EN 13286-2_e_stf

EUROPEAN STANDARD

NORME EUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHE NORM

FINAL DRAFTprEN 13286-2

December 2003

ICS 93.080.20

English version

Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures - Part 2: Testmethods for the determination of the laboratory reference

density and water content - Proctor compaction

Graves traitées aux liants hydrauliques ou non traitées -Partie 2: Méthodes d'essai pour la détermination en

laboratoire de la masse volumique de référence et de lateneur en eau - Compactage Proctor

Ungebundene und hydraulisch gebundene Gemische - Teil2: Laborprüfverfahren zur Bestimmung der Trockendichte

und des Wassergehaltes - Proctorversuch

This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for second formal vote. It has been drawn up by the Technical CommitteeCEN/TC 227.

If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations whichstipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other languagemade by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the samestatus as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and UnitedKingdom.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice andshall not be referred to as a European Standard.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONC OM ITÉ EUR OP ÉEN DE NOR M ALIS AT IONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels

© 2003 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.

Ref. No. prEN 13286-2:2003 E

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Contents

page

Foreword....................................................................................................................... ...................................... 3

1 Scope ......................................................................................................................... ............................ 4

2 Normative references .......................................................................................................... ................. 4

3 Terms and definitions......................................................................................................... .................. 5

4 Principle ..................................................................................................................... ............................ 5

5 Apparatus ..................................................................................................................... ......................... 6

6 Preparation ................................................................................................................... ....................... 106.1 General..................................................................................................................... ............................ 106.2 Samples for compaction tests................................................................................................ ........... 116.3 Preliminary assessment...................................................................................................... ............... 126.4 Mixtures totally passing the 16 mm test sieve............................................................................... .. 126.5 Mixtures not totally passing the 16 mm test sieve.......................................................................... 1 26.5.1 Mixtures totally passing the 31,5 mm test sieve........................................................................... ... 126.5.2 Mixtures 75 % to 100 % passing the 31,5 mm test sieve ................................................................ 126.5.3 Mixtures with an oversize > 25 % by mass on the 31,5 mm test sieve.......................................... 13

7 Procedure ..................................................................................................................... ....................... 137.1 Proctor test for mixtures compacted with a 2,5 kg rammer (A) in the Proctor mould (A)........... 137.2 Proctor test for mixtures compacted with a 2,5 kg rammer (A) in the large Proctor

mould (B) ...................................................................................................................... ....................... 147.3 Proctor test for mixtures compacted with a 15,0 kg rammer (C) in the extra large Proctor

mould (C) ...................................................................................................................... ....................... 147.4 Modified Proctor test for mixtures compacted with a 4,5 kg rammer (B) in the Proctor

mould (A) ...................................................................................................................... ....................... 157.5 Modified Proctor test for mixtures compacted with a 4,5 kg rammer (B) in the large

Proctor mould (B).............................................................................................................. .................. 167.6 Modified Proctor test for mixtures compacted with a 15,0 kg rammer (C) in the extra large

Proctor mould (C).............................................................................................................. .................. 17

8 Calculations, plotting and expression of results............................................................................. 1 78.1 Calculations................................................................................................................ ......................... 178.2 Plotting.................................................................................................................... ............................. 18

9 Test report ................................................................................................................... ........................ 19

10 Precision .................................................................................................................... .......................... 19

Annex A (informative) Dimensions of alternative apparatus ...................................................................... 20

Annex B (normative) One point Proctor test ................................................................................................ 23

Annex C (informative) Correction for oversize (material retained on the 16 mm, 31,5 mm and 63 mmtest sieves) ............................................................................................................................................ 27

Annex D (informative) Proctor test for self-draining mixtures ................................................................... 28

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Foreword

This document (prEN 13286-2:2003) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 227 “RoadMaterials”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.

This document is currently submitted to the second Formal Vote.

This European Standard is one of a series of standards as listed below.

EN 13286-1, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures Part 1: Test method for laboratory referencedensity and water content Introduction, general requirements and sampling.

prEN 13286-2, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures Part 2: Test method for laboratory referencedensity and water content Proctor compaction.

EN 13286-3, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures Part 3: Test method for laboratory referencedensity and water content Vibrocompression with controlled parameters.

EN 13286-4, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures Part 4: Test method for laboratory referencedensity and water content Vibrating hammer.

EN 13286-5, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures Part 5: Test method for laboratory referencedensity and water content Vibrating table.

prEN 13286-7, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures Part 7: Cyclic load triaxial test for unboundmixtures.

EN 13286-40, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures Part 40: Test method for the determination of thedirect tensile strength of hydraulically bound mixtures.

EN 13286-41, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures Part 41: Test method for the determination of thecompressive of strength of hydraulically bound mixtures.

EN 13286-42, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures Part 42: Test method for the determination of theindirect tensile strength of hydraulically bound mixtures.

EN 13286-43, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures Part 43: Test method for the determination of themodulus of elasticity of hydraulically bound mixtures.

prEN 13286-44, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures Part 44: Test method for the determination ofthe alpha coefficient of vitrified blastfurnace slag.

prEN 13286-45, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures Part 45: Test method for the determination ofthe workability period of hydraulically bound mixtures.

EN 13286-46, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures Part 46: Test method for the determination of themoisture condition value.

prEN 13286-47, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures Part 47: Test methods for the determination ofCalifornia bearing ratio, immediate bearing index and linear swelling.

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prEN 13286-48, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures Part 48: Test method for the determination ofthe degree of pulverisation.

prEN 13286-49, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures Part 49: Test method for the determination ofthe accelerated swelling of soil treated by lime and/or hydraulic binder.

prEN 13286-50, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures Part 50: Methods for making test specimensusing Proctor equipment or vibrating table compaction.

prEN 13286-51, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures Part 51: Methods for making test specimens byvibrating hammer compaction.

prEN 13286-52, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures Part 52: Method for making test specimens byvibro-compression.

prEN 13286-53, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures Part 53: Making cylindrical specimens by axialcompression.

Annexes A, C and D are informative. Annex B is normative.

