STEPHEN MCCOOL UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA MISSOULA, MONTANA Sustainable Tourism at World Heritage Sites UNESCO World Heritage Forum Series Sanquinshan Province, China 20-22 May 2015 Enabling Tourism at Natural Heritage Sites: Principles and Frameworks
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STEPHEN MCCOOL
UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA
MISSOULA, MONTANA
Sustainable Tourism at World Heritage Sites
UNESCO World Heritage Forum Series
Sanquinshan Province, China 20-22 May 2015
Enabling Tourism at Natural Heritage Sites:
Principles and Frameworks
Tourism is an essential and
vital part of World
Heritage
Governments hold a
responsibility to both
protect and transmit the
outstanding universal
value at the foundation of
inscription
Sometimes we think of
tourism as an economic
sector
Similar to other
economic sectors, such
as logging, mining,
commercial activity
It is not!
The purpose of tourism
in World Heritage Sites
is to
Protect the site’s
Outstanding Universal
Value
Help build community
resilience
Provide opportunities to
view, appreciate and
learn
Managing tourism and
visitation for the latter
Is focused on providing
opportunities for
transformative
experiences
Transformative experiences
Educate Inspire Empower
Such experiences just don’t happen
Thoughtfully designed
Sensitively implemented
Responsibly monitored
But faced with many challenges
Challenge 1: Managing growing
levels of visitor use and
tourism development is
increasingly
problematic
Challenge 2:The relationship between
tourism and impacts on
natural heritage values is
complex and not linear
Use Level
Impact
Challenge 3:Enhancing community/protected
area/tourism relationships continues to be a
great opportunity
Challenge 4:Building management capacity is key to
enabling sustainable tourism
Population Dynamics
Technology
GovernancePublic Values
Decision Making
Economic Restructuring
ClimateChange
Challenge 5: The context within which tourism
development occurs is increasingly
complex, conflicted and changing
Tourism
What do we need to do to
enable such opportunities?
• Principles
• Framework
• Confidence
• Organization Environment
• Public engagement
• Legal/Institutional
Frameworks and
Principles
Help managers
think critically
Question their
assumptions
Clarify trade offs
Frameworks and
principles help us
dive deeper to
understand …
… how to enable
opportunities for
transformative
experiences
For example
How many is
too many?
What are the
appropriate/acceptable
conditions?
Ask critical questions
Think methodically
Getting the setting right!
What experiences to facilitate?
What environmental conditions?
What social conditions are needed?
What managerial actions are required?
What activities facilitate access?
What conditions
are appropriate for
transformative
experiences?
How would we know if our management is
successful without specific objectives and
standards?
Frameworks provide an
ability to address these
challenging questions
Provide managers, publics
and scientists a route to
address these questions.
Frameworks built
upon principles and
key insights
Recreation Opportunity
Spectrum – the key to
quality is diversity and good
objectives
Limits of Acceptable Change
– quantified standards of what
is acceptable and a process
make it easier for managers to
think through tourism
development
LAC acknowledges the role
of standards and makes them
explicit
Use Level
Impact
Build this thinking into
our World Heritage
management
Enhance capacity
Build confidence
Encourage a
culture of
learning
Conclusion
Keys to enabling
tourism:
Recognize
complexity of
context
Empower
managers with
critical thinking
and confidence
Build organizations that
encourage learning
谢谢Thank you!
Steve McCool
http://pasqueflowerparadigms.blogspot.com/
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