Employment and Earnings Vol. 22 No. 4 October 1975 Joseph M. Finerty, Editor Gloria P. Green, Associate Editor James A. McCall, Associate Editor CONTENTS Page List of statistical tables 2 Employment and unemployment developments, September 1975 6 BLS establishment estimates revised to March 1974 benchmark* levels 8 Charts 14 Statistical tables: Monthly household data 25 Quarterly averages—Household data 56 Monthly establishment data 73 Monthly unemployment insurance data 138 Major industry series, revised to 1974 benchmarks 140 Current seasonal adjustment factors for establishment data 154 Explanatory notes 157 CALENDAR OF FEATURES tn addition to the monthly data appearing regularly in Employment and Earnings, special features appear in most of the issues, as shown below: Household data Annual averages Revised seasonally adjusted series Quarterly averages: Seasonally adjusted data Persons not in labor force Persons of Spanish origin Vietnam-Era veterans and nonveterans Poverty-nonpoverty area data Establishment data National annual averages: Industry divisions (preliminary) Industry detail (final) Women employment (National) National data adjusted to new benchmarks Revised seasonally adjusted series State and area annual averages Area definitions Jan. x X X Feb. x X Mar. X Apr. X May X X X June July X Aug. x Oct. X (1) (1) Nov. X Dec. The issue that introduces the establishment data adjusted to new benchmarks varies. The October 1975 issue the introduction of March 1974 benchmarks. marks Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
172
Embed
fraser.stlouisfed.orgEmployment and Earnings Vol. 22 No. 4 October 1975 Joseph M. Finerty, Editor Gloria P. Green, Associate Editor James A. McCall, Associate Editor CONTENTS Page
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Employment and EarningsVol. 22 No. 4 October 1975
Joseph M. Finerty, Editor
Gloria P. Green, Associate Editor
James A. McCall, Associate Editor
C O N T E N T S Page
List of statistical tables 2
Employment and unemployment developments, September 1975 6
BLS establishment estimates revised to March 1974 benchmark* levels 8
Charts 14
Statistical tables:
Monthly household data 25
Quarterly averages—Household data 56
Monthly establishment data 73
Monthly unemployment insurance data 138
Major industry series, revised to 1974 benchmarks 140
Current seasonal adjustment factors for establishment data 154
Explanatory notes 157
CALENDAR OF FEATURES
tn addition to the monthly data appearing regularly in Employment andEarnings, special features appear in most of the issues, as shown below:
Household data
Annual averagesRevised seasonally adjusted seriesQuarterly averages:Seasonally adjusted dataPersons not in labor forcePersons of Spanish originVietnam-Era veterans and nonveteransPoverty-nonpoverty area data
Establishment data
National annual averages:Industry divisions (preliminary)Industry detail (final)
Women employment (National)
National data adjusted to new benchmarks
Revised seasonally adjusted series
State and area annual averages
Area definitions
Jan.
x
X
X
Feb.
x
X
Mar.
X
Apr.
X
M a y
X
X
X
June July
X
Aug.
x
Oct.
X
(1)
(1)
Nov.
X
Dec.
The issue that introduces the establishment data adjusted to new benchmarks varies. The October 1975 issuethe introduction of March 1974 benchmarks.
marks
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MONTHLY HOUSEHOLD DATA
Employment Status
A- 1: Employment status of the noninstitutional population, 1929 to date 25A- 2: Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over
by sex, 1947 to date 26A- 3: Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex, age, and color 27A- 4: Labor force by sex, age, and color 29A- 5: Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex, age, and color 31A- 6: Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16-21 years of age
by color and sex 31A- 7: Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force by color, sex, and age • 32
Characteristics of the Unemployed
A- 8: Unemployed persons by sex and age 33A- 9: Unemployed persons by marital status, sex, age, and color 33A-10: Unemployed persons by occupation of last job and sex 34A-11: Unemployed persons by industry of last job and sex 34A-12: Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex and age, and color 35A-13: Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, duration, sex, and age 35A-14: Unemployed jobseekers by the jobsearch methods used, sex, age, and color 35A-15: Unemployed jobseekers by the jobsearch methods used, sex, and reason
for unemployment 36A-16: Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment 37A-17: Unemployed persons by duration, sex, age, color, and marital status 37A-18: Unemployed persons by duration, occupation, and industry of last job 38
Characteristics of the Employed
A-19: Employed persons by sex and age 38A-20: Employed persons by occupational group, sex, and age 39A-21: Employed persons by major occupational group, sex, and color 40A-22: Employed persons by class of worker, age, and sex 41A-23: Employed persons with a job but not at work by reason, pay status, and sex 42A-24: Persons at work by type of industry and hours of work 42A-25: Persons at work 1-34 hours by usual status and reason working less than 35 hours 43A-26: Nonagricultural workers by industry and full- or part-time status 43A-27: Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by full- or part-time status, sex and age,
color, and marital status . 44A-28: Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by full- or part-time status and sex 46
Characteristics of 14 and 15 Year-olds
A-29: Employment status of 14-15 year-olds by sex and color 48
A-30: Employed 14-15 year-olds by sex, class of worker, and major occupational group 48
Seasonally Adjusted Employment and Unemployment Data
A-31: Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted 49A-32: Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force, seasonally adjusted 49A-33: Employment status by color, sex, and age, seasonally adjusted 50A-34: Major unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted 51A-35: Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted 51A-36: Rates of unemployment by sex and age, seasonally adjusted 52A-37: Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted . . . . * , 52A-38: Employed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted 53A-39: Employed persons by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted 54
Characteristics of Vietnam-Era Veterans and Nonveterans
A-40: Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans 20 to 34 years of age 55
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
QUARTERLY HOUSEHOLD DATA
Page
Seasonally Adjusted Employment and Unemployment Data
A-41: Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex, age, and colorseasonally adjusted 56
A-42: Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force by sex and age, seasonally adjusted 57A-43: Employment status by color, sex, and age, seasonally adjusted 58A-44: Major unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted 59A-45: Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted 59A-46: Rates of unemployment by sex and age, seasonally adjusted 60A-47: Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted 60A-48: Employed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted 61A-49: Employed persons by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted 62
Persons Not In Labor Force
A-50: Job desire of persons not in labor force, by current acitivity, reasons for not seeking work,sex, and color, seasonally adjusted 63
A-51: Job desire of persons not in labor force and reasons for not seeking work, by age and sex 64A-52: Job desire of persons not in labor force and reasons for not seeking work by age, color, and sex 65A-53: Persons not in labor force who desire to work but think they cannot get jobs, by age, color, sex,
and detailed reason 65A-54: Most recent work experience of persons not in labor force and reason for leaving last job for those
who worked during previous 12 months by age, color, and sex 66A-55: Work-seeking intentions of persons not in labor force and work history of those who intend
to seek work within next 12 months by age, color, and sex 66
Persons of Spanish Origin
A-56: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population of Spanish origin and
color, by sex and age 67
Vietnam-Era Veterans and Nonveterans Data
A-57: Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans 20 to 34 years of age 68A-58: Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans 20 to 34 years by age and color . . . . 69
Metropolitan-nonmetropolitan and Poverty-non poverty Area Data
A-59: Employment status of the population in metropolitan-nonmetropolitan areas, by sex, age, and color 70A-60: Employment status of the population in poverty and nonpoverty areas, by color 71A-61: Unemployment rates for selected labor force groups in poverty and nonpoverty areas, by sex, age,
and color 71
MONTHLY ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Employment—National
B- 1: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry division, 1919 to date 73B- 2: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry 74B- 3: Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industryB- 4: Indexes of employment on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division, 1919 to date,
monthly data seasonally adjusted 82B- 5: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry, seasonally adjusted 83B- 6: Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted 84B- 7: Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment increased, 1972 to date 85
Employment—State and Area
B- 8: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas, by industry division 86
Monthly data in February, May, August, and November issues; annual averages in March issue.
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MONTHLY ESTABLISHMENT DATA-Continued
PageHours and Earnings—National
C- 1: Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on privatenonagricultural payrolls, 1955 to date 97
C- 2: Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on privatenonagriculturai payrolls, by industry 98
C- 3: Employment, hours, and indexes of earnings in the Executive Branch of theFederal Government 112
C- 4: Average hourly earnings excluding overtime of production workers on-manufacturingpayrolls, by industry .• 112
C- 5: Gross and spendable average weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisoryworkers on private nonagricultural payrolls, in current and 1967 dollars 113
C- 6: Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls of production or nonsupervisory workerson private nonagricultural payrolls 114
C- 7: Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagriculturalpayrolls, seasonally adjusted 116
C- 8: Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on privatenonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted , 117
C- 9: Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division 117C-10: Indexes of output and compensation per hour, unit costs, and prices, private
economy, seasonally adjusted 118C-11: Percent changes from preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly compensation,
unit costs, and prices, private economy, seasonally adjusted, at annual rate 119C-12: Indexes of average hourly earnings, private nonfarm economy, adjusted for overtime
(in manufacturing only) and interindustry employment shifts, by industry division, 1964 to date • • • • 120C-13: Four-quarter changes in compensation, seasonally adjusted 121C-14: Quarter-to-quarter changes in compensation, seasonally adjusted 121C-15: Twelve-month changes in compensation, seasonally adjusted 122C-16: Six-month changes in compensation, seasonally adjusted 122C-17: Average hourly or weekly compensation, seasonally adjusted 123
Hours and Earnings—State and Area
C-18: Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by
State and selected areas 124
Labor Turnover—National
D- 1: Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, 1963 to date 129D- 2: Labor turnover rates, by industry 130
D- 3: Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, 1963 to date, seasonally adjusted 134
Labor Turnover—State and Area
D- 4: Labor turnover rates in manufacturing for selected States and areas 135
MONTHLY UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE DATA
E- 1: Insured unemployment under State programs 138E- 2: Insured unemployment in 150 major labor areas 139
Contents continued
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
BENCHMARK REVISIONS-ESTABLISHMENT DATA
PageMonthly Data
A: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry, 1973 to date 140B: Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, 1973 to date 142C: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry, seasonally adjusted, 1970 to date 142D: Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted,
1970 to date 146E: Hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls,
1973 to date 148F: Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls,
seasonally adjusted, 1970 to date 149G: Average weekly overtime hours of production workers on manufacturing payrolls, seasonally adjusted,
1970 to date 152H: Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls,
seasonally adjusted, 1970 to date 152
I: Earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls,seasonally adjusted, 1970 to date • • 1 5 3
Seasonal Factors
J: Seasonal adjustment factors for employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industrydivision and groups 154
K: Seasonal adjustment factors for labor turnover rates in manufacturing 154L: Seasonal adjustment factors for production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls 155M: Seasonal adjustment factors for average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonagricultural payrolls 155N: Seasonal adjustment factors for average weekly overtime hours of production workers
on manufacturing payrolls 156O: Seasonal adjustment factors for average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonagricultural payrolls 156P: Seasonal adjustment factors for indexes of average hourly earnings adjusted for overtime
(in manufacturing only) and interindustry employment shifts of production or nonsupervisoryworkers on private nonagricultural payrolls 156
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Employment and Unemployment Developments,September 1975
Unemployment and total employment were littlechanged in September while nonagricultural payroll em-ployment continued to rise. The unemployment ratewas 8.3 percent, little different from July and Augustwhen it was 8.4 percent but substantially below therecession peak of 8.9 percent reached in the secondquarter of the year.
Total employment—as measured by the monthlysurvey of households—was about unchanged from Au-gust to September after posting a gain of one and a halfmillion in the previous 5-month span. Employment haddeclined by 2.6 million over the September-March period.
Total nonagricultural payroll employment—as mea-sured by the monthly survey of establishments—increased by about 180,000 in September, nearly all of itin the bellwether manufacturing industries. Since theJune low, payroll employment has risen by 870,000,which has resulted in a considerable narrowing of therecent trend differences in the household and establish-ment series.
Unemployment
The number of persons unemployed totaled 7.8million in September, seasonally adjusted, essentiallyunchanged from the levels prevailing since July. Therate of unemployment has also shown little movementover the past 3 months but, at 8.3 percent, was six-tenths of a percentage point below the recession peakregistered in the second quarter. A year ago, when thesharp increases in joblessness first began, the rate was5.8 percent.
As was the case in August, the stability in overalljoblessness masked divergent movements among themajor labor force groups. After declining to 6.6 percentin August, the jobless rate for adult men returned tothe June-July level of 7.0 percent. This change alsowas reflected in increased joblessness among householdheads and married men. The rate for teenagers, on theother hand, which had increased sharply in August,declined to 19.3 percent in September, approximatingthe levels prevailing in June and July. The jobless ratefor adult women continued its downward drift that hastotaled a full percentage point from the second quarter
high of 8.5 percent. Unemployment rates for most ofthe other labor force categories, including the majorindustry and occupational groups, showed little or nochange over the month.
Although the unemployment rate for workers coveredby regular State unemployment insurance programs wasunchanged at 5.8 percent in September, it has droppedsharply from the peak of 7.0 percent attained in May.There were 3.9 million persons (seasonally adjusted)claiming regular State U.I. benefits, but the total numberof unemployed insurance claimants is much larger whenthe 2.5 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) claim-ing benefits under various special programs, including theFederal extended benefits programs, are taken intoaccount.
The number of persons unemployed 15 weeks ormore was essentially unchanged at 2.9 million in Sep-tember, after posting the first real decline in Augustsince late 1973. However, there was a continued in-crease in the number of persons unemployed 27 weeksand over, sometimes referred to as the hard-core unem-ployed; at 1.6 million, this was the highest level in thepost-World War II period and constituted one-fifth ofthe jobless total. Offsetting this increase was a secondstraight monthly decline in the number of persons job-less 15-26 weeks. On an overall basis, the average periodof joblessness continued to rise, and, at 16.2 weeks, meanduration was at its highest level since late 1961.
The number of unemployed who had lost their lastjob increased by 300,000 in September to 4.6 million,a return to the July level. Unemployment stemming fromjob loss had dropped by nearly 600,000 over the May-August period.
Total Employment and Civilian Labor Force
Total employment was about unchanged in Septemberat 85.4 million, seasonally adjusted, after registering gainstotaling about 1.5 million from the March low point toAugust. Employment remained about a million belowits year-earlier peak level.
Similarly, the civilian labor force, at 93.2 million,was essentially the same as in August, following gainstotaling 800,000 in the 2 previous months. Over the
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
past year, the labor force has expanded by less than1.4 million, with all of the increase limited to the last7 months. In the 3 previous years, the labor force roseat a considerably faster pace, a million or more workersper year in excess of the current year's gain.
Industry Payroll Employment
Total nonagricultural payroll employment increasedfor the third consecutive month, rising, by 180,000 to77.2 million (seasonally adjusted) in September. Thisgrowth was concentrated primarily in the manufacturingindustries, which also posted a gain of 180,000. For thesecond consecutive month, more than 70 percent of the172 industries in the BLS diffusion index registered em-ployment increases.
Within manufacturing, large gains took place in boththe durable and nondurable goods industries (up 100,000and 80,000, respectively). Within durable goods, thelargest increases took place in the electrical equipment,primary metals, machinery, and furniture industries. Innondurable goods, substantial gains were posted in foodprocessing, apparel, and textile mill products.
Other than manufacturing, the only industry to showa sizeable over-the-month increase in September was serv-ices. Most of the remaining industries were about un-changed, with just one—State and local government—posting a large decline, much of which resulted from ateachers' strike.
While growth has been resumed in manufacturing, theother highly cyclical industry, contract construction, hasheld at a low plateau in the past few months that was700,000 jobs below the pre-recession peak reached inearly 1974.
Hours
The average workweek for all production or nonsuper-visory workers on nonfarm payrolls dropped two-tenthsof an hour to 36.0 hours in September (seasonallyadjusted), a return to the June and July levels. Over theyear, average weekly hours have fallen by 0.5 hour.
There were widespread declines in average weeklyhours within the service-producing sector, which counter-acted small pickups in both mining and manufacturing.Factory overtime remained at 2.7 hours in September,substantially above the 2.3-hour low posted in Marchand April.
With employment gains somewhat greater than thedecline in the workweek, the index of aggregate hoursof private nonfarm production or nonsupervisory em-ployees rose 0.3 percent over the month to 107.7(1967=100). The index of aggregate factory hours movedup markedly—by 1.7 percent—to 90.2, continuing theuptrend from the March low of 86.4. However, the Sep-tember factory index was 14 percent below its alltimehigh reached in December 1973.
Hourly and Weekly Earnings
Average hourly earnings of production or nonsuper-visory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls rose0.4 percent in September and were up 6.3 percent overthe year (seasonally adjusted). Average weekly earningsfell 0.1 percent in September but have advanced 4.8 per-cent from a year earlier.
Before adjustment for seasonality, average hourlyearnings rose 7 cents in September to $4.62. Since lastSeptember, average hourly earnings have risen 27 cents.Average weekly earnings in September were $167.24, anincrease of 71 cents over the month and $7.59 from lastSeptember.
The Hourly Earnings Index
The Hourly Earnings Index—earnings adjusted forovertime in manufacturing, seasonality, and the effectsof changes in the proportion of workers in high-wageand low-wage industries—was 174.9 (1967=100) inSeptember, 0.4 percent higher than in August. Theindex was 7.9 percent above September a year ago.During the 12-month period ended in August, theHourly Earnings Index in dollars of constant purchasingpower declined 0.1 percent.
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
This issue of Employment and Earnings introduces re-vised data for the establishment-based series, reflectingthe most recent and complete employment counts,called benchmarks. The benchmark month for the cur-rent revision is March 1974, and most employmentdata have been revised beginning with April 1973. Hours,earnings, and labor turnover estimates, which are weight-ed by employment data, are also subject to revision as aresult of shifts in employment levels.
Coincident with the benchmark adjustment, all sea-sonally adjusted data have been revised back to January1970 to reflect experience through June 1975.
The benchmark review serves as a quality controlprocess by providing both a precise measure of employ-ment levels and analysis of series trends. Normally, newbenchmarks are determined for March of each year atthe most detailed industrial classification for which esti-mates are made. The difference between the benchmarkand the corresponding estimate is assumed to have ac-cumulated in constant increments over the previous12 months. Most series, therefore, are adjusted bywedging or tapering out the difference over the periodfrom the new benchmark to the preceding one, 12months earlier. The benchmark level is then projectedforward to the current month based on the trend ofmonthly reports submitted by a sample of employers.The estimates adjusted to the new levels are then aggre-gated through successively larger groupings to total non-agricultural employment.
The estimates for major industry divisions have gen-erally varied from benchmarks by less than 1 percent,except in 1973. A comparison of the size of the revi-sions made since 1970 is presented in table 1.
1974 employment estimates revised by only
0.1 percent
The March 1974 total nonagricultural employmentsample-based estimate was 80,000 below the bench-
Table 1. Percent differences between nonagriculturalemployment benchmarks and estimates by industrydivision, March 1970 -74
Industry division
Total
MiningContract construc-tion
ManufacturingTransportation andpublic utilities
Wholesale and retailtrade
Finance, insurance,and real estate
ServicesGovernment
March
1970
0.1.1
- .1
.1
.3- .4
.3
1971
0.2
2
-3.1.4
.9
.3
.2
.4
1973
1.6
3.5
9.61.1
.7
2.2
.5
.9
.5
1974
-0.1
-3.0
.6- .1
(M
.1
-1.1
- .7.5
Less than 0.05 percent.
NOTE: No benchmark adjustment in 1972.
mark of 77.4 million—a difference of only 0.1 per-cent. Relative adjustments for each of the major indus-try divisions were less than 1 percent, except formining and finance, insurance, and real estate. (Seetable 2)
Monthly estimates of employment, hours, and earn-ings are published in considerable detail. Using theStandard Industrial Classification (SIC) system, esti-mates are prepared at the industry group (three-digitSIC) level for most nonmanufacturing industries. Be-cause of the size (about 26 percent of nonagricultural
* Of the Division of Industry Employment Statistics,Office of Manpower Structure and Trends.