1 Scope

This European Standard specifies test methods for the determination of the relationship between the watercontent and the dry density of hydraulically bound or unbound mixtures after compaction under specified testconditions using Proctor compaction. It allows an estimate of the mixture density that can be achieved onconstruction sites and provides a reference parameter for assessing the density of the compacted layer of themixture.

This European Standard applies only to unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures of aggregates used in roadconstruction and civil engineering work. It is not applicable to soils for earthworks. The results of this testmethod can be used as a basis for comparing mixtures before use in road construction. The test results alsoallow a conclusion to be drawn as to the water content at which mixtures can be satisfactorily compacted inorder to achieve a given dry density.

This test is suitable for mixtures with different values of upper sieve (D) size up to 63 mm and an oversize upto 25 % by mass.

2 Normative references

This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications.These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listedhereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply tothis European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references thelatest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments).

EN 933-1, Test for geometrical properties of aggregates Part 1: Determination of particle sizedistribution Granulometric analysis Sieving method.

EN 933-2, Test for geometrical properties of aggregates Part 2: Determination of particle size distributionTtest sieves, nominal size of apertures.

EN 1097-5, Test for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates Part 5: Determination of the watercontent by drying in a ventilated oven.

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EN 1097-6, Test for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates Part 6: Determination of particledensity and water absorption.

EN 13286-1, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures Part 1: Test method for the determination of thelaboratory reference density and water content Introduction, general requirements and sampling.

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN 13286-1 and the followingapply.

3.1Proctor densitylaboratory reference density determined from the dry density/water content relationship obtained by theProctor test with a specific energy of approximately 0,6 MJ/m3

3.2modified Proctor densitylaboratory reference density determined from the dry density/water content relationship obtained by themodified Proctor test with a specific energy of about 2,7 MJ/m3

3.3initial water content w0i

water content of a given mixture sample i before compaction

3.4final water content wFi

water content of a given mixture sample i after compaction

3.5bleeding water content wB

maximum value of the initial water content for which there is no loss of water during compaction

NOTE w0 – wF ≤ 0,3 %.

3.6self-draining mixturemixture for which a loss of water occurs during compaction preventing the definition of a maximum dry densityon the Proctor curve

NOTE w0 − wF > 0,3 %.

3.7dry density at bleeding ρρdB

laboratory reference dry density of the self-draining mixture

4 Principle

Six similar compaction tests are described, each with procedural variations related to the maximum particle sizeof the mixture to be investigated, the required quantity of sample and the size of the mould. In the Proctor test a2,5 kg rammer is used. In the modified Proctor test a much greater degree of compaction is added by usingdifferent rammers (4,5 kg or 15 kg) and/or greater drops on thinner layer of material as in the Proctor test. Thesize of the compaction mould is chosen in relation to the value of D. If oversize particles are present equivalenttests are carried out in larger moulds. If more than 25 % of material is retained on a 63 mm test sieve, the testmethod is not suitable.

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5 Apparatus

5.1 Cylindrical test moulds , fitted with a removable extension not less than 50 mm high and a detachablesteel base plate as shown in Figure 1. The mould shall have a smooth finish on inside face. The dimensions ofmoulds (Proctor mould (A), large Proctor mould (B) and extra large Proctor mould (C)) shall be as given inTable 1. The diameter of the mould shall be at least four times of D of the mixture.

Table 1 — Dimensions of new cylindrical test moulds

Thickness

Proctor mouldDiameter d1

mmHeight h1

mm Wall wmm

Base plate tmm

A 100,0 ± 1,0 120,0 ± 1,0 7,5 ± 0,5 11,0 ± 0,5

B 150,0 ± 1,0 120,0 ± 1,0 9,0 ± 0,5 14,0 ± 0,5

C 250,0 ± 1,0 200,0 ± 1,0 14,0 ± 0,5 20,0 ± 0,5

NOTE Annex A gives details of other cylindrical test moulds which may be in current use.

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Dimensions in millimetres

Figure 1 — Principle of Proctor mould

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5.2 Compactor , consisting of a rammer which is allowed to fall freely onto a defined part of the uppersurface of the mixture in the mould. The essential requirements of the rammers shall be as given in Table 2.

Table 2 — Essential requirements of new rammers

Essential requirements

Rammer Mass of rammer mR

kgDiameter of base d2

mmHeight of fall h2

mm

A 2,50 ± 0,02 50,0 ± 0,5 305 ± 3

B 4,50 ± 0,04 50,0 ± 0,5 457 ± 3

C 15,00 ± 0,04 125,0 ± 0,5 600 ± 3

NOTE Annex A gives details of other rammers which can be in current use.

NOTE 1 Different types of rammer are used to apply different energy levels. An example of a rammer is given inFigure 2.

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Dimensions in millimetres

Key1 4 holes ∅62 12 holes ∅6

Figure 2 — Principle of rammer and guide

The rammer shall be equipped with a suitable arrangement for adjusting the height of drop to suit the level ofthe upper surface of the mixture in the mould.

NOTE 2 The design shown in Figure 2 has been found to be satisfactory, but alternative designs, including automaticcompactors, may be used provided the essential requirements in Table 2 or annex A are conformed to and the alternativedesign gives the same results.

5.3 Steel plate , conforming to Table 3.

NOTE For the end of compaction on the last layer a steel plate (see Figure 3) may be used.

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Table 3 — Dimensions of the steel plate

Proctor mouldDiameter d3

mmThickness S2

mm

A

B10,0 ± 0,1

C

d1 – 0,5

20,0 ± 0,1

NOTE The design of the steel plate is shown in Figure 3.

Key1 Thread for screwing in handle

Figure 3 — Principle of steel plate

5.4 Test sieves , conforming to EN 933-2.

5.5 Balances , readable to 0,1 % of the compacted sample mass.

5.6 Corrosion-resistant metal or plastics mixing tray , with sides about 80 mm deep, of a size suitablefor the quantity of material to be used.

5.7 Spatula, trowel or similar tool.

5.8 Steel straightedge , of length 200 mm or more; one edge shall be bevelled if the rule is thicker than3 mm, or palette knife with straight blade.

