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1 . Giving instructions ( )

1 . you + +Verb(base)

a series of instructions

(First (first of all)( ) , Then() ,Next() ,after that( ), following that( ),finally( )).

, Then base

after that, add your address

you

after that, you add your address

Q /Give instructions for completing a landing card . use: first, then, after that ) and use these statements: Fill in your name Write your flight details. Add your address in the country.

A /first (you have to) fill in your name. Then (you need to ) write your flight details after that , (you) Add your address in the country.

Have to Need to Should Ought to must

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prepared by Q/ Give a series instructions for showing someone the way to the ministry of education . use : (next, then, finally, first of all) and use the following information : (go alone street . turn left. Take the first turning . See it on the left). A / first of all (you have to) go alone street. Then (you ) turn left next(you should be ) Take the first turning after that , See it on the left. Q/ Give a series instructions for showing someone the way. use : (first, then, next, after that, following that, finally) and use the following information : check in your luggage and get your boarding pass. Show your passport and boarding pass at a passport control. Go through security and go to the departure lounge. Fill in a landing card before your plane lands. Show your passport and hand in the landing card a immigration pick up your luggage and go through customs A/ Q/Give instruction for giving presentation. use : ( first, then, finally) and use these statements. (prepare the presentation. attend the conference. give your presentation) A/

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2. Making suggestion()

suggestion

(let's-I suggest - why not - what about)

1. let's + base +............ . 2. I suggest (you, we)+ base + .......... . 3. why not + base + ................ ? 4. what about +V.ing +..............?

let's go over to central park. I suggest you go over to central park. why not go over to central park ? what about going to central park ?

base let's

you or we I suggest

base why not

ing V.ing what about

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Q/ choose the correct answer : ( ) 1. ..........................contact my New York cousin?

(let's I suggest why not what about) 2. ..........................talk again later.

(let's I suggest why not what about) 3. ..........................you call and arrange a time.

(let's I suggest why not what about) 4. ..........................going to the park

(let's I suggest why not what about) 5. ..........................meet at 12:00

(let's I suggest why not what about) 6. ..........................visit the Tourist office to get more information?

(let's I suggest why not what about) 7. ..........................you go to the museum if you have time.

(let's I suggest why not what about) 8. ..........................going for awalk in central park with me?

(let's I suggest why not what about) 9. ..........................keep an afternoon free for seeing the sight of New York?

(let's I suggest why not what about

Base()+complement()

Suggestion() Base()+complement ()

Situation ()

Go to the hospital.

1. sick-ill (), burn ( ), fracture (), cough(), flue(), inflammation(), fever (), bleeding( ), get worse( ), headache( ), toothache( ), stomachache( ), not feeling well( ) (( ))

Open the door.

2. hot()

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Close the door.

3.cold()

Study hard.

4. get high marks ( ), full marks ( ), weak atEnglish ( ) low marks( ),lazy(), hard exam( ) difficult exam ( ).

Have a rest.

5. tried (), busy().

Take a taxi.

6.late(), hurry up (), far(), long way ( ),

Go to the police.

7. lost( ), stolen money( ) , stolen( )

Go to the bank. 8. need some money( ) Go to the CD shop.

9. want a CD( ), CD broken( ), CD damaged( )

Go to the camera shop.

10.want a film( ), a camera( )

Go to the supermarket.

11. food(), vegetable( ), fruit( ), Pepsi( ), cola(), bread( ), ice-cream( ), shopping( ).

Repair it () . , take it on the mechanic ( ).

12. broken car( ), engine problem( )

Go to the picnic.

13. spend(), day off(), holiday(), weekend( )

Go to the restaurant 14.hungry( ) Look on the internet. 15.information about a place( ) Play sport. 16. fat(), lose weight( ) Do to the mobile shop. 17. problem with mobile ( ) Drink a glass of water.