8
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 2. Comparison of BLS n onagri cultural employment benchmarks with estimates, by industrydivision, March 1974
(Number in thousands)
Industry divisionMarch1974
benchmark
March1974
estimate
Difference betweenestimate and benchmark
Amount Percent
Total
MiningContract constructionManufacturingTransportation and public utilitiesTrade
WholesaleRetail
Finance, insurance, and real estateServicesGovernment
FederalState and local
77,442
6683,762
19,9874,669
16,5644,162
12,4024,167
13,34514,2802,691
11,589
77,362
6483,786
19,9624,670
16,5844,199
12,3854,120
13,24614,3462,691
11,655
-80
-2024
-251
2037
-17-47-99
66066
-0.1
-3.0.6
- .1(M.1.9
i
-1.1- .7
.50
.6
Less than 0.05 percent.
workers), diversity of activity, and economic importanceof the manufacturing division, these estimates are pre-pared and published at the industry (four-digit SIC)level. Within the 3-digit industry groups for which em-ployment estimates are published, only 19 of the 201groups were revised by 5 percent or more. The largerindustries in terms of employment, tended to have thesmallest percentage revision. (See table 3).
Table 3. Distribution of published 3-digit SICindustries by size of industry and percent differencebetween BLS employment estimates and bench-marks, March 1974
The March 1974 estimates and benchmark levels formajor industry groups (two-digit SIC) in manufacturingappear in table 4. Of the 21 major groups in this division,18 were revised by less than 2 percent. Revisions weresomewhat larger for the basic component industries but
two-thirds of these differed by less than 3 percent andonly about one-sixth differed by 5 percent or more.
Why estimates differ from benchmarks
There are four basic reasons for differences betweenbenchmarks and estimates:(1) changes in industrial classi-fication of individual establishments, (2) errors in trendcaused by nonrepresentative samples, (3) errors in adjust-ment for entry of new firms, and (4) improvements in thequality of the benchmark data. Changes in industrialclassification played a major role in the March 1974 re-visions. (This was also the case in the March 1971adjustment).
An establishment is classified by industry accordingto its major activity, which is determined by the principalproduct produced or handled, or service rendered. Anestablishment may engage in more than one activity. Ifthe composition of its output of products or serviceschanges so that what was once a secondary product oractivity becomes a primary one, the classification of theestablishment is changed to the industry of its new majoractivity. This change is not introduced into the employ-ment estimates at the time it occurs but at the time ofthe benchmark adjustment based on product informationreported annually. Thus, differences between estimatesand benchmarks for an industry may result because theestimates are linked forward from former benchmarklevels which do not reflect intervening classificationchanges for individual establishments.
9
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
In addition, in preparation for the conversion to therevised (1972) SIC system, industrial classification ofestablishments in the benchmark tabulations has beenthoroughly reviewed. Correction of previously erroneousclassifications, especially in manufacturing, caused muchof the classification change. Of the 37 published indus-tries with benchmark discrepancies of 5 percent or more,31 are manufacturing industries. At the 2-digit manu-facturing industry level; however, differences are rela-tively small. The benchmarks of 11 of the 21 2-digitindustries differ from their estimates by less than 1 per-cent, 7 differ by 1 to 2 percent, and only 3 differ by2 to 3 percent. (See table 4).
The second reason for differences between estimatesand benchmarks lies in the fact that there is necessarilya certain amount of error in sample-derived estimates.A complete monthly count of employment would reflectall changes in the level from month to month, but com-plete coverage involving several million reports eachmonth would be prohibitively expensive and time con-suming. Derived from a sample of approximately 160,000
establishments, the BLS payroll series provides estimatesat moderate cost within a month following the referenceweek. Annual benchmark revisions, which are an integralpart of the BLS establishment survey program, willremove the effect of these small sampling errors from theestimates. When annual adjustments are not possible, aswas the case for March of 1972, the extent of subsequentrevisions is likely to be somewhat larger.
A third reason for differences between estimates andbenchmarks arises from the method of adjustment usedto take account of the entry of new firms. The bench-mark link-relative employment estimating technique,which is a form of ratio estimation, results in biasedestimates, because this technique cannot measure theemployment of new firms entering the economy duringthe current month. The size of the bias (the influenceof the employment of new firms) is considered negligiblefor most purposes; however, in the BLS establishmentsurvey, for which the previous month's estimate is usedto compute the current month's estimate, such biaswould cumulate if counteracting steps were not taken.
Table 4. Comparison of manufacturing employment estimates with benchmarks, by major industry group,March 1974
(Numbers in thousands)
Industry group Bench™*
19,98711,847
175.6633.6524.5689.4
1,336.81,503.42,208.72,053.11,761.0
514.9445.8
8,1401,666.3
75.41,009.81,376.6
704.01,110.61,048.0
192.5675.6281.5
BLSestimate
19,96211,793
180.5641.6536.5688.0
1,328.51,484.22,191.72,043.21,728.7
524.1445.6
8,1691,672.4
74.61,024.41,376.3
709.71,110.81,051.2
190.2679.1288.8
Difference
Amount
- 2 5- 5 4
4.98.0
12.0-1.4-8.3
-19.2-17.0-9.9
-32.39.2
- . 2
296.1- . 814.6-9.3
5.7.2
3.2-2.3
3.57.3
Percent
-0.1- . 52.81.32.3- . 2- . 6
-1.2- . 8- . 5
-1.81.8
I1)
.4
.4-1.1
1.4- . 7
.8
(M.3
-1.2.5
2.6
ManufacturingDurable goods
Ordnance and accessoriesLumber and wood productsFurniture and fixturesStone, clay, and glass products . . .Primary metal industriesFabricated metal productsMachinery, except electricalElectrical equipment and suppliesTransportation equipmentInstruments and related productsMiscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goodsFood and kindred productsTobacco manufacturesTextile mill productsApparel and other textile productsPaper and allied productsPrinting and publishingChemicals and allied products . . .Petroleum and coal productsRubber and plastic products, nee .Leather and leather products
Less than 0.05 percent.
10
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Accordingly, small bias correction factors are appliedto the employment estimates each month. Because thesize of these factors must be determined by past experi-ence, small errors may arise if the rate at which newfirms enter an industry increases or decreases. Errorsin bias correction factors in use since the March 1973benchmark period were insignificant in comparison torevisions caused by the other factors under discussion.
A fourth, generally infrequent, cause of differencesarises from improvements in the quality of the bench-mark data. The most recent example of this type ofrevision occurred at the time of the expansion in un-employment insurance coverage which took place in1972 and was first reflected in the March 1973benchmark.
Benchmark source material
Unemployment insurance records are the primarysource of benchmark data. With the expansion of Ulcoverage in 1972, 97 percent of employees on payrolls ofprivate nonagricultural establishments are now includedin the Ul tabulations. For the few remaining industries
exempt from mandatory Ul coverage, the Bureau ofLabor Statistics used other sources for benchmark infor-mation. Data on employees covered under social securitylaws as published by the Bureau of the Census in CountyBusiness Patterns, were used to augment the Ul datafor nonoffice insurance sales workers and private educa-tional services. Data for interstate railroads were ob-tained from the Interstate Commerce Commission; bench-marks for private elementary and secondary schoolswere derived from data obtained from the U.S. Office ofEducation and the National Catholic Welfare Association.These sources have been used for benchmarking for anumber of years.
Employment figures for religious organizations wereobtained from data provided by the National Council ofChurches and recent surveys of churches conducted byseveral State agencies.
In benchmarking the government sector, the Bureauhas for many years used the monthly employment datacompiled by the U.S. Civil Service Commission (FederalGovernment) and the Censuses and Surveys of Govern-ments conducted by the Bureau of the Census (Stateand local governments). The State and local governmentestimates have been revised to levels based on the Octo-ber 1974 Survey of Governments. However, since about80 percent of State government employees are currentlycovered by unemployment insurance and several Statesare in the process of expanding coverage further, it is ex-pected that Ul contributions data will be used as abenchmark source for the State government portion inthe near future. Since Ul data are available for each
month, the quality of the benchmark data will begreatly improved.
The Bureau's reporting sample is also an importantsource of benchmark information. Since sample reportsare current and are reviewed monthly, reporting errors,detected and corrected in the sample reports, can alsobe corrected in the corresponding benchmark reports.The industry classification of each sample establishmentis reviewed annually on the basis of information suppliedby the employer. Changes in industry classification ofsample reports often precede such changes in othersources of information. Insofar as sample reports wereknown to differ from the corresponding employer'sreports included in other benchmark source material,the data in the other sources were modified accordingly.
Relation of employment benchmarks to hours, earningsand labor turnover series
Benchmarks are not available for the hours and earn-ings and labor turnover series. The levels shown are de-rived from the BLS reporting sample only. For primaryestimating cells, i.e., region and/or size strata withinthe most detailed industry classifications, the series arecomputed directly from reported figures. Series for moreinclusive categories, however, require a weighting mech-anism to yield meaningful averages. The employmentbenchmarks are used as weights in computing the hoursand earnings averages and labor turnover rates for broaderindustry groupings.
Adjustment of the estimates to new benchmarks mayresult in reallocation of weights, which, in turn, maychange the averages. To influence the average of a broadgroup, changes in employment have to be relativelylarge and must affect industries which have substantiallyhigher or lower averages than the other industries intheir group. Generally speaking, the introduction ofnew benchmarks does not change hours and earningsand labor turnover series for broader grouping by morethan 0.1 hour, 1 cent, or 0.1 per 100 employees,respectively. The changes caused by the 1974 bench-mark revision are summarized in table 5.
Revision of seasonally adjusted data
The BLS uses an adaptation of the standard ratio-to-moving-average method for seasonally adjusting the em-ployment, weekly hours, and hourly earnings series.This method has a provision for "moving" adjustmentfactors to take account of changing seasonal patterns.After another year of data is added to a series, a numberof the factors for the previous few years will changeslightly, even when the unadjusted figures for previousyears remain the same.
11
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 5. Comparison of hours, earnings, and labor turnover estimates based on previous (1973) benchmarks withestimates revised to March 1974 benchmarks, selected major industry group, March 1974
Industry group
Average weekly
Revisedestimate
36.5
42.5
36.6
40.2
40.942.440.239.341.541.741.142.7
40.040.3
40.638.9
39.239.936.440.4
35.542.337.641.842.3
40.637.8
40.0
33.9
36.7
33.8
Previous
estimate
36.5
42.5
36.5
40.2
40.942.540.339.341.541.741.142.7
39.940.3
40.538.9
39.239.936.440.3
35.542.337.641.842.2
40.637.8
40.0
34.0
36.7
33.8
hours
Differ-ence
0
0
.1
0
0-.1-.1
00
000
.1
0
.1
0
000.1
0000.1
00
0
-.1
0
0
Average hourly earnings
Revisedestimate
$4.09
5.02
6.52
4.25
4.524.583.783.424.365.334.454.79
4.035.28
4.093.42
3.854.043.963.08
2.874.344.864.685.41
3.922.94
5.26
3.37
3.72
3.67
Previousestimate
$4.09
5.01
6.53
4.24
4.514.593.783.414.365.324.454.79
4.015.26
4.083.42
3.844.033.973.07
2.884.344.854.675.42
3.922.94
5.25
3.37
3.71
3.66
Differ-ence
0
.01
-.01
.01
.01-.010.01
0.01
00
.02
.02
.010
.01.01
-.01.01
-.010.01.01-.01
00
.01
0
.01
.01
Labor turnover accessionrates (per 100 employees)
Revisedestimate
-
-
-
4.0
3.92.26.05.24.52.84.4
3.2
3.04.4
3.3
5.6
4.35.1
2.4
5.6
5.42.82.62.22.3
4.96.8
-
-
-
Previousestimate
-
-
-
4.0
3.92.26.05.34.52.84.43.2
3.04.5
3.35.6
4.35.1
2.4
5.6
5.32.82.62.32.2
4.96.8
-
-
-
Differ-ence
-
-
0
000-.1
0000
0-.1
00
0000
.100-.1.1
00
-
Total private
Mining
Contract construction
Manufacturing
Durable goodsOrdnance and accessoriesLumber and wood products. . .Furniture and fixturesStone, clay, and glass productsPrimary metal industriesFabricated metal products . ..Machinery, except electrical. . .Electrical equipment andsupplies
Transportation equipment . . .Instruments and relatedproducts
Miscellaneous manufacturing. .
Nondurable goodsFood and kindred products .Tobacco manufacturesTextile mill productsApparel and other textile
productsPaper and allied products . . .Printing and publishingChemicals and allied productsPetroleum and coal products .Rubber and plastics products,nee
Leather and leather products
Transportation and public utilities .
Trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate . .
Service
The BLS seasonal factor method was designed for
time series with steady or slowly changing seasonal
patterns. It, therefore, does not reflect adequately ab-
rupt shifts in seasonally such as those experienced in
retail trade employment. Special adjustments have been
used for many years in seasonally adjusting this employ-ment series to compensate for the shifting date of Easter.
The Bureau also makes special adjustments in season-
ally adjusting the employment series for the transporta-
tion equipment industry to compensate for the shifting
dates of automobile plant retooling during the summer
months. The Federal Government series is adjusted to
remove the effect of the temporary hiring of postal
12
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
workers at Christmas time. Seasonal factors in laborturnover reflect variation in the number of times a dayof the week (Monday, for example) falls in 1 month.To eliminate this calendar irregularity, the Bureau uses"trading day" factors.
Revised historical data published
Revised historical data (both seasonally adjusted andunadjusted) for broad industry categories of employment,hours and earnings, and labor turnover are presented inthe back of this issue of Employment and Earnings.Complete detailed data for all series will be published inEmployment and Earnings, United States, 1909-75 (Bul-letin 1312-10).
Monthly employment estimates are published formost of the significant industries in the nonagriculturalsector. Those industries for which monthly data are notpublished either are too small or are not supported by asufficient sample. However, the March benchmark figuresfor a number of such industries are published in table 6.The expansion in Ul coverage makes it possible to obtainaccurate employment counts for all months (plus quar-terly wages) for those other industries which are notpublished as a regular feature of the Current Employ-ment Statistics Program. These data appear quarterly inthe BLS publication Employment and Wages. (Datain Employment and Wages may differ slightly from thosepublished in Employment and Earnings as the result ofclassification adjustments discussed earlier in this article.)
Table 6. Employment estimates for selected industries not published monthly,1 adjusted for Ul coverageexclusions, March 1973 and 1974
In dusty r titleIndustry
code(SIC)
All employees(in thousands)
March1973
March1974
Industry titleIndustry
code(SIC)
All employees(in thousands)
March1973
March1974
Class II railroadsClass I switching and terminalcompanies
Class II switching andterminal companies
Other insurance carriersHolding and other investmentcompanies
NOTE: Two breaks in series occurred in 1971 stemming from the rectification of occupationsintroduced in January and from a questionnaire change concerning "major activity" introduced inDecember. See "Changes in occupational classification system" in the Explanatory Notes. SOURCE: Table A-39.
19
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Chart 8. Duration of unemployment(Seasonally adjusted)
Not strictly comparable ith prior years due to the introduction of populationadjustments in these years. For an explanation, see "Historic Comparability" under HouseholdData section of Explanatory Notes.
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
HOUSEHOLD DATA 2 6
A-2. Employment status of the noninstitutional population, 16 years and over by sex, 1947 to date[Numbers in thousands)
TotalNonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Mining
ConstructionManufacturing
Durable goodsLumber and wood productsFurniture and fixturesStone, clay, and glass productsPrimary metal industriesFabricated metal productsMachinery, except electrical equipment . . .Electrical equipmentTransportation equipment
AutomobilesOther transportation equipment
Instruments and related productsOther durable goods industries
Nondurable goodsFood and kindred productsTextile mill productsApparel and other textile products
Paper and allied productsPrinting and publishingChemicals and allied productsRubber and plastics products
Other nondurable goods industries
Transportation and public utilitiesRailroads and railway expressOther transportationCommunication and other public utilities . . . .
Wholesale and retail tradeFinance, insurance, and real estateService industries
Professional servicesAll other service industries
Agricultural wage and salary workersAll other classes of workersNo previous work experience
1 Percent net shown where base is less than 75,000.
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
35 HOUSEHOLD DATA
A 12. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex and age, and color
Reason for unemployment
Total
unemployed
Sept.
1974
5,202
1,881
870
1,761
690
100.0
36.1
16.7
33.8
13.3
5.7
2 . 0
1.0
1.9
. 8
Sept.
1975
7,522
3,816
950
1,977
779
100.0
50.8
12.6
26.3
10.4
8 .1
4 . 1
1.0
2 . 1
. 8
Males, 20 years
and over
Sept .
1974
1,688
1,009
284
344
51
100.0
59.7
16.8
20.4
3 .0
3 . 3
2 . 0
. 6
. 7
. 1
Sept.
1975
3,092
2,210
310
49379
100.0
71.4
10.0
15.9
2 . 6
6 . 1
4 . 4
. 6
1.0
. 2
Females, 20 years
and over
Sept.
1974
2,036
622
347
967
100
100.0
30.6
17.1
47.5
4 . 9
6 . 31.9
1.1
3 .0
. 3
Sept.
1975
2,756
1,193
456
965142
100.0
43.2
16.5
35.0
5.. 2
8 .3
3 . 6
1.4
2 . 9
. 4
Both sexes,
16 to 19 years
Sept.
1974
1,478
251
239
449540
100.0
17.0
16.230.4
36.5
17.3
2 . 9
2 . 8
5.2
6 . 3
Sept.
1975
1,673
413184
518557
100.0
24.7
11.0
31.0
33.3
19.9
5.9
2 . 2
6.2
6 . 6
White
Sept .
1974
4,200
1,559
751
1,384
506
100.0
37.2
17.9
33.0
12.0
5.2
1.9
. 9
1.7
. 6
Sept.
1975
6,025
3,092
799
1,567
567
100.0
51.4
13.326.0
9 . 4
7 .3
3 . 7
1.0
1.9
. 7
Negro and other races
Sept.
1974
1,002
322
119
377
185
100.0
32.211.9
37.6
18.4
9 . 7
3 . 1
1.1
3 . 6
1.8
Sept.
1975
1,497
724
151
410
212
100.0
48.3
10.1
27.4
14.2
14.1
6 . 8
1.4
3 .9
3 . 0
UNEMPLOYMENT LEVEL
Total unemployed, in thousands
Job losers
Job leavers
ReentrantsNew entrants
Total unemployed, percentdistribution
Job losersJob leaversReentrantsNew entrants
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE
Total unemployment rate . . . .
Job loser rate1
Job leaver rate1
Reentrant rate1
New entrant rate1
1 Unemployment rates are calculated as a percent of the civilian labor force.
A-13. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, duration, sex, and age
[Percent distribution]
Reason, sex, and age
Total, 16 years and over . . .
ReentrantsNew entrants
Males, 20 years and over . . .
Job losersJob leaversReentrants
New entrants
Females, 20 years and over. .
Job losersJob leavers
ReentrantsNew entrants
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years . .
Job losers
Job leavers . . .Reentrants
New entrants . . . :
Total unemployed
Thousands
of persons
7,522
3 816950
1,977779
3,092
2,210310
49379
2,756
1,193456965142
1,673
413184
518
557
100.0
100.0100.0100.0100.0
100.0
100.0100.0100.0100.0
100.0
100.0100.0100.0100.0
100.0
100.0100.0100.0100.0
September 1975
Duration of unemployment
Less than
5 weeks
42.0
30.849.956.052.0
30.6
26.739.040.048.1
45.6
30.749.661.550.0
57.3
53.069.661.253.0
5 to 14weeks
25.8
24.626.925.730.2
25.6
24.126.832.024.1
24.5
24.429.221.131.7
28.2
28.320.728.030.7
15 weeksand over
32.2
44.623.218.217.9
43.8
49.234.227.827.9
30.0
44.921.017.318.4
14.5
18.99.7
10.816.5
15 to 26weeks
12.8
16.19.38.5
12.1
14.7
16.213.9
8.115.2
13.4
19.48.19 .1
8.5
8.5
5.8
4.3
7.7
12.7
27 weeksand over
19.4
28.513.9
9.75.8
29.1
33.020.319.712.7
16.6
25.512.9
8.29.9
6.0
13.15.4
3.1
3.8
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-14. Unemployed
Sex, age, and color
Total, 16 years and over...