5.9 Apparatus for determination of water content , conforming to EN 1097-5.

5.10 Vernier depth gauge , readable to 0,02 mm.

5.11 Mixer , with a volume of at least 0,01 m3.

5.12 Concrete block (min. 50 kg), as support for the compaction by means of manually operated rammer.

6 Preparation

6.1 General

Compaction of the mixture sample shall be carried out in a cylindrical test mould, the dimensions of which are afunction of the particle size of the mixture sample.

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The quantity of sample required and the size of the test mould shall be selected according to Table 4.

Table 4 — Summary of sample preparation methods

Percentage passing test sieves

16 mm 31,5 mm 63 mm

Preparation,clause

Mass of samplekg

Proctor mould

15 A100 – – 6.4

40 B

75 to 100 100 – 6.5.1 40 B

< 100 75 to 100 100 6.5.2 40 B

– < 75 75 to 100 6.5.3 200 C

Table 5 summarizes the different types of tests by defining the permitted combinations of mould size andrammer mass.

NOTE The specifications for compaction in the larger moulds are based on the same compaction effort per unit ofvolume of the mixture as in the smaller mould. The variable effects of the sidewall friction can result in differences betweenthe densities achieved in the two moulds. For a series of tests on a particular mixture, one size of mould should be usedconsistently.

Table 1 — Summary of Proctor test and modified Proctor test

Proctor mouldType of test Characteristics of test Symbol Dimension

A B C

Mass of rammer mR kg 2,5 2,5 15,0

Diameter of rammer d2 mm 50 50 125,0

Height of fall h2 mm 305 305 600

Number of layers – – 3 3 3

Proctor test

Number of blows per layer – – 25 56 22

Mass of rammer mR kg 4,5 4,5 15,0

Diameter of rammer d2 mm 50 50 125,0

Height of fall h2 mm 457 457 600

Number of layers – – 5 5 3

Modified Proctor test

Number of blows per layer – – 25 56 98

For the routine control of pavement layers the one point Proctor test in annex B may be used.

NOTE In this table, the values for the dimensions are rounded. For the exact values see Table 2.

6.2 Samples for compaction tests

The method of preparation of samples for these tests, and the quantity of material required, depend on thesize of the largest particles. The assessment of these factors is covered in 6.3.

For the compaction test separate batches of mixture shall be prepared at different water contents. Each batchshall be compacted only once.

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NOTE If the same batch of mixture is used at different water contents, the characteristics of the material willprogressively change after each compaction stage, particularly for mixtures where the particles are susceptible tocrushing.

6.3 Preliminary assessment

6.3.1 The initial mixture sample for testing shall be obtained in accordance with the procedure described inEN 13286-1. The procedure to be used for sample preparation and for carrying out the compaction test shallbe selected on the basis of the assessment in 6.3.2 and 6.3.3.

6.3.2 Determine the approximate percentages (to an accuracy of ± 5 %) by mass of particles in the mixturesample passing the 16 mm, 31,5 mm or 63 mm test sieves using the sieving procedures in EN 933-1. Thematerial used for this assessment shall not be used for the compaction test.

6.3.3 Use these percentages to select the method of sample preparation, the minimum mass of mixturerequired, and the type of mould to use for the compaction test as indicated in Table 4.

6.4 Mixtures totally passing the 16 mm test sieve

Subdivide the initial sample to produce five or more representative samples, each of about 2,5 kg for mould Aand 6 kg for mould B, according to EN 13286-1.

Mix each sample thoroughly with different amounts of water to give a suitable range of water contents (seeNOTES 1 to 4). The range of water contents shall be such that at least two values lies each side of theoptimum at which the maximum dry density occurs.

NOTE 1 The amount of water to be mixed with mixture at the commencement of the test will vary with the type ofmixture under test. In general, with sandy and gravely mixtures a water content of 4 % to 6 % is suitable.

NOTE 2 The water added to each sample should be such that a range of water contents is obtained which includes theoptimum water content. In general, increments of 1 % to 2 % are suitable for sandy and gravely mixtures. To increase theaccuracy of the test it might be desirable to prepare samples with smaller increments of water in the region of optimumwater content. Three or four water contents should be included in the range 0,8 and 1,2 of the optimum water content.

NOTE 3 It is important that the water is mixed thoroughly and adequately with the mixture, since inadequate mixing cangive variable test results.

NOTE 4 Recycled aggregates and slags are often more porous than natural aggregates. A higher value of watercontent and larger increments may be appropriate.

If the mixture initially contains too much water allow it to partially air dry to the lowest water content at whichthe mixture is to be compacted, and mix thoroughly. If necessary, lower the water content of the material in anoven at a temperature in the range of 45 °C to 50 °C to obtain the desired water content to start the test.

6.5 Mixtures not totally passing the 16 mm test sieve

6.5.1 Mixtures totally passing the 31,5 mm test sieve

Subdivide the initial sample to produce five or more representative samples each of approximately 6 kg.Follow the procedure in 6.4.

6.5.2 Mixtures 75 % to 100 % passing the 31,5 mm test sieve

Weigh the sample of the mixture.

Remove and weigh the material retained on the 31,5 mm test sieve (oversize material). Determine the watercontent of oversize material wo as described in EN 1097-5. The particle density of the oversize material ρso

shall also be determined according to EN 1097-6.

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Subdivide the material passing the 31,5 mm test sieve to produce five or more 6 kg samples of the mixture,otherwise proceed as described in 6.4.

6.5.3 Mixtures with an oversize > 25 % by mass on the 31,5 mm test sieve

Subdivide the initial sample to produce five or more representative samples each of approximately 25 kg.Follow the procedure in 6.4.

7 Procedure

7.1 Proctor test for mixtures compacted with a 2,5 kg rammer (A) in the Proctor mould (A)

7.1.1 Use a 2,5 kg rammer (A) falling 305 mm to compact the mixture in three layers into the Proctormould (A).

7.1.2 Weigh the Proctor mould (A) with the base plate attached to 1 g and record the mass as m1. If notknown measure the internal dimensions to 0,5 mm.

Attach the extension to the mould and place the mould assembly on a solid base, e.g. a concrete floor orplinth.

Lubricate the internal face of the extension.

