four times faster than the country's existing record-high download speeds (even faster than the world’s fastest wireless connection country— South Korea). That's more than 50 times faster than the worldwide average broadband connection.

With the new lightning-fast network, citizens in Zyprexa able to download an 800-megabyte movie on their smartphone or tablets in just 22 seconds.



• “Shopping Wall”

Several pillars and all the platform screen doors of Zyprexa town have been plastered with images of life-size store shelves filled with goods -- such as milk, apples, a bag of rice or school backpacks -- which each carry a small barcode. Shoppers download a related application on their smartphone and make purchases by taking photos of the barcodes. The order you had placed when you go to work in the morning and can see the items delivered at home when you come home at night.

By using these “shopping walls”, the usage of spaces can be reduced as orders can be placed easily by scanning the barcodes, instead of going to shopping malls.



6.2.3 Layout

The most upper part of Zyprexa consists of several wind towers that channel chilled breeze straight into the town. Below the wind towers, there are recycling centre and Digital Fabrication Facility which able identify whether the material is recyclable. Once it’s approved, the material will be sent straight to the robotic cleaning and maintenance system to be recycled. For the middle part of the tower, there are reactive facades which are painted with Solar PV paints. Theses facades are able to respond to local climate conditions and triggers. Below theses facades will be the building membrane which converts carbon dioxide from surrounding into oxygen. The tower also consists of algae facade which produces biofuel. At the bottom of the tower, there are desalination plants which collect water from the sea (channeled from underground pipes) and then convert them into consumable water. To make transportation convenient, below the Zyprexa tower owns a underground transport hub which allows citizens to travel to another town. Since Zyprexa is a town by the sea, so the energy and power supply are mainly from the ocean wave and the sea breeze. Few electricity generators are installed on the surface of the ocean. The energy provided is mainly for desalination plants, power plants and water pumps.



Desalination Plants (Sea Water Collection & Recycling System)

There are 3 major parts (intake screening facility, pretreatment filters and reverse osmosis membrane units) which play an important role in desalination process.

i. What is “DESALINATION”?

Desalination (desal) is the process of removing dissolved salts and minerals from seawater or brackish water. It is also called desalting or by its shortened name, desal. Desalination produces drinking water and concentrate (the water that contains the salts that were removed in the desalination process, which is sometimes called brine). The dominant technology used in desalination today is reverse osmosis, which involves forcing water through semi-permeable membranes to remove salts and other impurities.



ii. How it works?

The diagram above shows the simplify process of desalination process that occurs in Zyprexa. The brine solution will be treated with more water to reduce salinity before it’s discharged back into the original source through discharge canal.


1. Sea water is pumped into “intake screening facility” to collect source seawater of adequate quantity and quality in a reliable and sustainable

fashion.

2. Sea water is then treated and filtered to remove debris,

sediment and other microscopic particles in pretreatment

process.

3. During reverse osmosis, salt water is pumped with high

pressure through semi-permeable membranes made of synthetic

materials that only allow water to pass, leaving salts and impurities behind in a solution called brine.

4. The fresh water goes through more filtration. The filtered water is pumped to municipalities and water supply districts for their fresh water

supply.


iii. Benefits

As approximately 97% water source of Zyprexa town is from the sea nearby , leaving very little fresh water to accommodate all of the citizens’ water needs. The increasing demand for water along with an increasing number of drought events means that many communities can no longer rely on a single source for water supply. By using desalination method, it can help relieve stress on existing conventional surface water and groundwater supply sources.

Seawater desalination is a viable option in coastal communities and is typically combined with water reuse and conservation to develop a local, sustainable water supply. Desalination is a more cost-effective solution than trucking water in from elsewhere or building new, complicated infrastructure large enough to accommodate the transport of fresh water from other regions.

6.2.4 Power/ Energy Supply

Wind Turbines

Majority of the power supplies of Zyprexa town are produced by wind turbines. We make use of the sea breezes from the ocean to run the wind turbines in order to generate sufficient power for all the citizens.

Vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs) are being used instead of the traditional ones. The power generation efficiency of these turbines is more than 70% which is further more than the horizontal ones (50%-60%).

In a vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT), the shaft is mounted on a vertical axis, perpendicular to the ground. VAWTs are always aligned with the wind. And hence, the wind-resistance capability of these turbines is strong (able to resist the typhoon up to12-14 class) .



Tidal Energy

In Zyprexa, we also generate energy by using tides. Tidal energy is one of the renewable energy which doesn’t pollute the environment.

As the tide comes in, sea water passes through barrage to landward side. At high tide, sluice gates shut, trapping water in estuary or basin. When tide recedes on sea-side of barrage, sluice gates open. Water flows through barrage, driving turbines and generating power.


Power line

When the blades start moving, they spin a shaft that leads to a generator.

The generator consist of a conductor such as coiled wire, that is surrounded

by magnets.

The rotating shaft turns the magnets around the conductor and generates

an electrical current.

Sensors cause the top of the turbine to rotate to face into the wind and the blades change their angle to best to catch

the wind.


7.The Conclusion

Throughout this project, many researches and investigations were carried out to analyse the ancient, present and future towns. Moreover, I have also learnt more about the various characteristics of a certain town and what living conditions are people demanding for a better township.

To propose a better liveable town for people is not a easy thing, the planning of urban structure, transportation system as well as green technologies are taken into considerations. In order to maintain the mutualism between the environment and human, green technologies, renewable energy and eco-friendly products should be implemented in the future towns.

As a conclusion, people should learn from the past, appreciate the present and prepare for the future in order to produce a better liveable and sustainable town.



8.Reference Links

http://www.newcolonist.com/topten2.html

http://prezi.com/pod6dc3ysew0/mohenjo-daro-building-materials/

http://www.harappa.com/indus/8.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masdar_City

http://www.masdar.ae/assets/downloads/content/226/masdar_corporate_brochure.pdf

http://wwf.panda.org/wwf_news/press_releases/?121320/WWF-Abu-Dhabi-unveil-plan-for-worlds-first-carbon-neutral-waste-free-car-free-city

http://www.dezeen.com/2010/11/18/floating-observatories-by-upgrade-studio-dsba-and-mihai-carciun/

http://www.designboom.com/architecture/floating-observatories-winning-design-of-taiwan-tower-conceptual-competition/

http://thecsrjournal.in/desalination-plants-to-produce-fresh-water-in-lakshwadeep/

http://www.alternative-energy-news.info/technology/hydro/wave-power/

http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/green-science/wind-power2.htm


http://prezi.com/pod6dc3ysew0/mohenjo-daro-building-materials/

http://www.harappa.com/indus/8.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masdar_City

http://www.masdar.ae/assets/downloads/content/226/masdar_corporate_brochure.pdf

http://wwf.panda.org/wwf_news/press_releases/?121320/WWF-Abu-Dhabi-unveil-plan-for-worlds-first-carbon-neutral-waste-free-car-free-city

http://www.dezeen.com/2010/11/18/floating-observatories-by-upgrade-studio-dsba-and-mihai-carciun/

http://www.designboom.com/architecture/floating-observatories-winning-design-of-taiwan-tower-conceptual-competition/

http://thecsrjournal.in/desalination-plants-to-produce-fresh-water-in-lakshwadeep/

http://www.alternative-energy-news.info/technology/hydro/wave-power/

http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/green-science/wind-power2.htm

Enbe final project proposal

Education

new town

new x town

good town

people of x town

new proposed town

final enbe project

iffa fnbe

zyp xenbe final project