18. thirsty ( )

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you, we V.ing

let's I suggest you, we why not what about V.ing

Q/ It's very cold outdoors.(.....stay here in this room?) use the correct form of suggestion. A/ why not Q/ start the work now.(.....use a suitable form of suggestion) use correct form of suggestion. A/ let's Q/ It's a long way to the zoo.(.....taking a taxi?) use the correct form to express suggestion. A/ what about Q/I have toothache.(you go to the doctor.) use the correct form to express suggestion. A/ I suggest Q/ I have a difficult exam..... study hard? (use the correct way to make suggestion) A/ why not Q/ I've lost my bike. (go to the police) (use the correct way to make suggestion) A/ let's

Q/ we are late, Make suggestion A/ let's take a taxi. Q/ I am very tried. Make suggestion A/why not have a rest? Q/ The weather is hot. Make suggestion A/ I suggest you open the door. Q/ your friend says "I am very hungry". Make suggestion A/let's go to the restaurant.

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Q/ I have a terrible fever. Make suggestion. use "what about" A/ what about going to the hospital?

Q/My new CD is damaged. use (let) to make suggestion. A/ let's go to the CD shop.

Q/I've headache. Make suggestion . use "what about". A/ what about going to the hospital?

Q/I have lost same money. use (why not) to make suggestion. A/ why not go to the police.

Q/ Her car was broken. use (why not) and the prompt (repair it). A/ why not repair it ?

Q/ The weather is cold. use "I suggest" and the prompt (close the door). A/ I suggest you close the door

Q/ I have a difficult exam tomorrow. use " what about " and the prompt (study hard). A/ what about studying hard.

Q/ Choose the correct answer. 1. what about.............a cup of coffee? ( drink to drink drinking drunk)

2. why not.............to the hospital? ( go to go going went)

3.let's..............a rest. (have to have having had)

4. I suggest you............... a taxi . (take to take taking took)

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Agreeing to suggestion ( )

agree \ agreement accept \ acceptance approve \ approval answer \ positively

Good idea Great idea. fantastic ideal. Q/why not go to the hospital? agree A/ Good idea Q/agree with his suggestion to open the door. A/ Good idea Q/ agree to this suggestion. what about going to the park this evening? A/ Good idea

Disagreeing to suggestion ( )

disagree \ disagreement refuse \ refusal reject answer \ negatively

I'm not sure. may be not. No, I don't think so Q/let's study hard. Disagree A/ I'm not sure Q/ Disagree to this suggestion. why not take a taxi? A/ may be not. Q/ Disagree with her suggestion to go the super market? A/ I'm not sure.

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3.Giving advice ( )

ought to you +should +Verb (base) + ................

must had better ('d better)

you Q/ I have a terrible fever( ).(..........go to the hospital).use the correct from to give an advice. A/ you should. Q/ I have a difficult exam tomorrow.(study hard).use the correct from to express an advice. A/ you ought to Q/ I am late> (...........take a taxi). use a suitable from to give an advice. A/ you ought to Q/ I have last my wallet( ). (go to the police). use the correct way to give an advice. A/ you should Q/ I haven't got any more cola. (........go to super market). use the correct from to express an advice. A/ you had better

Q/ I have got a really bad headache. (advice. use: should) A/ you should go to hospital. Q/ I've got problems with my mobile.(use:" 'd better" to give an advice) A/ you'd better go to the mobile shop. Q/ This new CD is damaged.(advise. use "must") A/you must go to the CD shop. Q/ there's no food in the house and my friend is coming for dinner. (advise. use: "ought") A/ you ought to go to the supermarket. Q/ I haven't been feeling well for a while. (advise. use: "must"). A/ you must go to the supermarket.

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4.Tag question ( ) Tag question

Ali :he Tara :She New York :it The conference :it Ali and Tara: they people: they

the the they

The door : it the boy : They

٥.