7.1.3 For one of the prepared samples place a quantity of moist mixture in the mould such that whencompacted it occupies a little over one-third of the height of the mould body.

Apply 25 blows from the 2,5 kg rammer (A) dropped from a height of 305 mm above the mixture as controlledby the guide. Distribute the blows uniformly over the surface and ensure that the rammer always falls freelyand is not obstructed by mixture in or on the guide.

NOTE One method of ensuring that the blows are applied evenly over the surface of the layer is to apply three sets ofeight blows well distributed over the surface, with a final blow in the centre.

7.1.4 Repeat the procedure in 7.1.3 twice, so that the amount of mixture used is sufficient to fill the mouldbody, with the surface not more than 10 mm proud of the upper edge of the mould body.

NOTE It is necessary to control the total volume of mixture compacted, since it has been found that if the amount ofmixture struck off after removing the extension is too great, the test results will be inaccurate.

Remove the extension, strike off the excess mixture and level off the surface of the compacted mixturecarefully to the top of the mould using the straightedge. Replace any coarse particles, removed in thetravelling process, by finer material from the sample, well pressed in.

Weigh the materials and mould with the base plate to 1 g and record the mass as m2.

Remove the compacted mixture from the mould and place it on the metal tray for determination of its watercontent, w, as described in EN 1097-5.

7.1.5 Carry out a compaction test on each of the remaining prepared samples as described in 7.1.3 and7.1.4, to give a total of at least five determinations or at least three determinations, if the mixture is wellknown. The water contents shall be such that the optimum water content, at which the laboratory dry densityoccurs, lies near the middle of the range.

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7.2 Proctor test for mixtures compacted with a 2,5 kg rammer (A) in the large Proctormould (B)

7.2.1 Use a 2,5 kg rammer (A) falling 305 mm to compact the mixture in three layers into the large Proctormould (B).

NOTE This method can also be used for finer mixtures which would normally be compacted in the Proctor mouldwhen it is required to perform a California bearing ratio (CBR) test on the compacted mixture at each water content.

7.2.2 Weigh the large Proctor mould (B) with base plate attached to 5 g and record the mass as m1. If notknown measure the internal dimensions to 0,5 mm.




Apply 56 blows from the 2,5 kg rammer (A) dropped from a height of 305 mm above the mixture as controlledby the guide. Distribute the blows uniformly over the surface and ensure that the rammer always falls freelyand is not obstructed by mixture in or on the guide.

NOTE One method of ensuring that the blows are applied evenly over the surface of the layer is to apply eight sets ofseven blows. In the set of seven blows, six are well distributed over the surface, and a final blow is applied to the centre.

7.2.4 Repeat the procedure in 7.2.3 twice, so that the amount of mixture is sufficient to fill the mould body,with the surface not more than 10 mm proud of the upper edge of the mould body.


Remove the extension, strike off the excess mixture and level off the surface of the compacted mixturecarefully to the top of the mould using the straightedge. Replace any coarse particles, removed in travellingprocess, by finer material from the sample, well pressed in.

Weigh the mixture and mould with base plate to 5 g and record the mass as m2.

Remove the compacted mixture from the mould and place it on the metal tray for determination of its watercontent w as described in EN 1097-5.

7.2.5 Carry out a compaction test on each of the remaining prepared samples as described in 7.2.3 and7.2.4 to give a total of at least five determinations or at least three determinations, if the mixture is well known.The water content shall be such that the optimum water content, at which the laboratory dry density occurs,lies near the middle of the range.

7.3 Proctor test for mixtures compacted with a 15,0 kg rammer (C) in the extra large Proctormould (C)

7.3.1 Use a 15,0 kg rammer (C) falling 600 mm to compact the mixture in three layers into the Proctormould (C).

7.3.2 Weigh the extra large Proctor mould (C) with the base plate attached to 10 g and record the massas m1. If not known measure the internal dimensions to 0,5 mm.


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Apply 22 blows from the 15,0 kg rammer (C) dropped from a height of 600 mm above the mixture ascontrolled by the guide. Distribute the blows uniformly over the surface and ensure that the rammer alwaysfalls freely and is not obstructed by mixture in or on the guide.

NOTE One method of ensuring that the blows are applied evenly over the surface of the layer is to apply three sets ofseven blows, with six blows well distributed over the surface, and a final blow applied to the centre.




Weigh the materials and mould with the base plate to 10 g and record the mass as m2.

Remove the compacted mixture from the mould and place it on the metal tray for determination of its watercontent w as described in EN 1097-5.

7.3.5 Carry out a compaction test on each of the remaining prepared samples as described in 7.3.3 and7.3.4, to give a total of at least five determinations or at least three determinations, if the mixture is wellknown. The water contents shall be such that the optimum water content, at which the laboratory dry densityoccurs, lies near the middle of the range.

7.4 Modified Proctor test for mixtures compacted with a 4,5 kg rammer (B) in the Proctormould (A)

7.4.1 In order to ensure that the compaction effort is greater than that described in 7.1 increase the mass ofthe rammer (B) to 4,5 kg, the height of fall to 457 mm, and the number of compacted layers from three to five.Use the same Proctor mould (A) as the test in 7.1.

7.4.2 Weigh the Proctor mould (A) with base plate attached to 1 g and record the mass as m1. If not knownmeasure the internal dimensions to 0,5 mm.



7.4.3 For one of the prepared samples, place a quantity of moist mixture in the mould such that whencompacted it occupies a little over one-fifth of the height of the mould body.

Apply 25 blows from the 4,5 kg rammer (B) dropped from a height of 457 mm above the mixture as controlledby the guide. Distribute the blows uniformly over the surface and ensure that the rammer always falls freelyand is not obstructed by mixture in or on the guide.

NOTE One method of ensuring that the blows are applied evenly over the surface of the layer is to apply three sets ofeight blows, with seven blows well distributed over the surface, and a final blow applied to the centre.

7.4.4 Repeat the procedure in 7.4.3 four times, so that the amount of mixture used is sufficient to fill themould body, with the surface not more than 10 mm proud of the upper edge of the mould body.

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Remove the compacted mixture from the mould and place it on the large metal tray for determination of itswater content w as described in EN 1097-5.

