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EMR’14CoimbraJune 2014
Summer School EMR’14“Energetic Macroscopic Representation”
« EMR and energy management of a Hybrid ESS of an Electric Vehicle »
Dr. J. Trovão, F. Machado, Prof. A. Bouscayrol, Dr. W. Lhomme (INESC Coimbra, IPC/ISEC, Portugal
L2EP, Université Lille1, France,)
http://www.emrwebsite.org/
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EMR’14, Coimbra, June 20142
« EMR and IBC of an Electric Vehicle »
- Introduction -
« EMR AND ENERGY MANAGEMENT OF A HYBRID ESS OF AN ELECTRIC VEHICLE »
http://www.plugincars.com/
– ELECTRIC VEHICLES :
• the key components toSUSTAINABLE MOBILITY !
– BARRIERS…
– ENERGY STORAGE…
» 100 years old problem!
– BATTERIES (best suitable energy storage forvehicles):
» expensive, heavy, bulky, low specific energyand/or power, and limited cycles-life;
POSSIBLE SOLUTION : HYBRIDIZATION USING SCSOBJECTIVE :
• A STRUCTURING method for ENERGY MANAGEMENT definition;
• For battery lifetime improvement.
Electric Vehicles is a key components to SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY !
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EMR’14, Coimbra, June 20143
« EMR and IBC of an Electric Vehicle »
- Outline -
« EMR AND ENERGY MANAGEMENT OF A HYBRID ESS OF AN ELECTRIC VEHICLE »
1. Power System Description
2. Modelling and Control of the System Using EMR
3. Management Strategy Definition
4. Simulation Results (using ECE 15 Driving Cycle)
5. Conclusions
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EMR’14CoimbraJune 2014
Summer School EMR’14“Energetic Macroscopic Representation”
« Power System Description »
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EMR’14, Coimbra, June 20145
« EMR and IBC of an Electric Vehicle »
- L2EP Electric Vehicle: Tazzari Zero EV -
« EMR AND ENERGY MANAGEMENT OF A HYBRID ESS OF AN ELECTRIC VEHICLE »
– Neighborhood Electric Vehicle (NEV)
– Vehicle mass (tare): 407.60 kg
– Motor power: 15 kW ;
– Lithium-ion: 24 x 5.6 = 134.4 kg
– Driving Range: 140 km
– Maximum speed: 85 km/h;
– Maximum Aceleration: 0-50 km/h < 5 s;
– DC bus Voltage: 80 V.
Tazzari Zero characteristics
ubat i im2
1 2 3
Tim
Ωgear i im1
i ts
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EMR’14, Coimbra, June 20146
« EMR and IBC of an Electric Vehicle »
- L2EP Electric Vehicle: Tazzari Zero EV -
« EMR AND ENERGY MANAGEMENT OF A HYBRID ESS OF AN ELECTRIC VEHICLE »
– CURRENT TOPOLOGY CONFIGURATION :• Li-ion Batteries fed directly the traction system;
• No control on the DC bus voltage;
• The batteries voltage decrease
⇒ the powertrain current increase!
ubat i im2
1 2 3
Tim
Ωgear i im1
its
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EMR’14, Coimbra, June 20147
« EMR and IBC of an Electric Vehicle »
- L2EP Electric Vehicle: Tazzari Zero EV -
« EMR AND ENERGY MANAGEMENT OF A HYBRID ESS OF AN ELECTRIC VEHICLE »
– NEW TOPOLOGY CONFIGURATION :• Active parallel topology with Batteries and Supercapacitors;
• A DC/DC converter per source is used;
• The input voltage of these converter can be different and the output can beadjustable to a shared DC bus supplying the traction system.
• NiMH Batteries• 5.8 kW; 13 A.h• Total Weight: 48 kg
• Suparcapacitors• 48 kW; 125 F• Total Weight: 35.6 kg
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EMR’14CoimbraJune 2014
Summer School EMR’14“Energetic Macroscopic Representation”
« Main Objective… »
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EMR’14, Coimbra, June 20149
« EMR and IBC of an Electric Vehicle »
- Energy Management Structure -
« EMR AND ENERGY MANAGEMENT OF A HYBRID ESS OF AN ELECTRIC VEHICLE »
EV Management Layer
EV Control Layer
HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE OF THE EMS.
vSC
iSC
SC
ibat
vbat
bat
SC Bat.
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EMR’14CoimbraJune 2014
Summer School EMR’14“Energetic Macroscopic Representation”
« Modelling and Control of the System Using EMR »
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EMR’14, Coimbra, June 201411
« EMR and IBC of an Electric Vehicle »
- EMR of the Hybrid ESS EV -
« EMR AND ENERGY MANAGEMENT OF A HYBRID ESS OF AN ELECTRIC VEHICLE »
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EMR’14, Coimbra, June 201412
« EMR and IBC of an Electric Vehicle »
- EMR of the Hybrid ESS EV -
« EMR AND ENERGY MANAGEMENT OF A HYBRID ESS OF AN ELECTRIC VEHICLE »
or
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EMR’14, Coimbra, June 201413
« EMR and IBC of an Electric Vehicle »
- EMR of the Hybrid ESS EV -
« EMR AND ENERGY MANAGEMENT OF A HYBRID ESS OF AN ELECTRIC VEHICLE »
– Modelling the Environment;
– Modelling the Chassis;
– Modelling the Gearbox;
– Modelling the Electric motor and its controller;
– Modelling the Parallel coupling;
– Modelling the DC bus.