٦. not n't

Is not :isn't are not: aren't were not: weren't

*

Will not :won't Shall not : shan't can not: can't

n't

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( is, are, am, was, were, do, does, did, can, could, will, would, Shall, should, may, might, must, ought to, ((has, have,had)+pp))

Q/ He is a teacher…………( Tag question)

A/ isn't he?

Q/ you're in grade 12,………( Tag question)

A/ aren't you?

Q/Lana didn't come to school yesterday, did she?( Tag question).

Q/ you older brother can't drive a car, can he? ( Tag question).

Q/ We've spoken English, haven't we? ( Tag question)

Q/ You'll be a teacher, won't you? ( Tag question)

Q/ The letter is mailed, isn't it? ( Tag question)

Q/ The students shouldn't do that, should they? ( Tag question)

Q/ The boys will go to the zoo tomorrow, won't they? ( Tag question)

Q/ Your subjects are English and French, aren't there? ( Tag question)

Q/ There is a little milk in the bottle, isn't there? ( Tag question)

Q/ We shan't buy a car, shall we? ( Tag question)

Q/I had sold 300 cars, hasn't I? ( Tag question)

Q/ Then the Students have trained well, haven't they? ( Tag question)

Q/ I won't drive a car, will I? ( Tag question)

Q/ These books are famous, aren't they? ( Tag question)

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don't, doesn't, didn't

don't, doesn't

don't base I, We, you, they doesn't s he, she, it

don't

Q/ The students go to the park tomorrow, don't they?

Q/ Tara Likes drama, doesn't she?

Q/ The boys played well, didn't they?

Q/ Ali puplis take summer holiday in Britain, don't they?

Q/ My father drove a car last night, didn't he?

Q/ Salar writes a letter, doesn't he?

Q/ The students went to the park yesterday, didn't they?

adverb verb

(always, usually, ever, never, sometimes, often, also, just, probably)

Q/ He probably feels tried, doesn't he?

Q/ I always go in spring, don't I?

have to, has to, had to don't have to

doesn't has to didn't had to

Q/ people have to keep the environment, don't they? ( tag question) Q/ Lana has to help her mother, doesn't she ? ( tag question) Q/The students had to study hard last year, didn't they? ( tag question) Q/Ali has to read a book, doesn't he? ( tag question) Q/Azad had to carry the box, didn't he? ( tag question) Q/The workers have to work at night, don't they ? ( tag question)

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's has pp is pp

Q/ He's writing a letter, isn't he ? ( tag question) Q/ She's bought a car, hasn't she? ( tag question) Q/ He's is an officer, isn't he? ( tag question) Q/ He's already travelled London, hasn't he? ( tag question) Q/She's very clever, isn't she? ( tag question)

Activity book 1. The conference start tomorrows, doesn't it? (tag question) 2. you aren't giving your presentation tomorrow, aren't you? (tag question) 3. you don't know anyone in New York, do you? (tag question) 4. New York is a huge city, isn't it? (tag question) 5. you won't get home until next week, won't you? (tag question) 6. there are people from all over the world at the conference, aren't there? (tag question) 7. The conference isn't going to begin today, is it? (tag question) 8. people have to go to the conference centre tomorrow morning, don't they? (tag

question) 9. you haven't had a time to explore New York yet, have you? (tag question)

10. you can't see central park from your hostel, can you? (tag question)

1. you live in Kurdistan, ..........................? (did you don't you do you, didn't you) 2. The players played well, .....................? (weren't they did they don't they didn't they) 3. They had to attend the meeting yesterday,...................? (had they hadn't they didn't they did they) 4. She's looked after the patients,.............................? (doesn't she isn't she hasn't she didn't she 5.The students study well every day, ....................? (don't they haven't they aren't they do they)