7.4.5 Carry out a compaction test on each of the remaining prepared samples as described in 7.4.3 and7.4.4 to give a total of at least five determinations or at least three determinations if the mixture is well known.The water contents shall be such that the optimum water content, at which the laboratory dry density occurs,lies near the middle of the range.

7.5 Modified Proctor test for mixtures compacted with a 4,5 kg rammer (B) in the largeProctor mould (B)

7.5.1 In order to ensure that the compaction effort is greater than that described in 7.2, increase the massof the rammer (B) to 4,5 kg, the height of fall to 457 mm, the number of compacted layers from three to five.Compact the mixture into the large Proctor mould (B).

NOTE This method can also be used for finer mixtures which would normally be compacted in the Proctor mouldwhen it is required to perform a California bearing ratio (CBR) test on the compacted mixture at each water content.

7.5.2 Weigh the large Proctor mould (B) with base plate attached to 5 g and record the mass as m1. If notknown measure the internal dimensions to 0,5 mm.



7.5.3 For one of the prepared samples, place a quantity of moist mixture in the mould such that whencompacted it occupies a little over one-fifth of the height of the mould body.

Apply 56 blows from the 4,5 kg rammer (B) dropped from a height of 457 mm above the mixture as controlledby the guide. Distribute the blows uniformly over the surface and ensure that the rammer always falls freelyand is not obstructed by mixture in or on the guide.

NOTE One method of ensuring that the blows are applied evenly over the surface of the layer is to apply eight sets ofseven blows. In the set of seven blows, six are well distributed over the surface, and a final blow is applied to the centre.

7.5.4 Repeat the procedure in 7.5.3 four times, so that the amount of mixture used is sufficient to fill themould body, with the surface not more than 10 mm proud of the upper edge of the mould body.


Remove the extension, strike off the excess mixture and level off the surface of the compacted mixturecarefully to the top of the mould using the straightedge. Replace any coarse particles removed in the travellingprocess, by finer material from the sample, well pressed in.



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7.5.5 Carry out a compaction test on each of the remaining prepared samples as described in 7.5.3 and7.5.4 to give a total of at least five determinations or at least three determinations, if the mixture is well known.The water contents shall be such that the optimum water content, at which the maximum dry density occurs,lies near the middle of the range.

7.6 Modified Proctor test for mixtures compacted with a 15,0 kg rammer (C) in the extralarge Proctor mould (C)

7.6.1 In order to ensure that the compaction effort is greater than that described in 7.3, use the same valuesfor the mass of the rammer (C), the height of fall and the layers as in 7.3 but increase the number of blows perlayer from 22 to 98. Compact the mixture into the extra large Proctor mould (C).

7.6.2 Weigh the extra large Proctor mould (C) with base plate attached to 10 g and record the mass as m1.If not known measure the internal dimensions to 0,5 mm.



7.6.3 For one of the prepared samples, place a quantity of moist mixture in the mould such that whencompacted it occupies a little over one-third of the height of the mould body.

Apply 98 blows from the 15,0 kg rammer (C) dropped from a height of 600 mm above the mixture ascontrolled by the guide. Distribute the blows uniformly over the surface and ensure that the rammer alwaysfalls freely and is not obstructed by mixture in or on the guide.

NOTE One method of ensuring that the blows are applied evenly over the surface of the layer is to apply 14 sets ofseven blows. In the set of seven blows, six are well distributed over the surface, and a final blow is applied to the centre.



Remove the extension, strike off the excess mixture and level off the surface of the compacted mixturecarefully to the top of the mould using the straightedge. Replace any coarse particles removed in the travellingprocess, by finer material from the sample, well pressed in.



7.6.5 Carry out a compaction test on each of the remaining prepared samples as described in 7.6.3 and7.6.4 to give a total of at least five determinations or at least three determinations, if the mixture is well known.The water contents shall be such that the optimum water content, at which the laboratory dry density occurs,lies near the middle of the range.

8 Calculations, plotting and expression of results

8.1 Calculations

Calculate the internal volume of the mould as V, in millilitres (ml).

NOTE The volume of the mould can be determined from the mass of water it contains or by linear measurement.

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Calculate the compacted bulk density ρ of each compacted specimen from the equation:

ρ = (m2 + m1)/V (1)

where

ρ is the bulk density, in megagrams per cubic metre (Mg/m3);

m1 is the mass of mould and base plate, in grams (g);

m2 is the mass of mould, base plate and compacted mixture, in grams (g);

V is the volume of the mould, in millilitres (ml).

Calculate the compacted dry density ρd of each compacted specimen from the equation:

ρd = (100 × ρ) / (100 + w) (2)

where

ρd is the dry density, in megagrams per cubic metre (Mg/m3);


w is the water content of the mixture, in percent (%).

For mixtures with particles retained on the 16 mm, 31,5 mm or 63 mm test sieves (less than 25 %), acorrection shall be made.

NOTE Without correction, the dry density found will be too low and the water content too high. Annex C givesguidance on correction for oversize material retained on the 16 mm, 31,5 mm or 63 mm test sieves.

8.2 Plotting

Plot the dry densities obtained from a series of determinations as ordinates against the corresponding watercontents as abscissa. Draw a curve of best fit to the plotted points and identify the position of the maximum onthis curve. Read off the values of dry density and water content, corresponding to that point.

NOTE 1 The maximum can lie between two observed points but when drawing the curve, care should be taken notexaggerate its peak.

NOTE 2 For free draining mixtures, it cannot be possible to identify a maximum point on the curve (see annex D).

On the same graph, plot the curve corresponding to 0 % air voids, calculated from the equation:

ρd = (1 – 0,01 × Va) / (ρs–1 + 0,01 × w × ρw

−1) (3)

where


ρs is the particle density, in megagrams per cubic metre (Mg/m3);

ρw is the density of water, in megagrams per cubic metre (Mg/m3), assumed equal to 1;

Va is the volume of air voids in the mixture, in percentage of the total volume of the mixture (equalto 0 % for the purpose of this plot);

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w is the water content, in percent (%).