16 to 19 years20 to 24 years25 to 34 years35 to 44 years45 to 54 years55 to 64 years65 years and over
Males, 16 years and over . . . .16 to 19 years20 to 24 years25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years45 to 54 years55 to 64 years65 years and over
Females, 16 years and over..
16 to 19 years20 to 24 years25 to 34 years35 to 44 years45 to 54 years55 to 64 years . . .65 years and over
White
Females
Negro and other racesMalesFemales
jobseekers by the jobsearch methods
Thousands of persons
Totalunem-ployed
7,522
1,6741,834
1,714880845
448
128
3,947854
1,035858386468258
87
3,575819799856
4 9 4377
18941
6,025
3,2202,805
1,497727
770
Totaljob-
seekers
6,1901,5611,529
1,3536 9 3
606339109
3,106780824609291324199
79
3,084
781705745
4 0 2282
14030
4,873
2,4922,381
1,317614
703
Publicemploy,
mentagency
2 7 . 117.933.727.529.432.827.411.0
30.918.836.935.037.835.230.215.2
23.216.929.921.323.429.823.6
(1)
25.428.821.8
33.239.427.7
used, sex, age, anc
September 1975
1 color
Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers
Privateemploy-
mentagency
7 . 23 . 78 . 4
8 . 38 . 5
8 . 18 . 8
1 1 . 0
7.22.18.09.2
12.78.67.08.9
7.25.58.77.4
5.57.4
11.4(1)
7.07.16 . 8
8.27.88 . 5
Employerdirectly
70.879.468.868.467.865,766.165.1
70.479.768.066.567.467.368.362.0
71.279.069.969.868.463.562.9
(1)
71.871.771.9
66.965.068.7
Placedor
answeredads
29.4
22.534.3
33.531.226.227.418.3
27.520.631.635.329.622.523.119.0
31.324.537.632 .132.630.5
33.6
(1)
31.228.833.8
22.6
22.522.5
Friendsor
relatives
1 5 . 1
12.914.813.518.615.723.020.2
17.015.817.614.320.615.125.117.7
13.210.111.612.917.216.020.0
(1)
14.917.012.7
15.917.314.7
Other
6 . 03 . 85 . 1
5 . 6
5 . 8
10.910.913.8
7.83.36.16.98.9
15.416.619.0
4.24.23 . 84.6
3.5
5.32 . 9
(1)
6.38 . 63 . 9
4 .94 .75 . 0
Averagenumber of
used
1.561.401.65
1.571.611.59
" 1.64
1.39
1.61
1.401.68
1.671.771.64
1.70
1.42
. 1 . 5 01 . 4 01 . 6 21 . 4 81 . 5 11 . 5 3
1 . 5 4
(1 )
1 . 5 7
1 . 6 21 . 5 1
1 . 5 21 . 5 71 . 4 7
1 Percent not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: The jobseekers total is less than the total unemployed because persons on layoff or
waiting to begin a new wage and salary job within 30 days are not actually seeking jobs. Itshould also be noted that the percent using each method will always total more than 100because many jobseekers use more than one method.
A-15. Unemployed jobseekers by the jobsearch methods used, sex, and reason for unemployment
Sex and reason
Total, 16 years and overJob losers . . .
Job leaversReentrantsNew entrants
Males, 16 years and overJob losersJob leavers .
New entrants
Females, 16 years and overJob losersjob leaversReentrantsNew entrants
September 1975
Thousands of persons
Totalunem-ployed
7,5223,816
9 5 01,977
779
3,9462,506
398
7366 0 6
3,575426
1,2401,570
472
Totaljob-
seekers
6,1902,607
9 5 41,857
773
3,1061,722
4 0 4674306
3,084885
5501,181
468
Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers
Public
employ-
agency
2 7 . 135.4
28.418.7
17.2
30.937.028.7
22.318.3
23.232.2
28.216.816.2
Privateemploy-
mentagency
7 .28 .3
7.16 . 9
4 .5
7.27 .8
5 . 97 . 74 . 6
7 .29 . 3
8 . 0
66.44 . 5
Employerdirectly
70.868.7
74.869.475.7
70.468.1
78.070.072.9
71.269.5
72.569.477.1
Placedor answered
ads
29.431.1
29 .128.425.1
27.528.2
30.026.123.5
31.336.630.030.025.9
Friendsor
relatives
1 5 . 116.7
12.013.316.6
17.017.3
13.617.817.6
13.215.4
12.710.616.0
Other
6.06.73 . 88 . 6
4.3
7.88.83 . 79 . 34 . 6
4.22.63 . 65 . 63 . 8
Averagenumber ofmethods
used
1.561.67
1.551.441.43
1.611.71
1.601.531.42
1.501.66
1.551.391.44
NOTE: See note, table A-14.
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
37 HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-16. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
Duration of unemployment
r
Total . . .
Less than 5 weeks5 to 14 weeks
5 to 10 weeks11 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over . .
15 to 26 weeks .27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration
Total
Thousands of persons
Sept.1974
5,203
3,0061,358
946412838489349
8.9
Sept.1975
7,522
3,1611,9391,274
6652,422
9651,457
14.9
Percent distribution
Sept.1974
1Q0.0
57.826.118.27.9
16.19.46.7"
Sept.1975
10Q.0
42.025.816.98.8
32.212.819.4
Household heads
Thousands of persons
Sept.1974
1,593
778472130342342162180
11.6
Sept.1975
2,688
852698451247
1,140386754
18.7
Percent distribution
Sept.1974
100.0
48.829.68.2
21.521.510.211.3
Sept.1975
100.0
31.726.016.89.2
42.414.428.1
A-17. Unemployed persons by duration, sex, age, color, and marital status
Sex, age, color., and marital status
Thousands of persons
Less than5 weeks
5 to 14
weeks15 to 26
weeks27 weeksand over
Average(mean)
duration,in weeks
September 1975
Less than 5 weeks as a
percent of unemployedin group
Sept.1974
Sept.1975
15 weeks and over as a
percent of unemployedin group
Sept.1974
Sept.1975
Total, 16 years and over .
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years35 to 44 years45 to 54 years55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Males, 16 years and over .
16 to 21 years16 to 19 years20 to 24 years25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years45 to 54 years55 to 64 years . '65 years and over
Females, 16 years and over .
16 to 21 years16 to 19 years20 to 24 years25 to 34 years35 to 44 years45 to 54 years55 to 64 years65 years and over
White
Males . . .
Females .
Negro and other races .
Males
Females
Males:Married, spouse presentWidowed, divorced, or separated .Single (never married)
Females:Married, spouse presentWidowed, divorced, or separated .Single (never married)
7,5222,5081,6741,8341,714
880845448128
3,9471,330
8541,035
858386468258
87
3,5751,178
819799856494377189
41
6,0253,2202,805
1,497727770
1,726382
1,839
1,807588
1,181
3,1611,317
959753650352270151
27
1,417647470356267105128
7120
1,745670489397383247142
816
2,5251,1601,365
636257379
507119791
876254614
1,939691472494400208219118
28
1,02436323229018990
1277918
914328240204211119
923810
1,571836735
368188180
424119481
415156344
965270143257271100120
4727
535153
81152143
52582819
430118
61105128
486118
8
761438323
20496
107
25640
239
21880
132
1,457231101330393219236132
46
971167
71237260139154
8030
486632993
13380825216
1,167786381
290185105
539105327
2979891
14.910.28.2
14.516.017.119.321.424.1
17.211.69.3
16.419.221.421.722.822.7
12.38.67.0
12.012.913.716.319.627.0
14.817.212.1
15.117.113.2
20.018.014.4
13.414.29.7
57.866.066.060.658.553.149.638.020.2
55.265.365.961.049.647.045.433.6
(1)
60.166.866.160.364.957.252.943.1
(1)
60.057.662.1
48.545.551.4
48.642.861.6
60.451.963.7
42.052.557.341.137.940.032.033.820.8
35.948.655.034.431.127.327.427.323.2
48.856.859.749.744.749.937.642.7
(1)
41.936.048.7
42.535.349.2
29.431.043.0
48.543.252.0
16.111.410.913.317.015.926.126.438.7
18.410.310.812.424.921.231.530.2
(1)
14.112.411.114.111.412.322.021.9
(1)
15.718.213.5
17.819.316.3
22.530.313.8
13.218.413.2
32.220.014.532.038.736.342.139.957.4
38.224.117.937.646.949.545.442.056.6
25.615.411.024.730.626.038.037.0
(1)
32.038.025.1
33.038.827.5
46.037.830.8
28.530.318.9
1 Percent not shown where base is less than 75,000.
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
HOUSEHOLD DATA 3 8
A-18. Unemployed persons by duration, occupation, and industry of last job
Occupation and industry
Thousands of persons
Less than5 weeks
5 to 14weeks
15 to 26weeks
27 weeksand over
Average(mean)
duration,in weeks
Septemher 1975
Less than 5 weeksas a percent of
unemployed in group
Sept.1974
Sept.1975
15 weeks and overas a percent of
unemployed in group
Sept.1974
Sept.1975
OCCUPATION
White-collar workersProfessional and managerial . .Sales workersClerical workers
Blue-collar workersCraft and kindred workers . . .Operatives, except transport . .Transport equipment operativesNonfarm laborers
Service workers
INDUSTRY1
AgricultureConstructionManufacturing
Durable goodsNondurable goods
Transportation and public utilitiesWholesale and retail tradeFinance and service industries . . .Public administration
No previous work experience . . .
2,302821315
1,165
3,146857
1,368260661
1,183
152686
2,0181,293
725
2921,4531,806225
781
987318144525
1,10930846993239
585
87275639356283
118629846100
405
59022967295
76121728868189
321
42179443278164
7140048467
236
3009350157
4271062093477
146
357
322208113
4118523523
94
42418255188
85022640365157
130
20175615450165
62238242
3546
14.716.614.213.5
17.817.618.817.016.4
11.7
9.816.519.521.116.6
15.613.612.313.2
9.4
55.656.461.553.5
57.056.953.763.861.5
60.9
57.958.053.452.854.1
55.759.860.436.5
61.7
42.938.745.845.0
35.235.934.335.836.2
49.5
57.540.131.727.539.0
40.543.346.844.6
51.9
18.421.014.017.9
16.215.416.20.15.9
14.2
5.614.718.620.017.0
17.816.715.229.2
13.7
31.533.433.129.6
40.638.744.738.235.3
23.4
14.833.846.451.038.3
35.329.126.425.6
17.9
1 Includes wage and salary workers only.
A-19. Employed persons by sex and age[ in thousands]
Age and type of industrySept.1974
Sept.1975
Sept.1974
Sept.1975
Females
Sept.1974
Sept.1975
All industries16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years35 to 44 years45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years55 to 59 years60 to 64 years
65 years and over
Nonagricultural industries16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years25 to 54 years
25 to 34.years35 to 44 years45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years55 to 59 years60 to 64 years
65 years and over
Agriculture . .16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years . .18 to 19 years . .
20 to 24 years25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years . .35 to 44 years . .45 to 54 years . .
55 to 64 years55 to 59 years . .60 to 64 years . .
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
45 HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-27. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by full- or part-time status, sex and age, color, and maritalstatus—Continued[Percent distribution]
Sex and age, color and marital status
September 1975
Totalat
work
On parttime for
economicreasons
Onvoluntarypart time
On full-time schedules
40 hoursor less
41 hoursor more
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years18 to 19 years
20 years and over20 to 24 years25 years and over
25 to 44 years45 to 64 years65 years and over
Males, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years65 years and over
Females, 16 years and over16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years16 to 17 years18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years25 years and over
25 to 44 years45 to 64 years65 years and^over
COLOR
WhiteMalesFemales
Negro and other races
MalesFemales
MARITAL STATUS
Males:
Married, spouse presentWidowed, divorced, or separatedSingle (never married)
Females:
Married, spouse presentWidowed, divorced, or separatedSingle (never married)
Service workersPrivate householdOther service workers
Females
White-collar workers
Professional and technicalManagers and administrators, except farm .Sales workersClerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workersOperatives, except transportTransport equipment operativesNonfarm laborers
Service workersPrivate householdOther service workers
100. 0100.0100.0100.0100.0
100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0
100.0100.0100.0
100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0
100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0
100.0100.0100.0
100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0
100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0
100.0100.0100.0
2.21.61.03.82.8
5.64.06.25.28.7
6.613.9
5.8
1.31.11.01.92.0
4.83.93.94.98.6
3.8(1)3.8
3.02.31.56.53.0
9.66.59.9
10.010.6
8.214.0
7.2
13.110.6
4.323.017.2
6.93.55.49.0
17.7
31.456.228.7
5.45.42.59.68.1
6.43.05.26.2
17.4
19.4(1)
19.3
21.018.111.642.519.8
9.615.0
5.651.621.1
38.556.735.2
84.887.894.773.380.0
87.592.588.485.773.6
62.129.965.5
93.293.696.588.589.8
88.893.290.988.874.0
76.9(1)
77.0
75.979.587.051.077.2
80.878.584.538.468.3
53.329.357.6
56.458.043.943.267.5
60.362.964.46.53.6
46.221.048.9
51.157.741.144.365.3
59.263.062.247.553.6
52.2(1)
52.2
61.758.355.041.468.1
65.362.968.923.753.8
42.620.646.6
10.410.814.310.3
7.6
13.713.814.016.410.8
7.43.47.8
13.411.615.313.913.1
14.314.015.717.010.9
10.0(1)
10.0
7.29.6
10.25.16.1
10.88.5
11.47.99.4
5.93.36.3
18.019.036.519.8
4.9
13.515.89.7
23.29.2
8.55.58.8
28.724.340.130.311.4
15.316.213.024.3
9.5
14.7(1)
14.8
7.011.621.8
4.53.0
4.77.14.26.85.1
4.85.44.7
t1 Percent not shown where base is less than 75,000.
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
HOUSEHOLD DATA 48
A-29. Employment status of 14-15 year-olds by sex and color
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status
September 1975
White
Males Females
Negro and other races
Both sexes Males
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor forceEmployed
AgricultureNonagricultural industries
UnemployedUnemployment rate
Not in labor force
Keeping houseGoing to schoolUnable to workAll other reasons
8,456
1,4611,268
1741,094
19313.2
6,99555
6,5199
412
4,302
83974014959199
11.8
3,46417
3,2624
181
4,154
62252825
50394
15.1
3,53138
3,2584
231
7,149
1,3601,201
1561,046
15811.6
5,79035
5,4836
266
3,648
77569313855483
10.7
2,87314
2,7354
120
3,502
5845091849175
12.8
2,91721
2,7472
147
1,307
10167194835
34.7
1,20520
1,0372
146
654
6448113616(1)
5913
526
62
652
38197
1219(1)
61417
511284
1 Percent not shown where base is less than 75,000.
A-30. Employed 14-15 year-olds by sex, class of worker, and major occupational group
Characteristics
CLASS OF WORKER
Total
Nonagricultural industries
Wage and salary workersPrivate household workersGovernment workersOther wage and salary workers
Self-employed workersUnpaid family workers
AgricultureWage and salary workersSelf-employed workersUnpaid family workers ,
OCCUPATION
Total
White-collar workers
Professional and technicalManagers and administrators, except farmSales workersClerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operativesNonfarm laborers
Service workersPrivate household workers
Other service workers
Farm workers
Farmers and farm managersFarm laborers and supervisors
September 1975
Thousands of persons
1,268
1,0941,0084 7227
5097412174901470
1,268
25810
21238
26312247
219
590351239
1584
154
740
59151113319
3596812149741462
740
1962
17618
25313237
209
15813145
1343
131
Females
528
503497339
9150
6
25161
528
627
3519
10
2
10
432338
94
24
24
Percent distribution
100.0
86.379.537.22.1
40.15.8
.913.77.11.15.5
20 .
16 .3 .
2 0 .
1.
17 .
4 6 .2 7 .18 .
1 2 .
12 .
38
70
79963
578
531
100.0
79.969.118.02.6
48.59.21.6
20.110.01.98.4
100.0
2 6 .
2 3 .2 .
3 4 .1 .3 .
2 8 .
2 1 .1 .
19 .
L8.
17 .
53
84
18192
386
147
Females
100.0
95.394.164.21.7
28.41.1
4.73.0
.21.5
100.0
11.71.3
6.63.6
1.9
.4
1.9
81.864.017.8
4.5
4.5
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
4 9 HOUSEHOLD DATASEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-31. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status1974
Sept.
1975
Apr. May July Aug. Sept.
Total noninstitutional populat ioa1 . . .Total labor force
Percent of total populat ion..Civilian noninstitutional population1.Civilian labor force
Percent of civilian populationEmployed
Percent of civilian populationAgricultureNonagricultural industr ies.. . . . .
UnemployedUnemployment rate
Not in labor force
Males, 20 years and over
Total noninstitutional population1
Total labor forcePercent of total population .
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .Civilian labor force
Percent of civilian populationEmployed
AgricultureNonagricultural industries
UnemployedUnemployment rate
Not in labor force
Females, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1.Civilian labor force
Percent of populationEmployed
AgricultureNonagricultural industries . .
UnemployedUnemployment rate
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16-19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population1.Civilian labor force
Percent of populationEmployed
AgricultureNonagricultural industries . .
UnemployedUnemployment rate
Not in labor force
151,36793,92262.0
149,15091,70561.5
86,40257.93,489
82,9135,3035.8
57,445
64,18152,31181.5
62,40550,53581.0
48,5832,500
46,0831,9523.9
11,870
70,63832,12945.5
30,290489
29,8011,8395.7
38,509
16,1079,04156.17,529500
7,0291,51216.77,066
151,59394,05762.0
149,38091,84461.5
86,30457.83,440
82,8645,5406.0
57,536
64,27952,55481.8
62,50650,78181.2
48,5842,477
46,1072,1974.3
11,725
70,74932,03945.3
30,237494
29,7431,8025.6
38,710
16,1249,02456.07,483469
7,0141,54117.17,100
151,81293,92161.9
149,60091,70861.3
85,68957.33,375
82,3146,0196.6
57,892
64,37452,50981.6
62,60150,73781.0
48,3792,429
45,9502,3584.6
11,864
70,85832,05945.2
29,945464
29,4812,1146.6
38,799
16,1418,91255.27,365482
6,8831,54717.47,229
152,02094,01561.8
149,80991,80361.3
85,20256.93,33981,8636,6017.