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5. Comparative and Superlative( )

er est (tall, old, small, warm, rich, quiet) tall : taller : the tallest

e r st

(large, late, strange, safe) large : larger : the largest

er est

(hot, big, thin, fat, sad, wet) hot : hotter : the hottest

(a, e, i, o, u) y y i

er est (easy, happy, noisy, heavy funny, lucky, lazy, silly) easy : easier : the easiest

more the most

(expensive, difficult, beautiful, exciting, careful, different, successful) expensive : more expensive : the most expensive

syllable e

expensive ( ) large( ) beautiful( )

er est Superlative form () Comparative form () adjective

The best better Good The worst worse bad The least less little The farthest farther far

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ly More The most well

Superlative Adverb ( )

Comparative Adverb ( )

Adverb( )

The most quickly More quickly quickly The most quickly More quickly slowly The best better well

Comparative

than, from much, alot much, alot

Q/ Hawler is (large) than Duhok.(use the correct adjective from in brackets) A/ larger Q/we didn't want to live in .............. .city than New York. (use the correct comparative from of "busy") A/busier Q/Everything is ................... .(a lot quiet) there. (use the correct comparative from of "a lot quiet") A/ a lot quieter Q/ The health care in southern Africa is getting............than before.(use the correct comparative from of "bad") A/ Worse Q/ All wanted a..............than before.(use correct from of "good") A/ better Q/ Life in New York is much busier than (much busy than) before. (use the correct adjective from in brackets) Q/Azad is (much well) than Ali.(use the correct comparative form of "much well") A/ Q/Life in Hawler is much less busy .(much little busy) than before (use the correct comparative form of "much little busy" Q/Arabic is ...............(difficult) than English.(use the correct comparative form of " difficult "). A/ more difficult Q/Arabic is ......................(much difficult than) English.( use the correct comparative form of " much little difficult "). A/ much less difficult

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fromdifficult than than Q/ Life here is(difficult from) before.(use the correct comparative form of " difficult from "). A/ more difficult from. Q/Ali acted (friendly)than me.(use the correct comparative form of "friendly"). A/ more friendly . Q/people are also a lot more friendly than (a lot friendly than) they are here. (use the correct comparative form of " a lot friendly than "). Q/ They get to know you much better than (much well than) there is here in New York. (use the correct adjective in brackets). Q/there is........................(much little work than) there is here in New York. (use the correct adjective in brackets). A/ much less work than.

Superlative form

the in, on+

(on earth, in the world, in the class) of+

(day of the year, season of the year, month of the year) present perfect

(I've ever know, I've ever seen)

Q/Erbil citadel is ...............(old) place in the world .(use the correct superlative form of "old") A/ the oldest Q/Ali is (good) student in the class.(use the correct superlative form of " good ") A/ the best Q/ It's simply.................(exciting) city on Earth. (use the correct adjective form of " exciting ") A/the most exciting Q/ It's ..................(safe) city I've ever know. .(use the correct superlative form of " safe ") A/the safest Q/ Summer is .........(hot) season of the year.(use the correct superlative form of " hot ") A/ the hottest Q/ That was ..................(good) holiday I've had for a long time. A/ the best Q/ what's................ (long) river in the world.( use the correct superlative form of " long ") A/ the longest

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1. The health care in southern Africa is getting............than before. (bad worse the worst badder) 2. Manhattan is one of the .................. boroughs in New York. (more famous most famous much famous little famous) 3. Captain Bill was .................. sailor in the Admiral Benbow Inn. (the little neruous the more neruous the most neruous the much neruous) Past Simple and perfect tenses( ) 1.Past Simple ( )

( Subject +Verb (Past) +................. )

-Azad Played football last night. -Lana wrote a letter yesterday. - He was a student a year ago.

last (last night, last month,............) ago (two days ago, three years ago,............) yesterday In(2006)

Verb(be) was, were

A. affirmative form ( ) was I, he, she, it were We, you, they

-I was a teacher three years ago. - They were happy last night.

be was, were Q/ I (be) at home yesterday. (use the correct form of the verb in brackets) A/ was Q/We(be) in the park last night A/ were

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B. Negative form ( ) not be was not were not not be was not were not

- He was not happy yesterday. - They were not at home last night.