9 Test report

The test report shall include at least the following information:

a) reference to this European Standard (the method of test used, including mould size and rammer size);

b) identification of the sample;

c) sample preparation procedure;

d) identification of the laboratory;

e) maximum dry density, in megagram per cubic metre (Mg/m3), to the nearest 0,01 Mg/m3;

f) optimum water content to the nearest 0,1 % for values less than 10 and to the nearest 1 % for values of10 or more;

g) the amount of particles retained on the 16 mm, 31,5 mm or 63 mm test sieves reported to the nearest 1 %by dry mass.

If required, the test report shall include the following optional information:

h) experimental points and the smooth curve drawn through them showing the relationship between watercontent and dry density;

i) value of particle density used in the calculation. If measured, stating the test method used;

j) name and location of the sample source;

k) description of the material.

10 Precision

To be added later

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Annex A(informative)

Dimensions of alternative apparatus

Alternative apparatus (test moulds and rammers) may be used for the Proctor test and the modified Proctortest. These alternative dimensions allow the continuing use of moulds and rammers already in current use.

NOTE It is intended that these alternatives will be deleted at the first revision of this European Standard.

The equivalence between the results produced by a new and/or an alternative apparatus is based on thespecific energy. The specific energy is determined by the equation:

mass of rammer × height of fall × number of blows per layer × number of layers x gravitySpecific energy =

volume of mould

For the Proctor test the specific energy should be in the range of 0,56 MJ/m3 to 0,63 MJ/m3 (mean value0,6 MJ/m3).

For the modified Proctor test the specific energy should be in the range of 2,56 MJ/m3 to 2,80 MJ/m3 (meanvalue 2,7 MJ/m3).

Tables A.1 to A.4 show examples of alternatives fulfilling the energy level(s) above.

Table A.1 — Examples of alternatives for Proctor mould A

Mould Rammer Procedure

Diametermm

Heightmm

Masskg

Diametermm

Height offallmm

Layernumbers

Blownumbersper layer

Compaction energyMJ/m3

102 122,5 2,5 50 300 3 26 0,5733

101,5 117 2,5 50 300 3 25 0,5829

102 117 2,49 50 305 3 25 0,5846

100 120 2,5 50 300 3 25 0,5855

101,6 116,8 2,48 50,8 304,8 3 25 0,5873

101,6 117 2,49 51 305 3 25 0,5891

102,0 ± 0,4 122,4 ± 0,1 2,50 ± 0,01 50,0 ± 0,2 305 ± 2 3 26 0,572 2 to 0,594 7

101,6 ± 0,2 116,4 ± 0,2 2,495 ± 0,005 51,0 ± 0,5 305 3 25 0,588 8 to 0,597 9

101,5 ± 0,5 116,5 ± 0,5 2,490 0 ± 0,002 5 51 ± 1 305 ± 2 3 25 0,580 0 to 0,605 8

101,2 ± 0,4 116,4 ± 0,5 2,50 ± 0,01 50,8 ± 0,1 305 ± 5 3 25 0,575 4 to 0,614 1

105,0 ± 0,5 115,5 ± 1,0 2,500 ± 0,025 50,0 ± 0,5 300 ± 3 3 27 0,573 5 to 0,619 1

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Table A.2 — Examples of alternatives for modified Proctor mould A


Diametermm

Heightmm

Masskg

Diametermm

Height of fallmm

Layernumbers

Blow numbersper layer

CompactionenergyMJ/m3

102 122,5 4,5 50 450 5 26 2,580

101,5 117 4,5 50 450 5 25 2,623

100 120 4,5 50 450 5 25 2,635

102 117 4,54 50 457 5 25 2,6616

101,6 116,8 4,50 50,8 457,2 5 25 2,664

101,6 117 4,54 51 457 5 25 2,682

101,6 ± 0,2 116,4 ± 0,2 4,535 ± 0,005 51,0 ± 0,5 457 5 25 2,675 to 2,711

101,5 ± 0,5 116,5 ± 0,5 4,535 ± 0,005 51 ± 1 457 ± 2 5 25 2,644 to 2,750

101,6 ± 0,4 116,4 ± 0,5 4,54 ± 0,01 50,8 ± 0,1 457 ± 5 5 25 2,629 to 2,765

105,0 ± 0,5 115,5 ± 1,0 4,50 ± 0,05 50,0 ± 0,5 450 ± 4 5 27 2,581 to 2,786

Table A.3 — Examples of alternatives for Proctor mould B


Diametermm

Heightmm

Masskg

Diametermm

Height offallmm

Layernumbers

Blownumbers per layer


152 127 4,54 51 457 5 13 0,5741

152,4 116,4 2,5 50 300 3 56 0,5821

152 117 2,5 50 300 3 56 0,5822

152,4 116,8 2,48 50,8 304,8 3 56 0,5847

150 125 4,5 75 450 3 22 0,5935

152 114 2,49 50 305 3 55 0,5943

152,4 ± 0,2 116,4 ± 0,2 2,495 ± 0,005 51,0 ± 0,5 305 3 56 0,586 9 to 0,594 4

152,0 ± 0,5 116,0 ± 0,6 2,490 0 ± 0,002 5 51 ± 1 304 ± 3 3 56 0,583 3 to 0,606 2

152,4 ± 0,5 116,4 ± 0,5 2,50 ± 0,01 50,8 ± 0,1 305 ± 5 3 56 0,573 6 to 0,610 6

152,0 ± 0,5 116,0 ± 0,5 2,500 ± 0,025 50,0 ± 0,5 300 ± 3 3 57 0,579 5 to 0,616 4

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Table A.4 — Examples of alternatives for modified Proctor mould B