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EMR’14, Coimbra, June 201414
« EMR and IBC of an Electric Vehicle »
- Tuning path -
Objectives: control the EV velocity and DC bus voltage
Tuning variable: modulation ratio of the DC/DC converters and motor torque reference
– POWERTRAIN CONTROL :
– FEEDING SYSTEM CONTROL:
« EMR AND ENERGY MANAGEMENT OF A HYBRID ESS OF AN ELECTRIC VEHICLE »
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EMR’14, Coimbra, June 201415
« EMR and IBC of an Electric Vehicle »
- Maximum Control Structure -
Maximum Control Structure : • inversion of each element step-by-step (4 controllers and 1 strategy algorithm)
« EMR AND ENERGY MANAGEMENT OF A HYBRID ESS OF AN ELECTRIC VEHICLE »
KD=f(Pdem, SoCbat, SoCsc, Vbat, Vsc)
0 100 200 300 400 500 6000
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Vel
ocid
ade
[km
/h]
v(t)
– Driving Cycle profile;
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EMR’14CoimbraJune 2014
Summer School EMR’14“Energetic Macroscopic Representation”
« Management Strategy Definition »
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EMR’14, Coimbra, June 201417
« EMR and IBC of an Electric Vehicle »
- Strategy Definition -
« EMR AND ENERGY MANAGEMENT OF A HYBRID ESS OF AN ELECTRIC VEHICLE »
REMEMBER:OBJECTIVE ⇒⇒⇒⇒ HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE .
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EMR’14, Coimbra, June 201418
« EMR and IBC of an Electric Vehicle »
- Strategy Definition -
« EMR AND ENERGY MANAGEMENT OF A HYBRID ESS OF AN ELECTRIC VEHICLE »
Original EMR.
Equivalent EMR for EMS definition.
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EMR’14, Coimbra, June 201419
« EMR and IBC of an Electric Vehicle »
- Strategy Definition -
« EMR AND ENERGY MANAGEMENT OF A HYBRID ESS OF AN ELECTRIC VEHICLE »
A. STRATEGY LEVEL.
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EMR’14, Coimbra, June 201420
« EMR and IBC of an Electric Vehicle »
- Strategy Definition -
« EMR AND ENERGY MANAGEMENT OF A HYBRID ESS OF AN ELECTRIC VEHICLE »
B. DECISION LEVEL.
DECISION Linear Programing
One-dimensional Problem
Two-dimensionalProblem
KD
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EMR’14, Coimbra, June 201421
« EMR and IBC of an Electric Vehicle »
- Strategy Definition -
« EMR AND ENERGY MANAGEMENT OF A HYBRID ESS OF AN ELECTRIC VEHICLE »
B. DECISION LEVEL.
vSC
iSC
SC
ibat
vbat
bat
SC Bat.
STRATEGY LEVEL
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EMR’14CoimbraJune 2014
Summer School EMR’14“Energetic Macroscopic Representation”
« Simulation Results »
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EMR’14, Coimbra, June 201423
« EMR and IBC of an Electric Vehicle »
- Simulation Results -
« EMR AND ENERGY MANAGEMENT OF A HYBRID ESS OF AN ELECTRIC VEHICLE »
DECISION LEVEL.
STRATEGY LEVEL.
EMS.
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EMR’14, Coimbra, June 201424
« EMR and IBC of an Electric Vehicle »
- Simulation Results -
« EMR AND ENERGY MANAGEMENT OF A HYBRID ESS OF AN ELECTRIC VEHICLE »
24
0 50 100 150 2000
50
Spe
ed [k
m/h]
ref.
Tazzari
0 50 100 150 200-505
1015
Pow
er [k
W]
Pdem
PBat
PSC
0 50 100 150 20060
80
100
Voltage
[V]
VdcLink-ref
VdcLink
0 50 100 150 2000
50
100
I Bat [A
]
Ibat-ref
Ibat
0 50 100 150 200-200
0
200
I SC [A
]
ISC-ref
ISC
0 50 100 150 200
50
100
SoC
[%]
Time [s]
SoCbat
SoCSC
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EMR’14CoimbraJune 2014
Summer School EMR’14“Energetic Macroscopic Representation”
« Conclusions »
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EMR’14, Coimbra, June 201426
« EMR and IBC of an Electric Vehicle »
- Conclusions -
« EMR AND ENERGY MANAGEMENT OF A HYBRID ESS OF AN ELECTRIC VEHICLE »
• The new hybrid power system is addressed.
• EMR and its control is developed and presented.
• Management Strategy is structured based on EMR.
• Management Strategy: strategic level + decision level:
– to determine the best power sharing solution under strategi corientations.
• The results demonstrate that the EMS may be used effectively .
The approach fulfills the main objectives of hybridization:
– Reducing the battery requirements ;– Controlling the SCs to support power peaks/store regenerat ive
energy .
As main results:– Batteries’ lifetime improvement;– More power for accelerations/better usage of regenerative energy.