Q/ She (not be) in the park last night.(use the correct form of the verb in brackets) A/ was not Q/you (not be) at home yesterday.(use the correct form of the verb in brackets) A/were not

was were ?

-was he at home yesterday? -were they in the park last night? Q/ (be) he at home yesterday?(use the correct form of the verb in brackets) A/ was Q/ (be) you happy last night ?(use the correct form of the verb in brackets) A/ were

-When was he last night ? Q/ Where (you be) yesterday?(use the correct form of the verb in brackets) A/ were you

A. Affirmative form ( )

ed played ed went

I played football last night. we went to the park yesterday. Q/ They (move) to New York in 2006. (use the correct form of the verb in brackets) A/moved Q/ Ali (buy) a new car yesterday. (use the correct form of the verb in brackets) A/ bought

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B. Negative form ( ) didnot

didn't didnot +base() -I didn't play football last night. we didn't go to the park yesterday.

not didn't not play didn't play not go didn't go not went didn't go

Q/ I (not study) English last night. (use the correct form of the verb in brackets) A/ didn't study Q/ She (not wrote) a letter yesterday. (use the correct form of the verb in brackets) A/ didn't write C. Interrogative form( )

did Did + Subject + V (base) + Complement ? -Did he go to the park last night?

(what, where, when, who, why, how, .....) where did he go last night ? Q/(you play) football yesterday ? (use the correct form of the verb in brackets) A/ Did you play Q/(they win) the math last night ? (use the correct form of the verb in brackets) A/Did they win Q/what (you buy) yesterday? (use the correct form of the verb in brackets) A/did you buy

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2. past perfect( )

Subject + had + pp + complement. Ali had played football He had sold 200 cars.

(by, before, until, when, after, because) by, before, until, when by, before, until, when,

by before until + past simple form( ) , past perfect form ( ) when

by, until

past perfect form + before + past simple form( ) when

after after + past perfect form ( ) , past simple form( )

after, because past simple form( ) + after + past perfect form ( ) because

because Q/ By 2010, most people(use) mobile. (use the correct form of the verb in brackets) A/ had used Q/ Before 1800, most immigration(be) from Britain. (use the correct form of the verb in brackets) A/had been Q/ until Europeans start arriving, American's population (remain) small. (use the correct form of the verb in brackets) A/ had remained Q/ After he (write) his work, he went out. (use the correct form of the verb in brackets) A/had written Q/When I (meet) him, he (type) the report. (use the correct form of the verb in brackets) A/met / had typed Q/ She got high marks because she (study) hard. (use the correct form of the verb in brackets) A/had studied

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1. By the time the police officers (arrive), the pirates (already leave) the bay. A/ arrived / had already left

2. Until Helen (go) to the college in san Francisco, she (never tarvel) A/ went / had never travelled

3. She (choose) to study there because she (always want) to experience lift in California. A/ chose / had always wanted

4. After she (decide) to work in publishing, she (also decide) to move to New York. A/had decide / also decide

5.Before he (go) out, he (complete) it . A/ went / had complete

6. After we (be) able to win the game, we (be) very happy. A/ had been / were

Q/ Choose the correct answer:

1. All the farmers ................ New techniques in this farmland after they .............. a lot last year. (A. had used /lost B. used / had lost C. use /will lose D. use/ lose)

2. When I ................... the office, the meeting.................. A. had arrived / began B. arrived / had began C. arrive / will began D. arrive begin

3. After he .......... the report, he..........the office .

A. had typed / left B. typed / had left C. will typed / leaves D. has typed /left

4. Before the party ........... , all the guests ............. the hall.

A. began / had entered B. had begun / entered C. begin / will entered D. will begin / entered

5. By the time they (call) the passengers, they (manage) to find another plane . A. call / manage B. called / managed C. called /had manged D.had clled / managed

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3. Past continuous ( )

Subject + was + V.ing + complement were

was I, he, she, it were We, you, they

ing I was playing football They were playing football

while, as while, as

as + past continuous ( ), past simple ( ) while S + was +V.ing + Comp S + past form + C were -while he was reading a book, his father arrived.

past simple ( ) + as + past continuous ( ), S + past form + C while S + was +V.ing + Comp were - His father arrived while he was reading a book.