Diametermm

Heightmm

Masskg

Diametermm

Height of fallmm

Layernumbers

Blow numbersper layer


152 127 4,54 51 457 5 58 2,561

152 117 4,5 50 450 5 56 2,620

152,4 116,4 4,5 50 450 5 56 2,620

152,4 116,8 4,50 50,8 457,2 5 56 2,652

150 125 4,5 75 450 5 59 2,653

152,0 ± 0,5 126,6 ± 0,7 4,535 ± 0,005 51 ± 1 457 ± 2 5 59 2,565 to 2,657

152,5 ± 0,7 127,0 ± 0,1 4,535 ± 0,005 50,0 ± 0,2 457 ± 2 5 60 2,586 to 2,673

152,4 ± 0,2 116,4 ± 0,2 4,535 ± 0,005 51,0 ± 0,5 457 5 56 2,667 to 2,696

152 114 4,54 50 457 5 55 2,706

152,0 ± 0,5 116,0 ± 0,6 4,535 ± 0,005 51 ± 1 457 ± 2 5 56 2,658 to 2,752

152,4 ± 0,5 116,4 ± 0,5 4,57 ± 0,01 50,8 ± 0,1 457 ± 5 5 56 2,638 to 2,767

152,0 ± 0,5 116,0 ± 0,5 4,545 ± 0,005 50,0 ± 0,5 450 ± 4 5 57 2,660 to 2,774

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Annex B(normative)

One point Proctor test

B.1 Scope

This annex specifies a test method for determination of the relationship between the water content and the drydensity of hydraulically bound or unbound mixtures 0/45 after compaction under specified test conditionsusing Proctor compaction. It applies for routine control of pavement layers.

NOTE The general procedure matters are covered by clause 7 of this European Standard.

B.2 Apparatus

B.2.1 General

All apparatus shall conform to the requirements of clause 5.

B.2.3 Oven , capable of maintaining a temperature of (110 ± 5) °C.

B.2.3 Mixing bowl

B.2.4 Scoop.

B.2.5 Graduated measuring cylinders , 100 ml and 500 ml.

B.2.6 Test sieves , with aperture sizes 45 mm and 31,5 mm;

B.2.7 Seam.

B.2.8 Large Proctor mould (B) or if extra extension is needed, the mould shall have a diameter of(152,0 ± 0,5) mm and a height of (177,5 ± 0,5) mm.

B.2.9 Rammer (A).

B.2.10 Arrangement to control the falling height of the drop hammer . The free falling height of the drophammer shall be (305 ± 5) mm. If an automatic compactor is used, an arrangement to control the position ofthe mould, in such a way that the blows are distributed uniformly over the surface, shall be used.

B.2.11 Circular metal plate , diameter (148,0 ± 1,0) mm, (7,5 ± 0,5) mm thick.

B.2.12 Vernier metal plate, readable to the nearest 0,1 mm.

B.3 Preparation

The amount of dry material shall be approximately 4 kg to 6 kg (in situ).

The sample shall be sieved according to EN 933-1 (dry sieving).

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Determine the percentage U of dry material on 31,5 mm sieve from the total amount of dry material.

If this percentage U is less than 10,0 the total amount of the sample shall be used, leaving out the material on45 mm sieve. The Proctor density shall be corrected using the density of the aggregate particles on45 mm sieve.

If the percentage U is more than 10,0 but less than 25,0 the material passing 31,5 mm sieve shall be used todetermine the Proctor density. The Proctor density shall be corrected using the density of the aggregateparticles on 31,5 mm sieve.

NOTE If the percentage U is more than 25,0 the Proctor density cannot be determined.

If necessary, determine the density of the oversize on 31,5 mm or 45 mm sieves according to EN 1097-6.

B.4 Procedure

Weigh the Proctor mould q accurate to 1 g.

Place the sample in the mixing bowl. To reach the selected water content (see NOTES 1 and 2), addapproximately 3 % (by mass) water to the dry material and mix thoroughly with the scoop until a homogenousmixture is obtained. Then add portions of 1 % (by mass) water until the estimated selected water content isreached.

NOTE 1 The selected water content is the water content, when, with the applied compaction energy, no increase ofdensity is obtained when water is added. In most cases, independent from the kind of material, when this water content isreached, some free water will occur after compaction.

NOTE 2 The test report should also record whether any free water was noted after compaction.

During the mixing observe the following features:

if the water is well penetrated in the mixture; i.e. all particles are moistened;

if the material sticks to the mixing bowl and the bottom of the bowl remains wet;

if little strips of wet material remain on the bottom of the bowl;

depending on the material, if particles glisten.

Prevent the material from drying.

Compact the mixed material in the mould in three equal layers, each with a height of approximately 40 mm.While pouring the material into the mould prevent segregation. Apply 56 evenly distributed blows over thesurface of the under and middle layers with the drop hammer falling free over a height of (305 ± 5) mm. Apply40 evenly distributed blows over the surface of the upper layer. Place the metal plate upon the compactedsample and continue with compaction with 20 blows on this metal plate.

Distribute the blows evenly according to Table B.1.

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Table B.1 — Distribution of blows

Number of blows outer side inner side outer side inner side

under layer

middle layer

upper layer

upon metal plate

18

18

13

10

10

7

18

18

13

10

10

7

20

After compaction establish the difference in height between the metal plate and the upper edge of the mould,accurate to 0,1 mm, with the vernier callipers on four places, marked on equally distributed spaces along theperiphery of the mould and calculate the content for the compacted sample V in millilitres (ml) (subtract thethickness of the metal plate) (see NOTE 1).

Remove the metal plate and weigh the mould with the material a, in grams (g), accurate to 1 g.

Remove the moist material from the mould and weigh it b, in grams (g), accurate to 1 g.

Dry the material to constant mass in the oven at a temperature of (110 ± 5) °C and weigh it after cooling downto room temperature c in grams (g), accurate to 1 g.

If, after compaction the content is less than 2,2 l or more than 2,5 l the test shall be repeated, using a newquantity of material.

B.5 Calculations

B.5.1 The water content w of the sample shall be calculated from the equation:

w = 100 × (b – c)/c (accurate to 0,1 %) (B.1)

where

w is the water content, in percent (%);

b is the mass of the moist material, in grams (g);

c is the mass of the dry material, in grams (g).

B.5.2 The density ρ of the compacted moist material shall be calculated from the equation:

ρ = 1 000 × (a – q)/V in kilograms per cubic metre (kg/m3), accurate to 1 kg/m3 (B.2)

where

ρ is the bulk density, in megagrams per cubic metres (Mg/m3);

a is the mass of the mould with the moist material, in grams (g);

q is the mass of the mould, in grams (g);

V is the content of the compacted material, in cubic metres (m3).