58,006
64,46252,41481.3
62,69050,64280.8
47,9612,451
45,5102,6815.3
12,048
70,96132,30545.5
29,992454
29,5382,31:
7.:38,656
16,1578,85654.87,249434
6,8151,60718.17,301
152,23094,28461.9
150,03792,09161.4
84,56256.43,38381,1797,5298.2
57,946
64,55252,24480.9
62,82450,51580.4
47,4902,422
45,0683,0256.0
12,309
71,06132,55645.8
29,932524
29,4082,6248.1
38,505
16,1529,02055.87,140437
6,7031,88020.87,132
152,44593,70961.5
150,24691,51160.9
84,02755.93,326
80,7017,4848.2
58,735
64,64452,15080.7
62,91150,41780.1
47,2882,475
44,8133,1296.2
12,494
71,16732,32645.4
29,719474
29,2452,6078.1
38,841
16,1688,76854.27,020377
6,6431,74819.97,400
152,64694,02761.6
150,44791,82961.0
83,84955.73,265
80,5847,9808.7
58,618
64,73052,13680.5
62,99750,40380.0
46,9902,421
44,5693,4136.8
12,594
71,26632,63745.8
29,877443
29,4342,7608.5
38,629
16,1848,78954.36,982401
6,5811,80720.67,395
152,84094,45761.8
150,64592,26261.2
84,08655.83,23880,8488,1768.9
58,383
64,81252,41480.9
63,08050,68380.3
47,1232,399
44,7243,5607.0
12,397
71,35832,84546.0
30,007453
29,5542,8388.6
38,513
16,2078,73453.96,956386
6,5701,77820.47,473
153,05195,12162.1
150,87092,94061.1
84,40255.93,51280,8908,5389.2
57,930
64,90152,78881.3
63,18051,06780.8
47,3332,457
44,8763,7347.3
12,113
71,46332,83545.9
29,998537
29,4612,8378.6
38,628
16,2269,03855.77,071518
6,5531,96721.87,188
153,27894,51861.7
151,10092,34061.1
84,44455.93,304
81,1407,8968.6
58,760
65,00052,43980.7
63,28250,72180.2
47,1662,394
44,7723,5557.0
12,561
71,57433,02346.1
30,332480
29,8522,6918.1
38,551
16,2448,59652.96,946430
6,5161,65019.27,648
153,58595,10261.9
151,39992,91661.4
85,07856.23,45081,6287,8388.4
58,483
65,12852,79581.1
63,40351,07080.5
47,4992,435
45,0643,5717.0
12,333
71,72933,17346.2
30,563529
30,0342,6107.9
38,556
16,2678,67353.37,016486
6,5301,65719.17,594
153,82495,33162.0
151,63993,14661.4
85,35256.3«3,46881,8847,7948.4
58,493
65,23452,79480.9
63,49851,05880.4
47,6822,463
45,2193,3766.6
12,440
71,83933,23946.3
30,690548
30,1422,5497.7
38,600
16,3028,84954.36,980457
6,5231,86921.17,453
154,05295,36161.9
151,88293,19161.4
85,41856.23,546
81,8727,7738.3
58,691
65,35352,93681.0
63,62951,21380.5
47,6382,483
45,1553,5757.0
12,416
71,92633,10846.0
30,618538
30,0802,4907.5
38,818
16,3278,87054.37,162525
6,6371,70819.37,457
Because seasonality, by definition, does not exist in population figures, these figures arenot seasonally adjusted.
NOTE: Detail for the household data shown in tables A-31 through A-50 will not radd to totals, because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.c= corrected.
jrily
A-32. Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Full- and part-time employment1974
Sept.
1975
Jan. Feb. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.
FULL TIME
Total, 16 years and over:Civilian labor force
EmployedUnemployedUnemployment rate
PART TIME
Total, 16 years and over:Civilian labor force '
EmployedUnemployedUnemployment rate
78,47774,3504,1275.3
13,43812,2641,1748.7
78,86074,3234,5375.8
13,18812,0401,1488.7
78,56973,7254,8446.2
13,21011,9891,2219.2
78,62673,3145,3126.8
13,22611,9501,2769.6
78,83972,7506,0897.7
13,33511,9351,40010.5
78,42972,3156,1147.8
13,02111,6851,33610.3
78,58372,0696,5148.3
13,23011,7821,44810.9
78,99572,1716,8248.6
13,38011,9851,39510.4
79,73072,7067,024
13,30311,8211,48211.1
78,38571,9706,4158.2
13,93212,4991,43310.3
78,71972,3296,3908.1
14,29212,8611,43110.0
79,071c72,863c6,2087.9c
14,09512,5821,51310.7
79,64673,1206,5268.2
13,79112,4711,320
9.6
NOTE: Persons on part-time schedules for economic reasons are included in the full-time
employed category; unemployed persons are allocated by whether seeking full- or part-time work.
c= corrected
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
HOUSEHOLD DATASEASONALLY ADJUSTED
5 0
A-33. Employment status by color, sex, and age, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Characteristics
1974
Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
1975
Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.
WHITE
Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Males, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Females, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
NEGRO AND OTHER RACES
Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Males, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed .
Unemployment rate
Females, 20 years and over:Civilian labor force
EmployedUnemployed
Unemployment rate
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
81,33777,0174,320
5.3
45,42143,7971,6243.6
27,82526,3471,4785.3
8,0916,8731,21815.1
10,4579,4231,0349.9
5,1524,801
3516.8
4,3043,948
3568.3
1,00167432732.7
81,43976,9974,442
5.5
45,65143,8441,8074.0
27,76226,3171,4455.2
8,0266,8361,19014.8
10,4619,3161,14510.9
5,1634,771
3927.6
4,2983,8904089.5
1,000655345
34.5
81,35576,5384,817
5.9
45,53543,6151,9204.2
27,85626,1651,6916.1
7,9646,7581,20615.1
10,3949,1881,20611.6
5,1994,758
4418.5
4,2513,8344179.8
94459634836.9
81,33876,1065,2326.4
45,40843,2552,1534.7
27,99726,1801,8176.5
7,9336,6711,26215.9
10,3899,0901,29912.5
5,1934,712
4819.3
4,2563,79246410.9
94058635437.7
81,706
75,5556,1517.5
45,27942,7922,4875.5
28,31326,1432,1707.7
8,1146,6201,49418.4
10,4649,0571,40713.4
5,2244,677
54710.5
4,2913,821470
11.0
949559390
41.1
81,07175,0436,0287.4
45,19142,6682,5235.6
28,11325,9702,1437.6
7,7676,4051,36217.5
10,3878,9891,39813.5
5,1754,598
57711.1
4,2363,77346310.9
976618358
36.7
8L,546
75,0396,5078.0
45,32542,5082,8176.2
28,35826,0952,2638.0
7,8636,4361,42718.1
10,3648,8931,47114.2
5,1344,528
60611.8
4,3113,82848311.2
919537382
41.6
81,825
75,1936,6328.1
45,51942,6072,9126.4
28,53026,1972,3338.2
7,7766,3891,38717.8
10,4018,8861,51514.6
5,1624,512
65012.6
4,2763,79847811.2
96357638740.2
82,428
75,3877,0418.5
45,81042,6853,1256.8
28,57426,2282,3468.2
8,0446,4741,57019.5
10,4948,9531,54114.7
5,1954,574
62112.0
4,3143,787
52712.2
985592393
39.9
81,908
75,4516,4577.9
45,60442,6642,9406.4
28,63926,4682,1717.6
7,6656,3191,34617.6
10,4699,0341,43513.7
5,1804,566
61411.9
4,3453,837
50811.7
94463131333.2
82,436
75,9256,5117.9
45,81442,8123,0026.6
28,81326,6762,1377.4
7,8096,4371,37217.6
10,4689,1031,36513.0
5,2574,659
59811.4
4,3133,847
46610.8
89859730133.5
82,47676,1826,2947.6
45,77542,9782,7976.1
28,81026,8221,9886.9
7,8916,3821,50919.1
10,6239,1341,48914.0
5,2934,704
58911.1
4,4033,850
55312.6
92758034737.4
82,58476,2706,3147.6
45,91742,9412,9766.5
28,70926,7591,9506.8
7,9586,5701,38817.4
10,7469,2051,54114.3
5,3514,706
64512.1
4,4223,888
53412.1
97361136237.2
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
51 HOUSEHOLD DATASEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-34. Major unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
[Unemployment rates]
Selected categories
Total (all civilian workers)Males, 20 years and over
Females, 20 years and overBoth sexes, 16-19 years
White
Negro and other races
Household headsMarried men
Full-time workers . . . .Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks and over1
State insured2
Labor force time lost3
OCCUPATION
Professional and technicalManagers and administrators except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workersBlue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers .Operatives
Nonfarm laborersService workers
Farm workers
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workersConstructionManufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goodsTransportation and public utilities .Wholesale and retail trade ,
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers
1974
Sept.
5.83.95.7
16.7
5.39.93.42.8
5.3
8.71.13.56.4
3.52.52.14.14.97.04.87.6
10.36.42.6
6.012.0
6.0
5.3
6.93.36.64.83.0
6.7
Oct.
6.04.35.6
17.1
5.510.93.73.0
5.8
8.7
1.13.66.6
3.32.31.84.54.57.45.08.1
10.86.62.6
6.212.0
6.4
6 .1
6.93.46.84.83.0
7.9
Nov.
6.64.66.6
17.4
5.911.63.93.3
6.29.21.24.37.2
2.62.25.05.18.35.39.8
11.06.82.5
6.813.5
7.4
7.0
7.93.47.05.43.57.2
Dec.
7.25.37.2
18.1
6.412.54.63.8
6.8
9.61.44.87.9
2.52.66.05.49.36.1
10.713.07.12.4
7.714.9
8.9
8.7
9 .13.98.15.43.2
7.9
1975
Jan.
8.26.08.1
20,8
7.513.45.24.5
7.7
10.51.75.58.9
2.93.35.76.3
11.07.0
13.114.38.13.6
8.715.010.510.510.35.98.56.23.4
10.2
Feb.
8.26.28.1
19.9
7.413.55.44.7
7.8
10.32.05.98.9
3.22.75.36.2
10.96.5
13.314.17.73.0
8.815.911.010.911.15.28.06.53.68.8
Mar.
8.76.88.5
20.6
8.014.25.85.2
8.3
10.92.26.49.6
2.92.76.06.6
12.58.7
14.116.28.54.5
9.318.111.411.311.65.68.76.73.9
12.0
Apr.
8.97.08.6
20.4
8.114.66.05.6
8.610.42.66.89.7
3.43.35.86.2
13.09.0
14.917.28.24.0
9.819.312.212.811.46.69.16.63.8
12.6
May
9.27.38.6
21.8
8.514.76.35.8
8.8
11.12.87.09.9
3.63.55.97.8
13.09.3
14.417.78.73.7
10.121.812.312.711.66.78.97.24.99.4
June
8.67.08.1
19.2
7.913.76.15.7
8.2
10.33.16.98.9
3.23.06.06.7
12.69.4
14.016.08.53.3
9.621.012.012.910.75.88.36.63.9
10.5
July
8.47.07.9
19.1
7.913.06.05.4
8 . 1
10.03.26.28.8
3.62.94.96.8
12.19.6
12.915.98.32.6
9.220.811.111.510.45.68.36.34.38.4
Aug.
8.46.67.7
21.1
7.614.05.55.0
7.9r10.73.15.8r8.6
2.93.05.96.4
11.58.2
12.716.29.33.8
9.119.910.511.3
9.55.78.96.14.0
10.5
Sept.
8.37.0
7.5
19.3
7.6
14.35.7
5.3
8.2
9.6
3 .15.8
9.0
3.33.45.66.3
11.58.6
12.715.2
8.7
3.4
9.119.210.611.3
9.45.88.76.34.2
9.9
1 Unemployment rate calculated as a percent of civilian labor force. 3 Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part-time for economic reasons2 Insured unemployment under State programs as a percent of average covered as a percent of potentially available labor force hours,
employment. 4 Includes mining, not shown separately.r= revised.
A-35. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers In thousands]
Weeks of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks5 to 14 weeks15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks . . . .27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks . . .
Percent distribution
Total unemployed . .Less than 5 weeks5 to 14 weeks15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks27 weeks and over
1974
S e p t .
2 ,6541 ,701
989603
386
9.7
1 0 0 . 04 9 . 73 1 . 8
18.511.3
7 . 2
Oct.
2,7651,7541,016
640
376
9.8
100.050.0
31.7
18.411.6
6 . 8
Nov.
2,9811,9311,117
691
426
9.8
100.049.4
32.0
18.511.5
7 . 1
Dec.
3,0772,0621,319
782
537
10.0
100.047.6
31.9
20.412.1
8 . 3
1975
Jan.
3,3162,6631,537
914
623
10.7
100.044.1
35.4
20.412.2
8 . 3
Feb.
2,9142,5971,8221,118
704
11.7
100.039.7
35.4
24.815.2
9 . 6
Mar.
3,2532,6191,9911,259
732
11.4
100.041.4
33.3
25.316.0
9 . 3
Apr.
2,8972,6952,4031,452
951
12.9
100.036.2
33.7
30.118.2
11.9
May
3,1342,6202,6431,568
1,075
13.4
100.037.3
31.231.518.712.8
June
2,6922,4982,8871,5611,326
15.4
100.033.3
30.935.716.416.4
July
2,8232,1202,9981,6041,394
15.4
100.035.5
26.737.820.217.6
Aug.
2,6762,361
2,8421,3831,459
15.7
100.034.0
30.036.117.618.5
Sept.
2,7902,4302,8561,2421,614
16.2
100.034.5
30.135.415.420.0
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
HOUSEHOLD DATASEASONALLY ADJUSTED
52
A-36. Rates of unemployment by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Sex and age
Sept.
1974
Oct. Nov.
1975
Jan. Feb. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years16 to 17 years18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years25 years and over
25 to 54 years55 years and over
Males, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years16 to 17 years18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years25 years and over
25 to 54 years55 years and over
Females, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years20 to 24 years25 years and over
25 to 54 years55 years and over
5.8
16.718.516.0
9.43.73.83.0
5.0
16.918.416.69.13.03.12.8
6.9
16.518.615.39.74.85.13.5
6.0
17.118.815.79.44.04.23.1
5.4
16.517.915.29.43.43.62.7
7.0
17.820.016.29.54.95.23.7
6.6
17.419.515.810.54.44.73.2
5.7
17.119.715.110.43.73.92.8
7.8
17.619.316.610.75.76.13.9
7.2
18.121.216.011.74.95.13.7
6.4
17.421.114.911.24.34.43.4
8.5
19.021.417.312.45.96.34.4
8.2
20.822.619.612.45.76.14.2
7.2
19.822.318.212.64.85.13.9
9.7
22.123.021.112.27.17.64.9
8.2
19.921.618.213.35.76.04.8
7.4
20.022.017.913.35.05.1
4.4
9.4
19.921.118.513.36.97.45.5
8.7
20.622.319.514.36.16.44.8
7.9
20.220.820.014.85.45.54.7
9.8
21.024.218.813.67.37.85.0
8.9
20.421.519.714.66.36.75.1
8.3
21.722.821.315.85.65.94.9
9.7
18.719.817.813.37.58.15.4
9.2
21.822.821.214.86.46.94.9
8.5
21.222.719.915.65.86.24.8
10.2
22.422.922.613.97.58.05.1
8.6
19.220.318.212.86.67.04.9
8.1
20.621.519.414.05.96.34.7
9.2
17.618.716.811.47.68.15.2
8.4
19.119.918.413.66.26.64.8
8.1
19.921.019.014.85.76.04.6
9.0
18.218.617.812.17.07.55.1
8.4
21.123.19.513.15.86.24.5
7.9
21.723.519.814.25.35.64.3
9.1
20.522.519.311.7
6.67.14.9
8.3
19.321.918.013.66.06.34.6
8.0
19.422.418.215.35.65.94.6
8.8
19.121.317.811.76.67.04.5
A-37. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted[Numbers in thousands]
Reason for unemployment1974
Sept. Oct Nov. Dec
1975
Jan. Feb. Mar Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losersJob leaversReentrantsNew entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployedJob losersJob leavers
ReentrantsNew entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losersJob leaversReentrantsNew entrants
2,256745
1,592726
100.042.414.029.913.6
2.5.8
1.7.8
2,418834
1,450770
100.044.215.226.514.1
2.6.9
1.6
2,840784
1,670784
100.046.712.927.512.9
3.1.9
1.8.9
3,190788
1,762778
100.048.912.127.011.9
3.5.9
1.9.8
3,831760
1,924858
100.052.010.326.111.6
4.2.8
2.1.9
4,017730
1,686846
100.055.210.023.211.6
4.4
1.8.9
4,369798
1,854773
100.056.110.223.89.9
4.8.9
2.0
4,657806
1,916766
100.057.29.9
23.59.4
5.0.9
2.1.8
4,863869
2,114848
100.055.910.024.39.8
5.2.9
2.3.9
4,808779
1,846670
100.059.39.6
22.88.3
5.2.8
2.0.7
4,567826
1,771648
100.058.510.622.78.3
4.9.9
1.9.7
4,263777
1,879876
100.054.710.024.111.2
4.6
2.0.9
4,576814
1,786819
100.057.210.222.310.2
4.9.9
1.9.9
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
5 3
A-38. Employed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
HOUSEHOLD DATASEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Sex and age
Total, 16 years andover
16 to 19 years16 to 17 years18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years25 years and over
25 to 54 years55 years and over
Males, 16 years andover .
16 to 19 years16 to 17 years . . .18 to 19 years •
20 to 24 years
55 years and over
Females, 16 years and
16 to 19 years •16 to 17 years18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years25 years and over
25 to 54 years55 years and over
S e p t .
86,4027,5293,1684,379
11,99166,90853,24313,663
52,671
4,0881,8062,3126,649
41,93933,1978,715
33,731
3,4111,3622,0675,342
24,96920,0464,948
1974
Oct.
86
734
1?665313
41
64133
8
312
24?0
4
304,483,149,324,031,788,172,631
,674
,090,768,322,686,900,154,746
,630
,393,381,002,345,888,018,885
Nov.
7,3 ,4,
66,
13,
52,
4,1,7,6,
41,33,
8,
33
3,1,1,5,
24,19,4,
689365066285949399882471
410
031717315634764090646
779
33435497031563579?825
Dec.
85,7,2,4,
H i66,5?,13,
51,
3 ,1,?,
6,41 ,32,
8,
33,
3 ,1 ,1 ,
24,
A>
202249988260809182678555
953
99?675308514492805667
249
257313952295690823888
Jan.
84,5627,1403,0674,100
11,68865,75352,20013,567
51,329
3,8391,6482,1946,419
41,06632,4978,603
33,233
3,3011,4191,9065,269
24,68719,703
4,964
Feb.
84,0277,0202,9174,116
11,54465,46551,94013,569
51,112
3,8241,6152,2236,370
40,90632,3508,603
32,915
3,1961,3021,8935,174
24,55919,590
4,966
Mar.
83,8496,9822,9114,073
11,45165,43951,97813,510
50,781
3,7911,6532,1416,277
40,76332,3248,499
33,068
3,1911,2581,9325,174
24,67619,654
5,011
Apr.
84,6,2,4,
l i t65,52,13,
50,
3 ,1,26,
40,32,
8,
33,
3 ,1,1»5,
24,19,
5,
086956870098462695090554
873
750581168217931350529
213
206289930245764740025
1975
May
84724
11655213
51
3126
4032
8
33
3115
2419
5
,40?,071,871,241,619,687,146,536
,172
,839,599,260,357,942,460,488
,230
,232,272,981,262,745,686,048
June
84,4446,9462,8444,113
11,67265,80452,39913,438
50,861
3,6951,5622,1476,269
40,90532,485
8,405
33,583
3,2511,2821,9665,403
24,89919,914
5,033
July
85724
11665213
51
3126
4132
8
33
3115
2520
5
,078,016,887,155,696,274,713,560
,287
,788,593,219,315,126,592,542
,791
,228,294,936,381,148,121,018
Aug.
85624
11665313
51
3126
4132
8
33
3115
2520
4
,352,980,841,101,770,617,163,447
,448
,766,559,173,358,298,795,487
,904
,214,282,928,412,319,368,960
Sept.
85,4187,1622,9254,251
11,71066,54253,10513,467
51,490
3,8521,6122,2656,330
41,27932,7868,474
33,928
3,3101,3131,9865,380
25,26320,3194,993
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
HOUSEHOLD DATASEASONALLY ADJUSTED
5 4
A-39. Employed persons by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted[ In thousands]
1 Vietnam-era veterans are those who served after August 4, 1964.2 Since seasonal variations are not present in the population figures, identical numbers
appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
A-42. Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force by sex and age, seasonally adjusted[Numbers in thousands]
Full- and part-time employmentstatus, sex, and age
1972
I I I IV
1973 1974
I I I I I
1975
FULLTIME
Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed1
Unemployed
Unemployment rate . .
Males, 20 years and over:Civilian labor force
Employed1
Unemployed
Unemployment rate . . .
Females, 20 years and over:Civilian labor force
Employed1
Unemployed
Unemployment rate . . .
Both sexes, 16 -19 years:Civilian labor force
Employed1
Unemployed
Unemployment rate . . .
PART TIME
Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed1
Unemployed
Unemployment rate . .
Males, 20 years and over:Civilian labor force
Employed1
Unemployed . . . . . . . .Unemployment rate . . .
Females, 20 years and over:Civilian labor force
Employed1
UnemployedUnemployment rate . . .