Q/ while they (play) in the street, it began to rain. (use the correct form of the verb in brackets) A/were playing Q/She watched TV while we (visit) her. use the correct form of the verb in brackets) A/were visiting Q/ use the correct form of the verbs between the brackets: 1. while I (walk) round the park, I (take) some photos. A/ was walking / took 2.she (see) him while they (have) party. A/ saw / were having Q/ Choose the correct answer: 1. while they .................in the street, it......... to rain A. played / begun B. had played / begun C. were playing / began D. played / had begun

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(already, just, ever, never, for, since, yet, not.......yet) A. Affirmative form( ) Subject + has + pp + complement. have

he, she, it has I, We, you, they have

- He has already arrived. -They have already arrived. B. Negative form( )

not has, have Subject + has not + pp + complement have not

he, she, it has not I, We, you, they have not

- He has not found the job yet.

- we have not found the job yet.

C. Interrogative form( ) has, have

has + Subject + pp + complement ? have + Subject + pp + complement ?

he, she, it has I, We, you, they have

- Has he ever visited New York ? - Have you ever visited New York ?

already, just, never has, have pp yet ever pp

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since, for

Q/ They (already climb) the mountain. (use the correct form of the verb in brackets) A/ have already climbed

Q/Azad (not start) the project yet. (use the correct form of the verb in brackets) A/ has not started

Q/ (you ever be) to London ? (use the correct form of the verb in brackets) A/ Have you ever been

Q/ I (just buy) a car. (use the correct form of the verb in brackets) A/ have just bought

Q/Ali (live) in London for five years. (use the correct form of the verb in brackets) A/has lived

Q/ Hawler is the capital of KRG since the uprising of 1991.(use the correct form of the verb in brackets) A/ has been

Q/ I (never feel) happy in my life. (use the correct form of the verb in brackets) A/ have never felt

Q/ It (not be) a heavy rain yet. (use the correct form of the verb in brackets) A/ has not been

Q/They (just bring) the report. (use the correct form of the verb in brackets) A/ have just brought

Q/ (you do) your home work yet? (use the correct form of the verb in brackets) A/ Have you done

Q/ They (not write) the report yet. (use the correct form of the verb in brackets) A/ Have not written

Q/ choose the correct answer: 1. The organizer of the program............yet. A. hasn't started B. wasn't start C. haven't started D. is starting

2. I ............................ English for four years. A. is starting B. have studied C. was study D. study

3. ..................to go back to New York ? A. Has you ever want B. Have you ever wanted C. Have you ever want D. has you ever wanted

4. The engineers ..................the project. A. has never seen B. have never seen C. is never see D. is never seeing

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5. Present perfect continuous ( )

Subject + has been + V.ing + Complement he, she, it has

- He has been working.

Subject + have been + V.ing + Complement I, We, you, they have

They have been burning. Q/ She (stay) with his cousin for nearly two weeks. (put the verb in the present perfect continuous) A/ has been studying

Q/ you (cross) broklyn ever since the air port. (put the verb in the present perfect continuous) A/ have been crossing

Q/I (wait) to get my luggage for hours. (put the verb in the present perfect continuous) A/ have been waiting

Q/ Azad has been studying English.(change the sentence into present perfect) A/ Azad has studied English

Q/ Asian immigrant numbers have increased steadily . (change the sentence into present perfect continuous) A/ Asian immigrant numbers have been increasing steadily

Q/ We have been watching TV for five hours. (change the sentence into present perfect) A/ We have watched TV for five hours.

Q/ Azad has driven a car. (change the sentence into present perfect continuous) A/ Azad has been driving a car .