B.5.3 The Proctor density d of the sample shall be calculated from the equation:

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d = 100 × ρ/(w + 100) in kilograms per cubic metre (kg/m3), accurate to 1 kg/m3 (B.3)

where

d is the Proctor density, in megagrams per cubic metre (Mg/m3);


w is the water content, in percent (%).

B.5.4 The calculated Proctor density d shall be corrected from the equation:

d' = 100/U × ρs–1 + (100 – U) × d–1 (B.4)

where

d' is the corrected Proctor density, in megagrams per cubic metre (Mg/m3);

d is the Proctor density, in megagrams per cubic metre (Mg/m3);

ρs is the density of the aggregate particles, in megagrams per cubic metre (Mg/m3), upon 45 mm or31,5 mm sieves;

U is the mass percentage dry material upon 45 mm or 31,5 mm sieves in relation to the total amount ofdry material.

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Annex C(informative)

Correction for oversize(material retained on the 16 mm, 31,5 mm and 63 mm test sieves)

If an oversize percentage m exists (see 7.2.1 and 7.5.1), a correction should be made according to thefollowing formulae:

w' = w × (1 – m) + wo × k (C.1)

and

ρd' = ρd × (1 – m) + 0,9 × m × ρSSD (C.2)

where

w' is the corrected water content of the whole sample, in percent (%);

w is the water content of the sample tested, in percent (%);

m is the oversize percentage expressed as mo/mt, in percent (%);

mo is the dry mass of oversize (material retained on the 16 mm, 31,5 mm and 63 mm test sieves),in grams (g);

mt is the dry mass of the whole sample, including oversize, in grams (g);

wo is the water content of oversize material, in percent (%);

ρd is the dry density of the sample tested, in megagrams per cubic metre (Mg/m3);

ρd' is the corrected dry density of the whole sample, in megagrams per cubic metre (Mg/m3);

ρssD is the particle density of the oversize material in a saturated dry surface condition asdetermined using EN 1097-6, in megagrams per cubic metre (Mg/m3).

NOTE Generally the water content of the oversize wo is about 0,01 to 0,02. For porous particles, water content ishigher and should be determined by testing.

Another formulae that has also been used for the corrected dry density is the following:

ρd' = ρd/(1 + m × (ρd' – ρSSD) × ρSSD−1) (C.3)

NOTE For on-site compaction control, the oversize percentage should be determined for each sample taken. The drydensities and water contents from the original Proctor curve should be corrected to reflect the actual oversize percentageof each sample.

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Annex D(informative)

Proctor test for self-draining mixtures

D.1 General

This annex specifies a test procedure for the Proctor test, adapted to self draining mixtures, for which amaximum dry density cannot be defined on the Proctor curve. This procedure applies to unbound andhydraulically bound mixtures of aggregates and concerns only the modified Proctor test, performed in thelarge Proctor Mould (B)

The test is carried out with the same apparatus as in clause 5.

D.2 Principle

The material is compacted in accordance with the procedure of the modified Proctor test. The dry density ofthe mixture for which a percentage between 0,3 % and 0,5 % of water is lost during compaction is determined.

The content of water of this mixture is defined as "bleeding water content" and its determined dry density isdefined as "dry density at bleeding".

D.3 Preparation

The mixture is prepared in accordance with clause 6.

D.4 Procedure

The compaction test is determined in accordance with 7.5 (Modified Proctor test in the large Proctor mould(B)).

At least three compaction tests are performed at three different water contents.

For each individual compaction test i:

A representative volume of the mixture before the compaction is taken, to determine the initial watercontent w0i, in accordance with EN 1097-5.

After compaction, the compacted mixture is removed from the mould and is placed on a large metal tray.The final water content of the mixture wFi is determined using the whole sample, in accordance withEN 1097-5.

For each sample i, the difference between the initial and final water contents, w0i − wFi is calculated.

Finally, the bleeding water content wB is determined as follows:

If there is a sample i for which 0,3 % < w0i − wFi ≤ 0,5 %, then the bleeding water content is equal to theinitial water content, wB = w0i.

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If there is a sample i for which w0i − wFi < 0,3 % and for the next sample i + 1, with a higher initial watercontent, w0i + 1 − wFi + 1 > 0,5 %, then wB = (w0i + w0i + 1)/2; the previous formula is valid only if w0i + 1 − w0i ≤1 %.

If the difference between w0i and w0i+1 exceeds 1 %, then an additional compaction test is performed at awater content between w0i and w0i + 1.

D.5 Calculations, plotting and expression of results

D.5.1 Calculations

For each compacted sample i, its compacted bulk density ρ is calculated using the equation:

ρ = (m2 − m1)/V (D.1)

where

ρ is the compacted bulk density, in megagrams per cubic metre (Mg/m3);

m1 is the mass of the mould and base plate, in grams (g);

m2 is the mass of the mould, base plate and compacted mixture, in grams (g);

V is the internal volume of the mould, in millilitres (ml).

For each compacted sample i, its compacted dry density ρd is calculated using the equation:

ρd = 100 × ρ / (100 + wFi) (D.2)

where



wFi is the final water content of the mixture sample, in percent (%).

D.5.2 Plotting

A graph with the final water contents wFi of the series of compacted samples as abscissa and thecorresponding dry densities ρdi as ordinates is plotted. A curve of best fit to the plotted points is drawn. Thedry density at bleeding ρdB on this curve is determined; the dry density corresponding to the bleeding watercontent wB is determined. An example of determination of ρdB is shown in Figure D.1.

D.5.3 Test report

In the test report the same information as in clause 9 is included, except for the following changes:

The maximum dry density by the dry density is replaced at bleeding ρdB, in megagrams per cubic metre(Mg/m3), to the nearest 0,01 Mg/m3.

The optimum water content is replaced by the water content at bleeding wB in percent (%), to the nearest0,1 % .

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In this example:for examples 1 to 3: w0 − wF < 0,3 %for example 4: 0,3 % < w0 − wF < 0,5 %for example 5: w0 − wF > 0,5 %

KeyA Density ρd, in megagrams per cubic metre (Mg/m3)B Water content w, in percent (%)

Figure D.1 — Example of graph of variation of compacted dry density versus final water content wF

EN 13286-2_e_stf

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