Both sexes, 16 -19 years:Civilian labor force-
Employed1
UnemployedUnemployment rate . . .
74,26770,5043,763
5.1
46,52644,7951,731
3.7
23,37722,069
1,3085.6
4,3643,640
72416.6
12,63611,5771,059
8.4
2,4382,279
1596.5
6,4856,158
3275.0
3,7133,140
57315.4
74,57671,0243,552
4.9
46,64044,9881,652
3.5
23,41422,217
1,1975.1
4,5223,819
70315.5
12,58911,5021,087
8.6
2,4412,280
1616.6
6,4676,110
3575.5
3,6813,112
56915.5
75,12371,7413,382
4.5
46,77945,2551,524
3.3
23,68822,5061,182
5.0
4,6563,980
67614.5
12,50911,545
9647.7
2,4022,278
1245.2
6,4886,159
3295.1
3,6193,108
51114.1
75,69972,4043,295
4.4
46,98245,5051,477
3.1
24,00722,8571,150
4.8
4,7104,042
66814.2
12,76411,6881,076
8.4
2,4372,277
1606.6
6,6046,283
3214.9
3,7233,128
59516.0
75,96172,7753,186
4.2
47,15945,796
1,3632.9
24,15723,0071,150
4.8
4,6453,972
67314.5
12,92911,8881,041
8.1
2,4242,258
1666.8
6,7936,458
3354.9
3,7123,172
54014.5
76,69873,4053,293
4.3
47,45046,0631,387
2.9
24,33723,1601,177
4.8
4,9114,182
72914.8
13,16312,169
9947.6
2,4762,328
1486.0
6,7836,480
3034.5
3,9043,361
54313.9
77,38873,8413,547
4.6
47,77746,2281,549
3.2
24,55523,3131,242
5.1
5,0564,300
75615.0
13,12812,0531,075
8.2
2,4592,301
1586.4
6,7946,445
3495.1
3,8753,307
56814.7
77,61074,0093,601
4.6
47,81146,2221,589
3.3
24,82123,561
1,2605.1
4,9784,226
75215.1
13,11712,0321,085
8.3
2,4192,262
1576.5
6,8806,529
3515.1
3,8183,241
57715.1
77,96574,0863,879
5.0
47,87446,1641,710
3.6
25,20223,8591,343
5.3
4,8894,063
82616.9
13,38412,2321,152
8.6
2,5062,331
1757.0
7,0066,621
3855.5
3,8723,280
59215.3
78,68573,7874,898
6.2
48,19545,9552,240
4.6
25,33923,6321,707
6.7
5,1514,200
95118.5
13,20811,9931,215
9.2
2,5202,338
1827.2
6,8106,427
3835.6
3,8783,228
65016.8
78,61772,3786,239
7.9
47,92344,9482,974
6.2
25,76723,5842,182
8.5
4,9283,8451,08222.0
13,19511,8011,39510.6
2,5142,318
1977.8
6,7776,296
4817.1
3,9383,220
71718.2
79,03772,2826,754
8.5
48,22944,8553,374
7.0
25,86923,5822,287
4,9393,8451,09322.1
13,53812,1021,43710.6
2,6062,365
2419.2
7,0156,519
4967.1
3,9183,218
69917.8
79,14572,7706,375
8.1
48,44945,1643,285
6.8
25,93723,8752,061
7.9
4,7603,7311,02921.6
14,05912,6381,42110.1
2,6672,437
2298.6
7,2516,777
4736.5
4,1423,423
71917.4
1 Persons on part-time schedules for economic reasons are included in the full-time employed category; unemployed persons are allocated by whether seeking full- or part-time work.
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
A-44. Major unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
[Unemployment rates]
Selected categories
1972 1973 1975
II III
Total (all civilian workers)Males, 20 years and over
Females, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16-19 years
White
Negro and other races
Household headsMarried men
Full-time workers
Part-time workersUnemployed 15 weeks and over1
State insured2
Labor force time lost"*
OCCUPATION
White-collar workers
Professional and technicalManagers and administrators, except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers . . . ,Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers .
Operatives
Nonfarm laborersService workers
Farm workers
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultura! private wage and salary workers4
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods .Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail tradeFinance and service industries
Government workersAgricultural wage and salary workers
5.63.95.5
1 6 . 1
5.09.9
3.32.75.18.41.33.45.9
3.42.41.84.54.76.44.16.9
10.06.62.6
5.710.45.55.45.73.86.64.73.07.2
5.33.75.2
15.5
4.89.8
3.12.64.98.61.23.05.6
3.32.41.84.34.45.84.06.19.16.22.8
5.49.94.94.45.52.96.24.82.98.2
5.03.45.0
14.6
4.58.9
3.02.44.57.71.02.95.3
3.02.21.53.74.35.53.85.98.56.02.5
5.09.14.64.25.03.05.74.52.66.9
4.93.34.8
14.8
4,49.1
2.92.34.48.4.9
2.85.3
2.92.21.53.64.25.33.75.68.65.73.1
4.88.74.43.85.23.15.54.32.98.0
4.83.14.8
14.3
4.29.1
2.72.14.28.1.9
2.75.1
2.92.11.33.74.15.33.85.58.35.62.3
4.89.14.13.74.62.85.84.12.86.2
4.73.14.7
14.3
4.38.6
2.82.24.37.6.9
2.65.3
2.82.21.33.64.05.33.55.78.45.62.3
4.88.64.23.94.83.05.54.32.66.8
5.13.45.1
15.2
4.69.2
2.92.44.68.2
.93.25.6
3.12.11.74.04.36.03.86.88.85.92.4
5.28.65.04.85.42.96.04.52.76.9
5.13.55.1
15.1
4.69.1
3.02.44.68.31.03.35.7
3.12.21.74.04.36.13.96.79.66.12.7
5.310.05.04.75.33.16.14.33.17.6
5.53.75.4
16.1
5.09.6
3.22.75.08.61.03.46.0
3.32.31.83.94.86.64.47.1
10.56.32.7
5.711.35.65.06.53.46.44.63.07.1
6.64.86.5
17.5
5.911.7
4.13.36.29.21.34.27.2
3.72.52.25.25.08.35.49.6
11.66.92.5
6.913.47.57.37.93.67.35.23.27.7
8.36.38.2
20.5
7.613.7
5.54.87.9
10.61.96.09.1
4.63.02.95.76.4
11.47.4
13.614.88.13.7
8.916.411.010.911.05.68.46.53.6
10.3
8.97.18.5
20.5
8.214.3
6.15.78.5
10.62.86.99.5
5.03.43.35.96.9
12.99.2
14.417.08.53.7
9.920.712.212.811.26.48.86.84.2
10.8
8.46.97.7
19.8
7.713.8
5.75.28.1
10.13.15.9
4.73.33.15.46.5
11.78.8
12.715.88.53.3
9.120.010.711.49.85.78.76.24.19.6
Unemployment rate calculated as a percent of civilian labor force. 3 Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part-time for economic reasons2 Insured unemployment under State programs as a percent of average covered as a percent of potentially available labor force hours,
employment. 4 | n c | U ( j e s mining, not shown separately.
A-45. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted[Numbers in thousands]
Weeks of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks5 to 14 weeks15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration in weeks . . . .
Percent distribution
Total unemployedLess than 5 weeks5 to 14 weeks15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks . . . . .27 weeks and over
1972
I I I
2 , 2 5 6
1,4641,136
603533
1 2 . 0
100 .04 6 . 53 0 . 12 3 . 412.411.0
IV
2,1651,4121,034
562472
11.4
100.047.030.622.412.210.2
1973
I
2,1431,313
894512382
10.7
100.049.330.220.611.88.8
I I
2,2341,332
8004643369.9
100.051.230.518.310.67.7
I I I
2,2031,282
7624632999.7
100.051.930.217.910.9
7.0
IV
2 ? 2051,264
7724443289.8
100.052.029.818.210.57,7
1974
I
2,4181,406
8044823229.5
100.052.230.417.410.4
7.0
I I
2,3901,437
8955403559.7
100.050.630.419.011.47.5
I I I
2,5441,557
9525703829.9
100.050.330.818.811.37.6
IV
2,9411,9161,151
7054469.9
100.049.031.919.211.7
7.4
1975
I
3,1612,6261,7831,097
68611.3
100.041.834.723.614.59.1
I I
2,9082,6042,6441,5271,11713.9
100.035.731.932.418.713.7
I I I
2,7632,3042,8991,4101,48915.8
100.034.7,28.936.417.718.7
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
A-50. Job desire of persons not in labor force, by current activity, reasons for not seeking work, sex, and color,seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
1972
IV
1973 1974
IV
1975
I I
Total not in labor force
Do not want job nowCurrent activity:
Going to schoolIl l , disabledKeeping houseRetiredOther
Want a job nowReason not looking:
School attendanceIll health, disabilityHome responsibilitiesThink cannot get job
Job-market factorsPersonal factors
Other reasons
Males
Total not in labor force . . . .
Do not want job now . . . .Want a job now
Reason not looking:School attendance . .Ill health, disability .Think cannot get jobOther reasons1 . . . .
Females
Total not in labor force
Do not want job now
Want a job nowReason not looking:
School attendanceIll health, disability . . . .Home responsibilities . . .Think cannot get job . . .Other reasons
White
Total not in labor force
Do not want job now
Want a job nowReason not looking:
School attendanceIll health, disabilityHome responsibilities . . .Think cannot get job . . .Other reasons
Negro and other races
Total not in labor fore
Do not want job now
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
III health, disability . . .
Home responsibilities . .
Think cannot get job . .
Other reasons
56,798
52,530
6,4064,286
32,4826,7452,6114,305
1,104
623
1,106
747
529
218
724
14,182
12,907
1,270
573262209226
42,617
39,624
3,045
531
361
1,083
538
532
50,365
46,941
3,404
901
453
820
585
645
6,431
5,499
940
209
169
284
172
106
57,153
52,653
6,234
4,492
32,374
6,824
2,729
4,682
1,278
706
1,138
719
504
215
841
14,301
12,976
1,380
634284233229
42,852
39,6783,313
644
422
1,120
486
642
50,701
47,255
3,618
977
541
861
529
709
6,435
5,376
1,098
287
180
277
194
160
57,37553,087
6,3174,281
32,4987,0622,9294,316
1,263
541
966
6"! 5
432
183
931
14,525
13,150
1,384
685238220241
42,849
39,935
2,927
578
303
940
395
711
50,829
47,391
3,454
965
411
798
475
804
6,521
5,594
877
281
128
178
152
138
57,134
52,218
5,894
4,510
31,922
7,2172,6754,738
1,268
659
932
14,545
12,996
1,499
660336246257
42,589
39,222
3,219
609
323
1,080
529
677
50,498
46,732
3,650
992
510
863
498
787
6,660
5,586
1,058
312
137
239
236
133
57,286
52,303
6,166
4,780
31,9087 , 2 ^2,714, 311>
57,108
52,989c
5,994
4,697
32,2617,1362,901c4,349
57,137
53,143
5,8924,753
32,2687,1823,0484,288
1,097 ; ,154 1,153
438224807
14,499
13,440
1,233
586254171222
42,639
39,702
3,048
567
401
975
491
614
50,438
47,142
3,396
912
486
819
515
664
6,694
5,773
903
225
170
201
160
146
14
13
1
42
39
3
1
50
47
3
6
5
1
189
857
,639
,322
,309
587275212236
,648
,481
,021
510
319
,086
453
652
,684
,430
,235
818
419
840
490
668
,615
,539
,073
263
173
266
179
192
''• 71
172
859
14,475
13,212
1,366
615257219275
42,632
39,776
3,006
541
423
964
452
627
50,463
47,156
3,347
896
450
758
535
709
6,643
5,661
1,020
250
248
229
142
152
57,628
53,251
5,827
4,714
32,032
7,342
3,336
4,460
1,183
597
1,093
652
449
203
935
14,922
13,503
1,345
601260245239
42,706
39,748
3,108
582
337
1,067
407
715
50,755
47,274
3,431
913
418
837
509
754
6,899
5,873
1,012
290
167
253
138
164
57,52652,988
6,0834,831
31,7837,4402,8514,543
1,330
689
1,047
625
414
211
852
15,045
13,360
1,477
669298232279
42,482
39,627
3,075
661
392
1,021
394
608
50,618
47,202
3,487
1,020
499
784
474
711
6,935
5,944
1,054
299
194
259
155
146
57,811
53,604
6,180
4,880
31,712
7,602
3,230
4,681
1,233
660
1,023
812
553
259
953
15,000
13,744
1,490
662280277271
42,811
39,861
3,204
571
380
1,008
535
710
50,808
47,341
3,639
921
519
800
607
790
6,994
6,027
1,010
294
135
222
194
166
58,43352,914
6,1504,970
31,1397,6173,0385,285
1,493
660
1,229
1,084
885
199
819
15,686
13,808
1,617
803267323225
42,748
39,105
3,661
690
394
1,198
761
619
51,276
46,883
4,102
1,135
499
952
804
712
7,121
5,859
1,222
336
167
286
316
117
58,35853,353
6,2914,780
31,4387,6073,2375,186
1,394
631
1,135
1,153
850
303
873
15,610
14,077
1,592
688286395222
42,747
39,2773,583
706
345
1,104
758
670
51,165
47,283
3,966i
1,100
439
893
799
734
7,197
5,997
1,196
323
182
242
320
130
58,55653,576
6,4344,684
31,2517,8603,3475,269
1,503
662
1,092
1,152
922230
860
15,692
14,202
1,738
782315395249
42,864
39,3743,538
721
347
1,057
757
656
51,265
47,481
4,027
1,116
466
867
842
736
7,264
6,126
1,235
364
205
217
323
127
1 Includes small number of men not looking for work because of home responsibilities.
c= corrected.
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
HOUSEHOLD DATAQUARTERLY AVERAGES
6 4
A-51. Job desire of persons not in labor force and reasons for not seeking work by age and sex[In thousands]
Reasons for not seeking work
Total
III1974
5652
343274
4
1
1
14
12
12
62
11
4239
123112
3
1
,529,258
,239,920,097,459,545
,271
652717,192632424208,078
,053
,855
,602,623234,121,274
,198
317316227338
,476,403
,637,296,863
,336,271
,073
335401,192405740
III1975
5752
343175
4
11
1
14
13
12
62
1
4239
123112
3
1
,628,701
,386,763,549,904,100
,927
727690,239,169937232,101
,870
,479
,728,542219,458,532
,391
360333397301
,758,223
,658,221,331,445,568
,536
367357,239772801
16-19
III1974
6,1875,158
2,14982832—
2,096
1,029
463499317911169245
2,490
2,056
1,0315318
957
434
2241184115
3,6973,100
1,11828814
1,140
597
240389396130
III1975
6,5,
2,
2,
1,
2,
2,
1,
1,
3,3,
1,
1,
381222
16867797
190
159
469299427849229288
642
133
0531816__044
509
24323138105
739089
11448781
146
650
226694141183
Age in years
20-24
III1974
4,2123,517
810100
2,119
489
695
108552111179521204
940
756
4275711__.261
184
52225159
3,2722,763
38543
2,107
228
509
563221166144
III1975
4,3593,528
826107
1,992
606
828
1535924518717214183
1,080
840
467685
301
240
74406858
3,2782,689
35739
1,988
305
589
8019245119127
25-59
III1974
23,64921,478
2752,20617,341
1811,479
2,171
7946686823917761519
2,628
2,204
1431,184
59152667
424
4022452108
21,02219,274
1301,024
17,28028812
1,748
40241868187412
III1975
2321
216
1
2
2
2
1
2018
116
2
,709,234
384,209,727171,743
,475
10544987253144886517
,784
,364
205,19261143762
420
431859795
,925,870
175,019,667
27982
,054
63262872436421
60 and over
III1974
22,48022,103
62,531
11,8077,278482
377
214821974157109
7,994
7,838
21,330147
5,970388
156
2574156
14,48614,265
41,20011,6601,308
93
221
__
90215654
III1975
23,18022,717
122,38012,0327,733560
463
153281718388111
8,362
8,140
21,262136
6,315426
222
869541
14,81714,575
101,11711,8971,418134
242
__
68287670
Total
Total not in labor forceDo not want a job now
Current activity:Going to schoolIll, disabledKeeping houseRetiredOther
Want a job nowReason not looking:
School attendanceIll health, disabilityHome responsibilitiesThink cannot get job
Job-market factorsPersonal factors
Other reasons1
Males
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job nowCurrent activity:
Going to schoolIll, disabled . '.Keeping houseRetiredOther
Want a job nowReason not looking:
School attendanceIll health, disabilityThink cannot get jobOther reasons
Females
Total not in labor force
Do.not want a job nowCurrent activity:
Going to schoolIll, disabledKeeping houseRetiredOther
Want a job nowReason not Iqoking:
School attendanceIll health, disabilityHome responsibilities . . . .Think cannot get jobOther reasons
Includes small number of men not looking for work because of "home responsibilities."
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
65 HOUSEHOLD DATAQUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-52. Job desire of persons not in labor force and reasons for not seeking work by age, color, and sex[In thousands]
Reasons for not seeking workTot°'
III1974
49,815
46,517
2,7083,976
29,1566,8443,835
3,298
480523929469897
6,713
5,739
530943
2,941623701
974
173194264162181
50,606
46,788
2,7003,886
28,6317,2784,293
3,818
534487
1,015832950
7,022
5,914
686878
2,919625807
1,108
193202224337152
16-24
III1974
8,517
7,257
2,485145
2,525__
2,100
1,260
42368191212366
1,881
1,420
47438424_»482
461
149351128382
M8,650
7,212
2,385148
2,395__
2,284
1,433
45168226317371
2,090
1,537
60625393__514
553
1112012014894
Age inyears
25-59
20,907
19,181
2171,791
15,703178
1,292
1,726
55342721174434
2,743
2,299
57416
1,6389
180
444
251251466385
20,917
18,933
3001,789
15,180157
1,504
1,984
84301791373435
2,793
2,304
82421
1,55015238
489
2114810615955
60 and over
20,391
20,081
62,041
10,9276,664443
310
2113168495
2,090
2,024
„
49188161338
66
__
3451413
21,039
20,641
121,945
11,0577,121504
398
__12135140102
2,141
2,075
-_43297661256
66
„
34__302
Males
12,063
11,161
1,3132,150213
5,6071,879
902
252233__138279
1,989
1,692
28847322524384
297
6683__8959
12,724
11,675
1,3812,075182
5,9452,091
1,049
252249__286262
2,146
1,804
34746737513441
342
10884_>11139
Females
III1974
37,752
35,356
1,3951,826
28,9431,2371,956
2,396
228290929331618
4,724
4,047
242470
2,91999316
677'
10711126473122
III1975
37,882
35,113
1,3191,811
28,4491,3332,202
2,769
282238
1,015546688
4,876
4,110
339411
2,882112366
766
85118224226113
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now . . . .Current activity:
Going to schoolIll, disabledKeeping houseRetiredOther
Want a job nowReason not looking:
School attendance . .Ill health, disability .Home responsibilitiesThink cannot get jobOther reasons
NEGRO AND OTHER RACES
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job nowCurrent activity:
Going to school .Ill, disabled . . .Keeping house .RetiredOther
Want a job nowReason not looking:
School attendanceIll health, disability . . . . . .Home responsibilities . . . .Think cannot get jobOther reasons
1 Small number of men not looking for work because of "home responsibilities" are included in "other reasons."
A-53. Persons not in labor force who desire work but think they cannot get jobs, by age, color, sex,
detailed reasonand
[In thousands] 3 r d Q u a r t e r 1 9 7 5
Detailed reason for not seeking work
Age in years
60 andover
Negro andother races
TOTAL
Personal factors:Employers think too young or old .Lacks education or trainingOther personal handicap
Job-market factors:Could not find jobThinks no job available
Males
Personal factors:Employers think too young or old .Lacks education or trainingOther personal handicap
Job-market factors:Could not find job .Thinks no job available
Females
Personal factors:Employers think too young or old .Lacks education or trainingOther personal handicap
Job-market factors:Could not find jobThinks no job available
1166452
561376
591716
191113
574735
370263
3011
17059
154
8731
157
8328
10666
4018
6647
214223
238210
294
4537
193318
193173
652
16
4741
42
7
1927
2329
2813
1035339
343296
461516
11793
573823
226203
131213
21980
133
7420
13
14560
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
HOUSEHOLD DATAQUARTERLY AVERAGES
6 6
A-54. Most recent work experience of persons not in labor force and reason for leaving last job for thosewho worked during previous 12 months, by age, color, and sex
[Numbers in thousands]
Most recent work experience and
reason for leaving job
SI Si
Age in years
SI SI SI 197III
1975III
1974III
1975
Negro and
other races
Total, not in labor force .Never workedLast worked over 5 years ago . . . .Last worked 1 to 5 years ago . . . .Left job during previous 12 months
Percent distribution by reason .School, home responsibilitiesIII health, disabilityRetirement, old ageEconomic reasons
End of seasonal job . . . .Slack workEnd of temporary job . . .
All other reasons
Males, not in labor force .Never worked . . .Last worked over 5 years agoLast worked 1 to 5 years ago . . . .Left job during previous 12 months
Percent distribution by reason .School, home responsibilitiesIII health, disabilityRetirement, old ageEconomic reasons
End of seasonal job . . . .Slack workEnd of temporary job . . .
All other reasons
Females, not in labor forceNever workedLast worked over 5 years ago . . . .Last worked 1 to 5 years ago . . . .Left job during previous 12 months
Percent distribution by reason .School, home responsibilitiesIII health, disabilityRetirement, old ageEconomic reasons
End of seasonal job . . . .Slack workEnd of temporary job . . .
A-55. Work-seeking intentions of persons not in labor force and work history of those who intendto seek work within next 12 months by age, color, and sex[In thousands]
Work-seeking intentions and work history
III1974
III1975
Age in years
16-24
III1974
III1975
III1974
III1975
III1974
III1975
III19 74
III1975
Negro andother races
III1974
III1975
Total
Do not intend to seek workIntend to seek work in the next 12 months
Never worked
Last worked over 5 years ago
Last worked 1 to 5 years agoWorked during previous 12 months . . .
Males
Do not intend to seek work
Intend to seek work in the next 12 months
Never workedLast worked over 5 years agoLast worked 1 to 5 years ago
Worked during previous 12 months
Do not intend to seek work
Intend to seek work in the next 12 months
Never worked
Last worked over 5 years agoLast worked 1 to 5 years agoWorked during previous 12 months
48,889
7,640
1,071
928
1,526
4,115
11,676
2,377
374
99
352
1,552
37,213
5,263
69 7
829
1,174
2,563
49,459
8,169
1,352
1,042
1,815
3,960
12,258
2,612
549
97
435
1,530
37,202
5,556
802
945
1,3792,430
6,344
4,055
984
57
477
2,537
1,809
1,621
366
15
100
1,139
4,534
2,435
618
43
3761,398
6,382
4,358
1,248
37
665
2,410
1,872
1,850
529
188
1,134
4,509
2,508
719
37
4771,276
I
20,527
3,122
78
764
899
1,382
2,076
552
7
51
189
306
18,453
2,569
70
713
7081,076
20,368
3,341
92
927
961
1,358
2,263
521
20
66
150
286
18,107
2,818
72
861
812
1,073
22,017
463
9
106
151
197
7,790
204
34
63
108
14,227
259
9
74
89
22,710
470
11
78
189
192
8,121
241
32
98
111
14,588
229
11
46
91
81
43,500
6,315
840
805
1,231
3,441
10,092
1,971
298
65
278
1,331
33,408
4,344
542
74Q
9532,110
43,996
6,610
1,021
888
1,412
3,288
10,576
2,148
405
75
348
1,320
33,420
4,462
616
813
1,064
1,968
5,388
1,325
232
123
296
675
1,583
406
76
34
75
221
3,805
919
156
89
221
454
5,463
1,559
331
154
402
672
1,681
465
145
23
87
210
3,782
1,094
186
131
315
462
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
6 7 HOUSEHOLD DATAQUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-56. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population of Spanish origin and color, by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status III1974
III1975
III1974
III1975
Negro1
III1974
III1975
Spanish origin2
III1974
III1975
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor forcePercent of populationEmployment
AgricultureNonagricultural industries
UnemploymentUnemployment rate
Not in labor force
Males, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor forcePercent of populationEmployment
AgricultureNonagricultural industries
UnemploymentUnemployment rate
Not in labor force
Females, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor forcePercent of populationEmployment
AgricultureNonagricultural industries
UnemploymentUnemployment rate
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16-19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of populationEmployment
AgricultureNonagricultural industries
UnemploymentUnemployment rate
Not in labor force
148,922
92,39362.0
87,2773,81283,4655,1165.5
56,529
62,285
50,72281.4
49,0062,62146,3851,7163.4
11,562
70,545
31,76545.0
29,907589
29,3181,8595.9
38,780
16,093
9,90561.58,365
6037,7621,54115.6
6,187
151,640
93,98862.0
86,1783,86782,3117,8098.3
57,652
63,510
51,28380.7
48,0832,576
45,5073,200
6.212,228
71,831
32,78745.6
30,069625
29,4432,7198.3
39,044
16,298
9,91860.98,027
6677,3601,89119.1
6,381
131,640
81,82462.2
77,7613,44074,3204,063
5.049,816
55,612
45,54781.9
44,1512,376
41,7751,3963.1
10,065
62,284
27,51744.2
26,024533
25,4911,4935.4
34,767
13,745
8,76063.77,585
5327,0541,17413.4
4,985
133,764
83,15862.2
76,8773,523
73,3536,282
7.650,606
56,617
45,95781.2
43,3542,356
40,9982,603
5.710,661
63,271
28,41044.9
26,236566
25,6692,174
7.734,861
13,876
8,79263.47,287
6016,6861,50417.1
5,084
15,211
9,25660.9
8,285320
7,96697110.55,954
5,819
4,48977.1
4,195209
3,9862946.6
1,33.0
7,264
3,75351.7
3,41646
3,3703379.0
3,511
2,128
1,01447.767565
609339
33.51,113
15,588
9,34860.07,956292
7,6641,39214.96,239
5,972
4,58276.7
4,042189
3,85354011.81,391
7,451
3,79150.9
3,29948
3,251492
13.03,660
2,164
97645.161656
560360
36.91,189
6,506
4,07962.7
3,754277
3,4773258.0
2,427
2,690
2,33987.0
2,205212
1,9921345.7351
2,950
1,27143.11,176
371,139
967.5
1,679
866
46954.23742834695
20.2397
6,702
4,15362.0
3,664239
3,42549011.8
2,549
2,677
2,31086.3
2,098169
1,9292129.2366
3,104
1,36443.91,211
301,182
15311.21,741
921
48052.135440
314125
26.1442
1 Data relate to Negro workers only.2 Data on persons of Spanish origin are tabulated separately, without regard to race/color.
which means that they are also included in the data for white and Negro workers. According tothe 1970 Census, approximately 98 percent of their population is white.
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
HOUSEHOLD DATAQUARTERLY AVERAGES
6 8
A-57. Employment status of male Vietnam-Era veterans and nonveterans 20 to 34 years of age
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status
III1974
III1975
Seasonally adjusted
1973
I I I
1974
I I I
19J5
VETERANS1
Total, 20 to 34 years:
Civilian noninstitutional population2 . .Civilian labor force
EmployedUnemployedUnemployment rate
20 to 24 years
Civilian noninstitutional population2 .Civilian labor force
EmployedUnemployedUnemployment rate
25 to 29 years
Civilian noninstitutional population2 .Civilian labor force
EmployedUnemployedUnemployment rate
30 to 34 years
Civilian noninstitutional population2 .Civilian labor force
EmployedUnemployed
Unemployment rate
NONVETERANS
Total, 20 to 34 years:
Civilian noninstitutional population3 .Civilian labor force
EmployedUnemployedUnemployment rate
20 to 24 years
Civilian noninstitutional population2 .Civilian labor force
EmployedUnemployedUnemployment rate
25 to 29 years
Civilian noninstitutional population3 .Civilian labor force
EmployedUnemployedUnemployment rate
30 to 34 years
Civilian noninstitutional population2 .Civilian labor force
EmployedUnemployedUnemployment rate
6,2045,8905,617
2734.6
1,3471,2121,089
12310.1
3,4483,3003,177
1233.7
1,4091,3771,350
272.0
15,10213,95613,200
7565.4
7,1216,3165,830
4867.7
4,1223,9143,764
1503.8
3,8603,7263,606
1203.2
6,4886,1065,594
5128.4
1,1461,009
839170
16.8
3,4713,2883,034
2547.7
1,8711,8091,721
884.9
16,00614,66813,2811,387
9.5
7,6396,6965,817
87913.1
4,4934,2493,926
3237.6
3,8743,7233,538
1855.0
5,7565,3955,125
2705.0
1,6271,4611,334
1278.7
3,0692,9062,790
1164.0
1,0601,0281,001
272.6
14,48813,02012,392
6284.8
6,7215,5985,226
3726.6
4,1343,9143,737
1774.5
3,6333,5083,429
792.3
5,8665,5215,288
2334.2
1,5471,3891,280
1097.8
3,1733,0152,920
953.2
1,1461,1171,088
292.6
14,71413,32512,709
6164.6
6,8675,8375,459
3786.5
4,1723,9383,778
1604.1
3,6743,5503,472
782.2
5,9995,7115,425
2865.0
1,4541,3271,198
1299.7c
3,3353,1933,068
1253.9
1,2111,1911,159
322.7
14,68713,34212,633
7095.3
6,8765,8965,452
4447.5
4,0383,8273,667
1604.2
3,7743,6193,514
1052.9
6,1095,7705,483
2875.0
1,3961,2441,122
1229.8
3,4113,2523,120
1324.1
1,3021,2741,241
332.6
14,87813,49112,750
7415.5
7,0035,9895,534
4557.6
4,0593,8393,664
1754.6
3,8173,6633,552
1113.0
6,2045,8455,548
2975.1
1,3471,2051,071
13411.1
3,4483,2703,142
1283.9
1,4091,3701,335
352.6
15,10213,64712,848
7995.9
7,1216,0165,517
4998.3
4,1223,8983,733
1654.2
3,8603,7333,598
1353.6
6,3115,9675,581
3866.5
1,3061,1671,009
15813.5
3,4883,3293,145
1845.5
1,5161,4711,427
443.0
15,30113,92112,8831,038
7.5
7,2426,1965,592
6049.7
4,1833,9793,710
2696.8
3,8773,7463,581
1654 .4
6,3735,9655,433
5328.9
1,2391,065
871194
18.2
3,5053,3203,072
2487.5
1,6291,5811,490
915.8
15,54414,01212,6741,338
9.5
7,4006,3055,486
81813.0
4,2624,0323,706
3278.1
3,8823,6753,482
1935.3
6,4236,0405,456
5859.7
1,1871,039
817222
21.4
3,4863,2933,046
2477.5
1,7501,7081,592
1166.8
15,76714,22412,7521,472
10.4
7,5266,3715,476
89514.0
4,3684,1353,792
3438.3
3,8743,7183,483
2346.3
6,4886,0895,526
5639.2
1,1461,010
825185
18.3
3,4713,2633,000
2638.0
1,8711,8161,701
1156.3
16,00614,39112,9241,467
10.2
7,6396,4045,502
90214.1
4,4934,2473,892
3558.4
3,8743,7393,530
2106.3
1 Vietnam-era veterans are those who served after August 4,1964.2 Since seasonal variations are not present in the population figures, identical numbers
appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
= corrected.
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
6 9 HOUSEHOLD DATAQUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-58. Employment status of male Vietnam-Era veterans and nonveterans 20 to 34 years by age and color[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status
Total, 20 to 34 years:
Civilian noninstitutional populationCivilian labor force
20 to 24 years
Civilian noninstitutional populationCivilian labor force
EmployedUnemployedUnemployment rate
25 to 29 years
Civilian noninstitutional population . . .Civilian labor force
EmployedUnemployedUnemployment rate
30 to 34 yean
Civilian noninstitutional population . . .Civilian labor force
EmployedUnemployedUnemployment rate
Veterans1
III1974
5,612
5,3535,138
215
4.0
1,181
1,071
98190
8.4
3,144
3,0222,916
1053 . 5
1,287
1,2601,241
191.5
White
II
1975
5,791
5,456
4,970
486
8.9
1,038
919
744175
19.0
3,1662,9912,773
2187 . 3
1,587
1,5461,453
936.0
III1975
5,844
5,527
5,095
432
7.8
1,003
900
756144
16.0
3,148
2,9852,766
2197.3
1,693
1,6421,573
694.2
Negro and other races
III
1974
591
537
479
58
10.8
. 166
141
10833
23.2
304279261
186 . 3
1 2 1117
1098
6.6
II
1975
632
565478
87
15.4
149
116
7838
32.8
320
294
26133
11.2
163
15513916
10.3
III
1975
644579
499
80
13.8
143
109
8326
23.9
323
303268
35
11.6
178167148
1911.4
Nonveterans
III
1974
12,96611,826
11,241
585
4.9
6,120
5,277
4,9083697.0
3,546
3,3633,229
1354 . 0
3,301
3,1863,105
812.6
White
II1975
13,722
12,478
11,296
1,182
9.5
6,579
5,6404,901
73913.1
3,8063,6183,344
2747.6
3,337
3,2203,051
1695.2
III1975
13,93012,859
11,790
1,069
8.3
6,668
5,907
5,220687
11.6
3,9133,7223,472
2506 . 7
3,349
3,2303,098
1324 . 1
Negro and other races
III1974
1,984
1,7521,594
158
9.0
899
754647107
14.1
539484460
245 . 0
546
51348627
5.3
II1975
2,045
1,7361,452
284
16.4
947
745
576169
22.7
561502440
6212.4
537
489436
5310.8
III1975
2,0761,8091,491
318
17.6
971
789597
19224.3
580527
45473
13.9
525
493440
53
10.8
See footnote 1, table A-57.
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
HOUSEHOLD DATAQUARTERLY AVERAGES
7 0
A-59. Employment status of the population in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas, by sex, age, and color
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status
Metropolitan areas
Total
III1974
III1975
Central cities
III1974
III1975
III1974
III1975
Nonmetropolitan areas
III1974
III1975
III1974
III1975
Nonfarm
III1974
III1975
Total
Civilian noninstitutional populationCivilian labor force
Percent of populat ion . . . .
EmployedUnemployed
Unemployment rateNot in labor force
Males, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population . . . .
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Females, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional populationCivilian labor force
Percent of population . . . .
EmployedUnemployed
Unemployment rateNot in labor force
Both sexes, 16-19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population . .Civilian labor force
Percent of populationEmployed
UnemployedUnemployment rate
Not in labor force
White
Civilian noninstitutional populationCivilian labor force
Percent of population . . . .
EmployedUnemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Negro and other races
Civilian noninstitutional population . .
Civilian labor forcePercent of population
Employed
Unemployed' Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
101,93163,883
62.760,2523,631
5.738,048
42,55435,014
82.333,762
1,2523.6
7,540
48,44222,214
45.920,909
1,3055.9
26,227
10,9356,65460.9
5,5811,07316.1
4,281
88,65255,738
6252,9042,834
5.132,914
13,2798,145
61.
103,42864,877
62.759,2585,620
8.738,551
43,19835,269
81.632,865
2,4046.8
7,929
49,24322,952
46.621,0771,875
8.226,291
10,9876,65760.6
5,3161,34120.1
4,330
89,63356,472
63.052,0594,413
7.833,160
7,3487979.8
5,134
13,7958,40560.9
7,1981,20714.4
5,390
44,91127,383
61.025,6441,739
6.417,529
18,43914,609
79.213,976
6334.3
3,829
21,96010,199
46.49,583
6166.0
11,761
4,5142,57457.0
2,084490
19.01,939
35,07921,443
61.120,3041,139
5.313,636
9,8325,93960.4
5,340600
10.13,893
45,05527,393
60.824,7612,633
9.617,662
18,45114,527
78.713,3811,147
7.93,924
22,07210,348
46.99,470
8798.5
11,724
4,5322,51955.6
1,910607
24.12,014
34,78121,273
61.219,5181,755
8.213,508
10,2736,12159.6
5,242879
14.44,153
57,02036,500
64.034,608
1,8925.2
20,519
24,11520,405
84.619,786
6193.0
3,711
26,48212,015
45.411,326
6895.7
14,466
6,4214,08063.5
3,497583
14.32,342
53,57334,295
64.032,600
1,6954.9
19,278
3,4472,20664.0
2,0081978.9
1,241
58,37337,484
64.234,497
2,9878.0
20,889
24,74720,742
83.819,4841,257
6.14,005
27,17112,604
46.411,607
9967.9
14,567
6,4554,13864.1
3,406734
17.72,316
54,85235,199
64.232,5412,658
7.619,652
3,5222,284
64.81,956
32814.4
1,237
46,99128,510
60.727,0251,485
5.218,482
19,73015,708
79.615,244
4643.0
4,023
22,1039,55143.2
8,9985535.8
12,552
5,1583,251
63.02,784
46814.4
1,907
42,98826,086
60.724,8561,229
4.716,902
4,0032,42460.5
2,169255
10.51,580
48,21229,110
60.426,9212,189
7.519,102
20,31216,014
78.815,218
7955.0
4,298
22,5889,83643.5
8,9928448.6
12,753
5,3123,261
61.42,711
55016.9
2,051
44,13126,686
60.524,8171,869
7.017,445
4,0812,42459.4
2,104321
13.21,656
5,4583,549
65.03,476
732.0
1,909
2,4282,11287.0
2,09121
1.0316
2,311944
40.992024
2.51,367
719493
68.546528
5.7226
5,0453,267
64.83,213
541.7
1,778
413282
68.2263
186.6131
5,1393,277
63.83,184
932.8
1,862
2,3271,99585.7
1,97124
1.2332
2,165846
39.180937
4.31,320
647436
67.540433
7.5210
4,7843,069
64.12,986
822.7
1,715
355209
58.719811
5.2147
41,53324,961
60.123,5491,412
5.716,573
17,30213,596
78.613,153
4433.3
3,707
19,7928,60743.5
8,0785296.1
11,185
4,4392,75862.1
2,319440
16.01,681
37,94322,819
60.121,6431,175
5.115,124
3,5902,14259.7
1,906237
11.11,449
43,07325,833
60.023,7372,096
8.117,240
17,98514,019
77.913,247
1115.5
3,966
20,4238,99044.0
8,1838079.0
11,433
4,6652,82560.6
2,307517
18.31,841
39,34723,617
60.021,8311,787
7.615,730
3,7262,21559.4
1,906310
14.01,509
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
71 HOUSEHOLD DATAQUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-60. Employment status of the population in poverty and nonpoverty areas, by color
(Number in thousands)
Employment status
Total United States
Poverty
areas
III1974
III1975
Nonpovertyareas
III1974
III1975
Metropolitan areas
Povertyareas
Til1974
Til1975
Nonpovertyareas
Til1974
III1975
Nonmetropolitan areas
Povertyareas
III1974
III1975
Nonpovertyareas
III1974
III1975
Total
Civilian noninstitutionalpopulation
Civilian labor forcePercent of population . .
EmployedUnemployed
Unemployment rateNot in labor force
White
Civilian noninstitutionalpopulation
Civilian labor forcePercent of population . . ,
Employed ,Unemployed
Unemployment rateNot in labor force
Negro and other races
Civilian noninstitutionalpopulation
Civilian labor forcePercent of population . .
EmployedUnemployed
Unemployment rateNot in labor force ,
28,60116,030
56.014,840
1,1917.4
12,571
20,07311,326
56.410,700
6265.5
8,747
8,5284,704
55.24,139
56512.0
3,824 |
29,00916,040
55.314,372
1,66810.4
12,969
20,48111,486
56.110,560
9268.1
8,995
8,5284,554
53.43,812
74216.3
3,974
120,32176,363
63.572,4383,925
5.143,958
111,56770,498
63.267,0613,438
4.941,069
8,7545,86567.0
5,3774878.3
2,889
I122,63177,947
63.671,8076,141
7.944,683
113,28371,672
63.366,3175,355
7.541,611
9,3486,27567.1
5,490786
12.53,072
11,8086,415
54.35,775
64010.0
5,393
6,0813,349
55.13,090
2597.7
2,732
5,7273,066
53.52,684
38112.4
2,661
11,7156,22653.2
5,364862
13.85,488
6,0223,271
54.32,933
33910.4
2,750
5,6932,955
51.92,432
52417.7
2,738
90,12357,468
63.854,4782,991
5.232,655
82,57252,389
63.449,8142,475
4.930,182
7,5525,07967.3
4,6634168.2
2,473
91,71358,651
64.053,8944,758
8.133,062
83,61153,201
63.649,1274,074
7.730,410
8,1025,45067.3
4,767683
12.52,652
16,7949,615
57.39,065
5505.7
7,178
13,9937,977
57.07,610
3674.6
6,015
2,8011,638
58.51,455
18311.2
1,163
17,2959,814
56.79,008
8068.2
7,481
14,4608,215
56.87,627
5887.2
6,245
2,8351,59956.4
1,380218
13.61,236
30,19818,894
62.617,960
9344.9
11,303
28,99518,109
62.517,246
8634.8
10,887
1,202786
65.371472
9.2417
30,91719,296
62.417,913
1,3837.2
11,621
29,67218,471
62.317,1901,281
6.911,201
1,246826
66.3723102
12.4420
A-61. Unemployment rates for selected labor force groups in poverty and nonpoverty areas, by sex, age, and color
Sex, age, and color
Total
Both sexes, 16 years and over . . . .Males, 20 years and overFemales, 20 years and over . . . .Both sexes, 16-19 years
White
Both sexes, 16 years and over . . . .Males, 20 years and overFemales, 20 years and over . . . .Both sexes, 16-19 years
Negro and other races
Both sexes, 16 years and over . . . .Males, 2 0 years and overFemales, 20 years and over . . . .Both sexes, 16-19 years
Total United States
Povertyareas
III1974
7.44.67.4
21.9
5.53.46.1
15.4
12.07.89.9
34.1
III1975
10.47.99.8
25.2
8.16.38.0
18.5
16.312.913.538.8
Nonpovertyareas
III1974
5.13.15.5
14.2
4.93.05.3
13.1
8.34.97.6
29.6
III1975
7.95.98.0
17.8
7.55.67.6
16.9
12.510.011.730.0
Metropolitan areas
Povertyareas
III1974
10.07.09.0
27.1
7.75.58.1
18.4
12.48.99.9
35.6
III1975
13.811.811.033.9
10.49.28.2
25.2
17.715.313.641.4
Nonpovertyareas
III1974
5.23.25.5
14.8
4.93.15.3
13.5
8.24.97.2
31.3
III1975
8.16.37.8
18.7
7.75.97.4
17.5
12.510.311.231.5
Nonmetropolitan areas
Povertyareas
III1974
5.73.06.1
18.3
4.62.65.3
14.0
11.25,89.9
31.9
III1975
8.25.68.9
19.7
7.25.17.9
16.1
13.68.6
13.334.3
Nonpovertyareas
III1974
4.92.95.6
12.6
4.82.85.4
12.2
9.25.0
10.621.3
III1975
7.24.68.4
15.5
6.94.58.0
15.3
12.47.9
14.821.9,
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
73 ESTABLISHMENT DATAHISTORICAL EMPLOYMENT
B-1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division 1919 to date[In thousands]
p = preliminary. NOTE: Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning 1959. This inclusion has resulted in an
increase of 212,000 (0.4 percent) in the nonagricultural total for the March 1959 benchmark
month.
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
ESTABLISHMENT DATAEMPLOYMENT
74
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry
[In thousands]
SICCode Industry
All employees
g1974
Sept.1974
July1975 1975
Sept.1975?
Production workers 'Aug.1974
Sept.1974
July1975
Aug. Sept.1975P 1975P
10101102
11,1212
13131,2138
14142144
16161162
17171172173174176
TOTAL . . .
PRIVATE SECTOR
MINING
METAL MININGIron oresCopper ores . .
COALMININGBituminous coal and lignite mining
OIL AND GAS EXTRACTIONCrude petroleum and natural gas fieldsOil and gas field services
NONMETALLIC MINERALS, EXCEPT FUELSCrushed and broken stoneSand and gravel
CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION
19,24,25,32-3920-23,26-31
1919219251929
242412422421243243124322442441,2249
GENERAL BUILDING CONTRACTORS . . .
HEAVY CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTORSHighway and street constructionHeavy construction, nee
SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORSPlumbing, heating, air conditioningPainting, paper hanging, decoratingElectrical workMasonry, stonework, and plasteringRoofing and sheet metal work
M A N U F A C T U R I N G
DURABLE GOODS
NONDURABLE GOODS
DURABLE GOODS
ORDANCE AND ACCESSORIESAmmunition, except for smaJJ arms
Complete guided missilesAmmunition, exc. for small arms, nee
LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTSLogging camps and logging contractors .Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general . .Millwork, plywood and related products
MillworkVeneer and plywood
Wooden containersWooden boxes, shook, and crates . . .
Miscellaneous wood products
78,674
65,169
715
93.325.239-8
182.0178.7
313.9153.5160.4
125. 345.039.9
4,253
,306.8
896. 1415. 1481.0
2,049.9476.2160.2363. 7240.0137.2
20,310
11,968
8,342
177.7124.392.831.5
649.388.1
230.1196.3202.785.476.925. 121.0
103.3
79,171
65,144
713
95.224. 742. 3
182.4179.1
311.2150. 5160.7
123.844.839.0
4,160
1,267. 5
877.8403.3474. 5
2,014.8472.6152.9359.6232.6137.3
20,374
12,054
8, 320
179.9124. 1
92.831.3
631.385.2
223.3189.6196.282.574.624.920.4
101.7
76, 439
62,220
758
91.924.936. 1
203.8199.9
342.8164.6178.2
119.942. 137.2
3,605
1,076.4
771.1356.9414. 2
1,757.7414.6138.3317.9195.7124.6
18,007
10,425
7,582
172.0115.991.024.9
573.978.7
201. 1173.6184.680.668.522.017.787.5
76,903
62,759
765
91.423.935. 7
207. 1203.1
346.3165. 1181. 2
119.841.837.2
3,676
1,098. 4
783.7364.4419.3
1,794.0420. 4137.5315.9197.8128.0
18,442
10,591
7,851
168.1112.689.123.5
583.477.6
205.2176.4189.083.569.622.017.989.6
77,502
62,946
755
3,625
18,696
10,771
7,925
165.9110.1
582.978.4
202.6
(*)
22.0
(*)
53,849
543
73.120.630.6
155.7152.9
213.278.2
135.0
101.037.3
3,521
1,068. 2
769.9367.7402. 2
1,682.9373.9141.3293.4212.8112.8
14,823
8,675
6, 148
83.549.224.424.8
554.2
206.8176.4166.469.067.622.519.084.7
53,840
542
75.620. 233. 5
156.0153. 1
210.975.7
135.2
99. 537.0
3,441
1,039.5
751.4355.7395.7
1,649.6370.5134.2289.7206.2113.1
14,913
8,781
6,132
86.649.725.124.6
537.6
200.3170.2160.566.365.522. 118.383. 3
51,129
575
71.020.027. 2
173.7170. 3
235.685.4
150.2
94.934.2
2,904
854.9
647.0312.9334.1
1,402. 3313.8120.2248. 1169.6100.7
12, 744
7,301
5, 443
80.644. 125.418.7
479.3
178. 1154.0151.165.260.619.415.869.9
51,651
579
70.419.026.9
176. 2172.7
237.485.5
.151.9
94.834.0
2,979
880.0
660.7320. 2340.5
1,438.7320.2119.4246.0171.6104.0
13,173
7,468
5,705
77.241.424.017.4
488.4
182.0156.4154.967.761.619.315.871.8
51,874
571
2,932
13, 431
7,650
5,781
78.742.8
489.2
179.4
19.5
(*)
See footnotes at end of table.
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
75 ESTABLISHMENT DATAEMPLOYMENT
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry—Continued
Miscellaneous primary metal productsIron and steel forgings
FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTSMetal cansCutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Cutlery and hand tools, including saws . .Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electricSanitary ware and plumbers' brass goods .Heating equipment, except electric . . . . .
Fabricated structural metal productsFabricated structural steelMetal*doors, sash, and trimFabricated plate work (boiler shops) . . . .Sheet metal workArchitectural and miscellaneous metal work
ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICESElectric companies and systems
Gas companies and systemsCombination companies and systemsWater, steam, and sanitary systems
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE . . .WHOLESALE TRADE
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment . . .Drugs, chemicals, and allied productsDry goods and apparelGroceries and related productsElectrical goodsHardware; plumbing and heating equipment.. .
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
81 ESTABLISHMENT DATAEMPLOYMENT
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry—Continued[In thousands]
SICCode
91
92,93
92
93
GOVERNMENT . .
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT5
Executive
Department of Defense . .Postal ServiceOther agencies . .
Legislative
Judicial
STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT
State governmentState educationOther State government
Local governmentLocal education . .Other local government
A u g .1974
13, 505
2,7592, 713. 7
977.8701. 8
1,034. 136. 19.5
10,746
2,889. 31,067.31,822.0
7,856.23, 900. 03, 956.2
i
Sept.1974
14,027
2, 7282,680.8
962.9697. 0
1,020.937. 49.4
11,299
2,992.71, 204. 81,787.9
8, 305.84,605. 53,700. 3
\\\ employees
July1975
14, 219
2,8002,750. 7
972.4698. 1
1,080.238.710. 1
11,419
3,033.81, 148.11,885.7
8, 385.04, 112. 24,272.8
Aug.,.197V
14, 144
2,7752, 726.4
961. 2694. 3
1,070.938. 410. 3
11,369
3, 029.81, 127. 91,901.9
8,339.14,075.94,263.2
19?5*
14, 556
2,746
11,810
-
Production workers1
f9uf4
-
-
-
Sept.1974
-
-
-
July1975
—
-
-
Aug. n1975p
-
-
-
19?^
______
-
__
__
1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; to construction workers incontract construction; and to nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities;wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services.
2 Beginning January 1965, data relate to railroads with operating revenues of $5,000,000, ormore.
3 Data for nonsupervisory workers exclude messengers.
4 Data for nonoffice sales agents excluded from nonsupervisory count for all series in thisdivision.
5 Prepared by the U.S. Civil Service Commission, Data relate to civilian employment only andexclude Central Intelligence and National Security Agencies.
* Not available.
p=preliminary.
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
ESTABLISHMENT DATASEASONALLY ADJUSTED EMPLOYMENT
8 2
B-4. Indexes of employment on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division,
1919 to date, monthly data seasonally adjusted
[1967= 100]
Yearand
month
1919..
1920
1925.. .
19261927. . .
1928
1929
1930
1931. . .
19321933
19341935
1936
1937 .19381939
1940
1941
1942
1943.1944
1945'.
1946.1947
19481949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954.1955
1956
1957. . .19581959
I960
1961
19621963
1964
19651966. . . .
1967
19681969
19701971
19721973
1974
S e p t . . . .
Oct
Nov. . . .
Dec
1975:
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
J u n e . . . .
Ju ly . . . . .
Aug.P. . .
Sep t .P . .
Total
41.1
41.5
43.7
45.3
45.5
45.6
47.6
44.7
40.5
35.9
36.0
39.4
41.1
44.2
47.1
44.4 -
46.5
49.2
55.5
60.9
64.5
63.6
61.3
63.3
66.6
68.2
66.5
68 7
72.7
74.1
76.3
74.4
76.9
79.6
80.378.0
81.0
82.4
82.1
84.4
86.1
'88.6
92.3
97.1
100.0
103 2
107 0
107 7
108 1
111.9
116 8
119.1
119.7
119.6
119.0
118.0
117.4
116.6
116.1
116.1
116.2
115.9
116.4
117.0
117.2
Goods producing
Total
55.1
54.8
53.6
55.454.7
54.2
57.1
51.3
44.1
37.1
38.5
44.0
46.8
51.2
55.5
48.9
52.8
56.7
68.5
79.386.4
83.0
75.2
74.0
79.4
80.6
75.4
79.4
85.6
86.7
90.4
84.7
88.0
90.5
89.9
83.7
87.5
87.6
85.2
87.7
88.5
90.1
94.0
99.3
100.0
101.8
104 5
101.098.1
101.2
106.3
106.1
106.2
105.6
103.9
101.6
100.0
97.5
96.4
96.0
96.0
95.6
95.5
96.3
97.0
Mining
184.8
202.1
177.7
193.3
181.7
171.3
177.3
164.6
142.4
119.2
121.4
144.0
146.3
154.3
165.6
145.4
139.3
150.9
156.1
161.8
150.9
145.5
136.4
140.6
155.8
162.2
151.7
147.0
151.5
146.5
141.3
129.0
129.2
134.1
135.1122.5
119.4
116.2
109.6
106.0103.6
103.4
103.1102.3
100.0
98.9
101.0
101.6
99.3
102.0
105.1
113.2
115.5
118.8
117.8
111.9
117.9
118.1
118.9
119.4
120.4
120.9
121.2
122.5
122.2
Contractconstruc-
tion
31.8
26.4
45.1
48.5
50.1
50.1
46.7
42.8
37.8
30.2
25.2
26.9
28.4
35.7
34.7
32.9
35.8
40.3
55.8
67.6
48.8
34.1
35.3
51.8
61.8
67.6
67.5
72.7
81.1
82.1
81.8
81.4
87.3
93.5
91.186.6
92.3
89.9
87.8
90.592.4
95.1
99.3102.1
100.0
103.1
109.9
110.2113.4
119.4
125.2
123.3
121.6
120.7
119.3
117.5
116.9
112.0
108.1
107.3
107.2
105.7
105.8
106.1
106.0
Manufacturing
54.8
54.8
51.1
52.2
51.4
51.1
55.0
49.2
42,0
35.6
38.0
43.7
46.6
50.5
55.5
48.5
52.9
56.5
67.8
78.6
90.5
89.1
'79.8
75.6
79.9
80.1
74.3
78.4
84.3
85.5
90.2
83.9
86.8
88.7
88.382.0
85.7
86.4
84.0
86.7
87.4
88.8
92.9
98.8
100.0
101.7
103.7
99.5
95.5
98.2
103.2
103.1
103.4
102.7
101.0
98.7
96.7
94.5
93.7
93.4
93.4
93.1
93.0
93.8
94.8
Total
33.
34.
38.
39.40.
40.
42.
41.
38.
35.
34.
3 6 .
38.
40.
42.
41 .
4 3 .4 5 .
4 8 .
5 0 .
5 2 .
5 3 .
5 3 .
5 7 .
59
6 1 .
6 1 .
62 .
65
67
68
68
70
737574
77
79
80
82
84
87
9195
100
103108
111
113
117
122
126
127
127
127
127
126
127
126
127
127
127
127
128
128
5
3
3
7
5
8
4
0
5-
27q
0
3
5
8
1
n
4q
5
0
8
4
6
4
6
8
6
3
6
8
9
61
9
4
5
4
6
8
.8
49
.0
.9
.3
.3
.6
.8
5
1
.1
3
.2
0
.9
.1
.9
.1
.2
.1
.9
.3
.3
Transportationand
publicutilities
87.1
93.8
89.8
92.5
91.4
89.8
91.9
86 5
76.4
66.1
62.7
64.5
65.4
69.8
73.6
67.2
68.9
71.3
76.8
81.2
85.6
89.9
91.7
95.397.8
98.3
93.9
94.7
99.2
99.7
100.7
95.8
97.2
99.699.5
93.3
94.1.
94.0
91.6
91.791.6
92.7
94.7
97.4
100.0
101.2
104.1
105.7104.6
106.0
109.0
110.2
109.9
110.0
109.9
109.3
108.0
107.1
105.7
105.8
105.4
104.9
104.8
104.8
104.5
Serv
Wholesale and retail
Total
33.2
32.8
41.0
42.5
43.4
43.2
45.0
42.6
38.8
34.4
34.9
38.8
39.9
42.7
46.0
45.4
47.2
49.6
53.0
52.3
51.3
51.9
53.8
61.6
65.8
68.1
68.1
69.0
71.6
73.5
75.375.2
77.4
79.880.079.0
81.8
83.7
83.3
85.0
86.689.4
93.5
97.3100.0
103.6
108.1
110.5
112.8
117.4
122.5
125.1
126.0
126.1
125.4
124.5
124.2
124.1
123.8
123.8
123.9
124.0
124.8
125.1
125.1
Wholesaletrade
_
-
47.8
49.8
53.151.7
49.4
50.0
52.8
62.1
67.0
70.6
7C.6
71.4
73.9
76.2
11A
11.1
79.3
81.882.180.8
83.685.2
84.9
86.7
88.190.5
94.0
97.5
100.0
102.4
105.9
108.3
108.5
111.9
116.5
119.8
120.3
120.5
120.2
119.8
119.3
118.8
118.5
118.5
118.4
117.8
118.0
118.1
118.5
ce producing
trade
Retail
trade
-
-
-
_
-
47.0
49.6
53.0
52.5
52.0
52.5
54.1
61.4
65.4
67.367.2
68.1
70.8
72.6
74.6
74.4
76.8
79.179.378.4
81.2
83.2
82.8
84.4
86.189.0
93.3
97.3100.0
104.0
108.8
111.3
114.4
119.4
124.7
126.9
128.0
128.0
127.2
126.1
126.0
125.9
125.7
125.7
125.8
126.2
127.2
127.5
127.4
Finance,insurance,and realestate
34.
36.
38.
40.42.
44.
46.
45.
43.
41 .
40.
4 0 .
41.
43.
44.
44.
4 5 .
4 6 .
4 8 .
4 7 .
46
4 5 .
46
52
54
56
57
59
61
64
66
6972
7576
78
8082
84
86
89
91
9396
100
104
110
114
117
122
126
130
131
131
131
131
130
130
130
130
130
130
130
130
131
4
4
2
s4
5
8
7
66?
q
4
0
4
?
3
6
0
7
6
8
4
6
47
6
5
7
2
5
3
4
38
1.4
.8
.7
. 8
.2
.7
.7
. 1
. 0
.8
.4
. 3
.9
. 3
. Q
,«>
.0
.1
.0
.1
.8
.5
.4
.5
.5
.3
.3
.7
.1
Services
22.4
23.4
28.4
30.2
31.4
32.3
34.1
33.4
31.5
29.0
28.4
30.3
31.1
32.9
34.8
34.4
34.8
36.4
38.8
40.4
41.1
41.2
42.0
46.7
50.0
51.5
52.1
53.3
55.2
56.7
58.1
59.4
62.1
64.7
66.867.4
70.6
73.5
75.9
79.5
82.486.2
' 90.0
94.6100.0
105.2
111.2
115.1
117.9
122.7
128.9
134.8
136.3
136.6
136.9
137.0
137.2
137.3
137.3
137.4
137.5
137.4
138.5
139.1
139.5
Total
23.
22.
24.
25.25.
26.
26.
27.
28.
28.
27.
2 8 .
5
8
6
n6
3
9
6
6
3
8q
30.5
32.2
33.0
34.1
3 5 .
36 .
4 0 .
4 8 .
5 3 .
5 3 .5 2 .
4 9 .
4 8 .
4 9 .
5 1 .
5 2 .
56
58
5 8 .
59
60
636668
70
73
75
78
80
84
88
94
100
103
107110
113
117
120
124
125
125
126
126
1
q
q
i
0
1
l
0
6
4
9
1
0
32
7
888
9
3
4
0
92
4
.7
. 0
.9
. 1
. 2
. 1
.0
.5
,4
.5
q
.3
.5
126.9
128.0
128.3
128.9
129.2
128.9
130.0
130.6
130.2
Government
Federal
19.
39.
20.
20.
20.
2 4 .
6
6
6
8
0
27.7
30.4
30.6
30.5
3 3 .3 6 .
4 9 .
8 1 .
106.
107.
103.
8 2 .
69'.
6 8 .
7 0 .
7 0 .
8 4 .
8 9 .
8 4 .
8 0 .
8 0 .
8 1 .81
80
8 2 .
83
83
86
86
. 8687
94100
100
101
100
99
98
97
100
101
101
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
101
101
101
3
6
3
48
7
3
9
6
5
2
9
7
0
8
5
4
256
1
5
81
74
5
30
.7
.4
.4
.2
.7
.9
,?
.0
0
.8
.7
.6
.5
.5
.4
.5
.7
.0
.4
.7
Stateandlocal
_
_
29.2
30.2
31.2
30.7
30.0
30.5
31.4
32.7
33.7
35.2
35.6
36.9
38.3
37.7
36.6
35.936.1
38.5
41.3
43.6
45.5
hi .2
47.1
48.3
50.0
52.6
54.5
58.462.265.1
67.4
70.1
72.8
75.5
79.183.5
88.7
94.8100.0
105.0
108*8
113.3
117.4
122.8
127.6
132.0
133.1
133.7
134.3
134.6
135.2
136.7
136.9
137.8
138.2
137.7
139.1
139.8
139.1
p = preliminary.NOTE: Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning 1959. This inclusion has resulted in an
increase of 212,000 (0.4 percent) in the nonagricultrual total for the March 1959 benchmark• month.
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
B-5. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division and major manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted[In thousands]
Industry division and group1974
Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
1975
Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug.P Sept.
TOTAL
GOODS-PRODUCING
MINING
CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION
MANUFACTURING
DURABLE GOODS
Ordnance and accessoriesLumber and wood productsFurniture and fixturesStone, clay, and glass productsPrimary metal industriesFabricated metal productsMachinery, except electricalElectrical equipment and suppliesTransportation equipmentInstruments and related productsMiscellaneous manufacturing
NONDURABLE GOODSFood and kindred productsTobacco manufacturesTextile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and plastics products, nee
Leather and leather products
SERVICE-PRODUCING
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLICUTILITIES
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE . .
WHOLESALE TRADERETAIL TRADE
FINANCE, INSURANCE, ANDREAL ESTATE
SERVICESHotels and other lodging places
Personal servicesMedical and other health servicesEducational services
GOVERNMENT
FEDERALSTATE AND LOCAL
78,830
24,714
708
3,902
20,104
11, 943178618518686
,352,506,242,023,850523447
78,790
24,572
728
3, 872
19,972
11,8701786005076783 53492
78,374
24, 186
722
3,826
19,638
11,656177579486667
1,3391,467
77,723
23,646
686
3, 770
19,190
11,357176569474655
1,308
77,319
23,270
723
3,749
18,798
11
257009836521439
425
8, 1611, 707
80989
1,339706
1, 1161,067
198684275
54, 116
4,683
17, 143
4,23912,904
4,224
13,767958857
3,9971, 182
14,299
2,74611,553
8, 1021,704
79964
1,327694
1, 1141,067
199683271
54,218
17
12
686
154
246908
4,228
L3,797963854
4, 0241, 192
14,3 53
11745608
2,2441, 9511, 802
51542 9
7,9821, 693
7793 9
1,298685
1, 1071, 059
200654270
54, 188
4,683
17,058
4,23712,821
4,226
13,822968848
4,0511, 197
14,399
2,74211,657
2,214888722511415
09917755145463 5284374183850674506411
76,804
22,691
724
3, 592
18,375
10, 813177537441620
1,2481,3572, 1531,785
594497404
1,
7,8331, 684
78908
1,246674
1, 1041,045
1986322 64
54,077
4, 659
16, 935
4,22412,711
4,229
13,833963846
4, 0731, 199
14,421
2, 73811,683
7, 6991,668
80870
1,218663
1, 1011,034
194614257
54, 049
4, 603
16,903
4,20512,698
4,219
13,857972842
4, 1011, 188
14,467
2, 73411,733
7,5621, 662
79849
1, 188647
1, 0941, 024
191579249
54, 113
4, 565
16,879
4, 18912,690
4,210
13,865977837
4, 1161,207
14,594
2,73311,861
76,468
22,422
72 9
3,467
18,226
10,72817753 9434610
1,2181,3362, 1281,7731, 624
490399
7,4981, 659
77845
1, 18063 6
1,0891, 009
194564245
54, 046
4, 506
16,851
4, 17812,673
4,207
13,864974834
4, 13 11,210
76,462
22,328
732
3,441
18,155
10,637176536436608
1, 1891,3322,0981,7461,631
488397
7,5181,664
75865
1, 191629
1, 0841,003
193568246
54,134
4,508
16,847
4, 17612,671
4,209
13,878969834
4, 1501,211
14,618 14,692
2, 73311,885
2,73111,961
76,510
22,339
73 8
3,43 9
18, 162
10,59517754643 9609
1, 1681,3242,0641,73 51, 653
481399
7,5671, 670
75885
1,205631
1,0791, 004
195574249
54, 171
4,491
16,857
4, 17512, 682
4,208
13,88997083 6
4, 1641,211
14,726
2,73211,994
76,343
22,233
741
3,392
18,100
10,527173552437605
1, 1491,3172, 0351,7231, 657
4813 98
7, 5731, 671
75891
1,215627
1,0731, 000
197572252
54,110
4,469
16,877
4, 15312, 724
4,202
13,871962831
4, 1751,2 04
14, 691
2,73811, 953
76,679
22,222
743
3,395
18, 084
10,465172557441604
1, 1341,2982, 0171,7121, 645
482403
7,6191,668
79897
1,245633
1, 068999199575256
54,457
4,464
16,984
4, 16112,823
4,203
13,99097 683 5
4, 1971,215
14,816
2,74512,071
77,029 77
22,401
751
,211
22,579
749
3,404
18,246
10,559167563450608
1, 1471,3352, 0131, 7461, 645
479406
7, 6871, 678
79917
1,248640
1, 0731, 008
2 00587257
54,628
4,464
17,016
4, 16412,852
4,215
14, 044983833
4,2131,210
14,889
2,75612,133
3,401
18,429
10,661164570465612
1, 1671,3382, 0371,763
649485411
7,7681, 691
8093 7
1,267652
1, 0771,004
201596263
54,632
4,452
17, 026
4, 17812,848
4,228
14,085
14, 841
2,76512,076
p = preliminary.
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
ESTABLISHMENT DATASEASONALLY ADJUSTED EMPLOYMENT
84
B-6. Production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls,by industry division and major manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted[In thousands]
Industry division and group1974
Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
1975
Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. *
TOTAL
GOODS-PRODUCING
MINING
CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION
MANUFACTURING
DURABLE GOODSOrdnance and accessoriesLumber and wood productsFurniture and fixturesStone, clay, and glass productsPrimary metal industriesFabricated metal productsMachinery, except electricalElectrical equipment and suppliesTransportation equipmentInstruments and related products . . .Miscellaneous manufacturing
NONDURABLE GOODSFood and kindred productsTobacco manufacturesTextile mill productsApparel and other textile products . .Paper and allied productsPrinting and publishingChemicals and allied productsPetroleum and coal productsRubber and plastics products, nee . . .Leather and leather products
SERVICE-PRODUCING
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLICUTILITIES
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE
WHOLESALE TRADERETAIL TRADE
FINANCE, INSURANCE, ANDREAL ESTATE
SERVICES
53,255
18,379
53 8
3, 189
14,652
8,67485
525424548
1,0821, 1491,5071,3651,315
324350
5,9781, 159
66863
1, 15554267262212653 823 5
34,876
4, 03 9
15, 183
3,53511,648
3,249
12,405
53, 135
18,227
552
3, 160
14,515
8,59985
508413540
1,0811, 1351,5181,3511,304
322342
5,9161, 159
66838
1, 140530669620127536231
34,926
4, 041
15,199
3,54011,659
3,247
12,439
52,687
17,869
549
3, 113
14,207
8,39884
486396531
1,0691, 1121,5001,2991,271
317333
5,8091, 148
64815
1, 11852266261312750923 1
34,818
4,03 5
15,096
3,53311,563
3,232
12,455
52,038
17,373
513
3, 058
13,802
8, 13385
476384519
1,0381,0751,4751,2451,206
312318
51,624
17,034
552
3,045
13,437
7,89884
459364501
1,0171,0271,4501,2131, 162
308313
66914065
789068512660596126488225
34,665
4, 011
14,959
3, 51811,441
3,232
12,463
53 912767
749044500656584120473219
34,590
3,956
14, 930
3,49911,431
3,225
12,479
51,005
16,487
550
2,886
13,051
7,63485
445354487979
1,0111,4221, 1561,087
3 003 08
5,4171, 123
66730
1,019485649576117441211
34,518
3,922
14,896
3,48011,416
3,217
12,483
50,663
16,230
553
2,762
12,915
7,56184
448347479950993
1,4001, 1431, 122
292303
5,3541, 119
64727
1, 008474644563122426207
50,585
16,161
553
2,745
12,863
7,48384
444349478923992
1,3721, 1231, 126
291301
34,433
3,869
14,863
3,46411,399
3,210
12,491
5,3801, 125
62745
1,020471639558121430209
34,424
50,629
16,194
560
2,747
12,887
7,45484
454354479905985
1,3391, 1131, 151
287303
5,4331, 131
62766
1,03347263 656212343 6212
50,536
16,122
561
2,712
12,849
7,40482
459351477889979
1,3171, 1061, 155
286303
5,4451, 133
62771
1,043469631560125436215
34,435 34,414
3,865 3,849
14,858
3,46111,397
3,206
12,495
14, 862
3,45811,404
3,209
12,515
3,831
14,896
3,44011,456
3,208
12,479
50,825
16,115
564
2,711
12,840
7,34881
463355477878960
1,3001,0971, 143
287307
5,4921, 131
65777
1, 07147462956012743 9219
34,710
3,827
15,081
3,44811,633
3,203
12,599
51, 100
16,292
568
2,723
13,001
7,44777
469364481892996
1,3011, 1311, 140
2 85311
5,5541, 135
66799
1,075479633567128452220
34,808
3, 821
15,116
3,45011,666
3,217
12,654
51,328
16,454
566
2,717
13, 171
7, 54377
478380484907
1, 0011,3181, 1461, 14 6
291315
5,6281, 147
66818
1,092489633568129460226
34,874
3, 811
15, 131
3,46311,668
3,228
12,704
1 For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2. p= preliminary.
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1 Combined with services.2 Combined with construction.3 Federal employment in the Maryland and Virginia sectors of the Washington Stand-
ard Metropolitan Statistical Area is included in data for the District of Columbia.4 Revised to 1975 benchmark; not strictly comparable with previously published data.5 Area included in Chicago-Gary, Indiana Standard Consolidated Statistical Area
(formerly designated as Chicago—Northwestern Indiana Standard Consolidated Area; no changein area definition).
6 Data do not include federal employment in the Maryland sector of the Washington,D.C. Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.
7 Area definition revised; data adjusted to 1974 benchmark. For details see p. 96.8 Revised to 1974 benchmark; not strictly comparable with previously published data.9 Subarea of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Burl-
ington, Camden, and Gloucester Counties, New Jersey.1 0 Subarea of New York-Northeastern New Jersey (formerly designated as a standard
consolidated area).1 1 Subarea of Rochester Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.1 2 Area included in New York and Nassau-Suffolk combined SMSA's.1 3 Subarea of New York Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.1 4 Subarea of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Bucks,
Chester, Delaware, Montgomery, and Philadelphia Counties, Pennsylvania.
l s Subarea of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Phil-
adelphia County.1 6 Subarea of Northeast Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Lacka-
wanna County.1 7 Subarea of Northeast Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Luzerne
County.1 8 Total includes data for industry divisions not shown separately. Services excludes
agriculture, forestry, and fisheries.1 9 Federal employment in the Virginia sector of the Washington Standard Metropolitan
Statistical Area is included in Virginia.2 0 Initial inclusion in this publication. For details see opposite page.2 1 Subarea of Washington, D.C. Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Alexandria,
Fairfax, and Falls Church cities, and Arlington, Fairfax, Loudour\and Prince William Counties,
Virginia.
* Not available.
p= preliminary.
SOURCE: Cooperating State agencies listed on inside back cover.
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
95 ESTABLISHMENT DATASTATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas, by industry division—Continued
A u
Transportation andpublic utilities
g-1974
4 .8 1 .
4 .1 4 .
2 .2 .
2 7 .2 2 .
8 .2 .
•
109.1.2 .4 .
17 .2 8 .1 8 .1 1 .
7 6 .4 1 .
8.6.
4 1 .9.8 .2 .3 .
8 4 .4 .5 .1.2 .5.
3 1 .2 .
12 .1.3 .
783194
31
519
60593831
5102
34759
72232370
892
July1975
5.8 0 .
4 .14 .
2 .2 .
2 7 .2 2 .
8 .2 .
•
105.1.2 .4 .
1 7 .2 7 .1 7 .10 .
7 3 .4 0 .
7 .6.
4 0 .9.8 .2 .3 .
7 9 .4 .5.1.1.5.
2 9 .1 .
12 .1.3 .
903583
96
108
50480564
0264
11638
62138249
390
Aug.1975P
5.7 9.
4 .14 .
2 .2 .
2 7 .2 2 .
8 .2 .
•
105.1.2 .4 .
16.2 7 .17 .10.
7 3 .4 0 .
7 .6.
4 0 .9.8 .2 .3 .
7 9.4 .5.1.1.5.
2 9.1.
12 .2 .3 .
673583
95
107
40488585
3460
11538
82139249
601
Wholesale and
A u g1974
10.4227.
2 1 .7 5 .12 .10.
104.7 7 .
3 2 .8.1.
363.4.9.
2 3 .59.7 9.6 2 .2 2 .
55586
28
849
56805250
280. 0128.
3 0 .2 5.
111.2 2 .18 .1 1 .1 3 .
383.2 1 .
809
02647
05
16.47.8.
28.134.
1 1 .
3 0 .5.4 .
69118
087
retai
July1975
10.235.
97
20.87 2 .12 .1 1 .
105.7 8 .
3 2 .8 .1.
365.4 .9.
2 2 .59.79.6 0 .2 1 .
280.133.
2 8 .2 7 .
113.2 2 .1 8 .1 1 .1 3 .
394.2 1 .16.
7.9.
29.136.
12 .
3 0 .5.4 .
472
33
449
69773602
7701
06778
09182250
957
1 trade
A u g1975*-
10.235.
2 1 .7 2 .12 .1 1 .
106.78.
3 2 .8.1.
367.4 .9.
2 2 .59.79.6 0 .2 1 .
282.134.
2 8 .2 7 .
113.2 2 .18 .1 1 .1 3 .
396.2 2 .16.7.9.
2 9.136.
1 1 .
3 1 .5.4 .
703463
99
84Q
59784606
1614
26778
814
95630
166
A u g1974
3 .59.
3 .2 1 .
3 .1.
2 0.17 .
6.
90.
2 .4 .
12 .2 3 .2 2 .
5.
66.39.
6.6.
18 .4 .3 .1.2 .
7 3 .4 .2 .
8.3 2 .
1.
4 .
Finance, insuranceand real estate
745028
61
5
19955342
5441
13476
22098757
592
July1975
4 .62.
3 .2 1 .
3 .2 .
2 1 .17 .
6.
86.1.3 .4 .
12 .2 2 .2 2 .
5.
6 7 .3 9.
6.5.
1 8 .4 .3 .1.2 .
7 4 .4 .2 .
.
9.3 2 .
1.
4 .1.1.
105030
05
7
30022544
4938
63476
02199237
904
Aug197f
4 .61.
3 .2 1 .
3 .1.
2 1 .17 .
6.
86.1.3 .4 .
12 .2 2 .2 2 .
5 .
6 7 .4 0 .
6.5.
1 8 .4 .3 .1.2 .
7 3 .4 .2 .
9.3 2 .
1.
5 .1.1.
>p
275039
07
8
30012634
7139
74476
92099227
005
Services
Aug.1974
9 . 4188.7
12. 351. 610.77. 0
73.250. 0
3 5. 08. 72. 1
292.73. 07 . 8
21.244. 575.444.816.9
214. 3100. 025. 121.2
79.215.712.67.6
11.0
287.616.210.86.46 .9
2 2 . 6111. 6
9.6
23. 03 . 64. 1
July197f
9.194.
1 3 .5 0 .1 0 .
7 .
7 5 .5 1 .
3 6 .8 .2 .
295.3 .8 .
2 2 .4 3 .7 7 .46.1 6 .
221.103.
2 1 .2 2 .
7 9 .1 5 .1 2 .
7 .1 1 .
302.1 7 .1 1 .
6.7 .
2 3 .117.
9.
2 1 .3 .3 .
878993
76
060
70496906
0867
58535
60261818
879
Aug.197 5P
9.3194.4
13.951. 011.07. 3
76. 051.7
36.28 . 72 . 0
296. 13. 18.4
22.943.677.846.116.3
222.7104.421.723.0
79.515.812. 57. 3
11. 5
303. 917. 011. 56.77. 1
24.0116. 9
9.8
22.23 . 84. 0
Aug.1974
1 5 .101.
14 .8 4 .
9.9.
105.79.
2 8 .
389.3 .7 .
3 4 .65.99.5 5 .1 3 .
253.100.
1 6 .2 8 .
103.16.1 4 .
7 ,6.
260.1 4 .
8 .5 .4 .
4 4 .7 0 .
7 .
3 0 .3 .6.
137189
14
0
26068430
6095
25477
74125496
563
Government
July1975
15.8117.4
14.686.310. 110. 3
106. 380.2
28.5_
-
408. 93.67. 3
33.869.1
101. 557. 512.8
259. 199.717.327.9
117. 117. 915.28. 17 . 0
273.414.4
8 . 75 . 35. 1
46. 974. 1
7 . 9
32.53 . 66 .9
Aug.1975P
15.8116. 9
14.485.8
9.810. 1
106. 080.0
28.4_
-
406.73.67. 3
33.670.4
101.057.712.8
259. 199.616.928. 0
104.217.315.07.76.6
270.714.48.65.24 . 9
46.873. 9
7 .9
31.93.76 .9
123456
78
91011
1213141516171819
2 02 1222 3
2 425262728
2930313233343 536
373839
Bristol, Va
Parkersburg-Marietta, W. VaBristol City, and Scott and Washington Counties, Va.Wirt and Wood Counties, W. Va; Washington County,
Ohio.
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
ESTABLISHMENT DATA 96STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
Redefined Areas
Boston, Mass Suffolk County; Cambridge, Everett, Maiden, Medford,Melrose, Newton, Somerville. Waltham, and Woburncities, and Acton, Arlington, Ashland, Bedford, Bel-mont, Boxborough, Burlington, Carlisle, Concord,Framingham, Holliston, Lexington, Lincoln, Natick,North Reading, Reading, Sherborn, Stoneham, Sud-bury, Wakefield, Watertown, Wayland, Weston, Wil-mington, and Winchester towns in Middlesex County;Beverly, Lynn, Peabody, and Salem cities, and Box-ford, Danvers, Hamilton, Lynnfield, Manchester,Marblehead, Middleton, Nahant, Saugus, Swampscott,Topsfield, and Wenham towns in Essex County; Quincycity, and Bellingham, Braintree, Brookline, Canton,Cohasset, Dedham, Dover, Foxborough, Franklin,Holbrook, Medfield, Medway, Millis, Milton, Needham,Norfolk, Norwood, Randolph, Sharon, Stoughton,Walpole, Wellesley, Westwood, Weymouth, andWrentham towns in Norfolk County; Abington, Dux-bury, Hanover, Hanson, Hingham, Hull, Kingston,Marshfield, Norwell, Pembroke, Rockland, and Scituatetowns in Plymouth County.
Brockton, Mass Easton town in Bristol County; Avon town in NorfolkCounty; Brockton city, and Bridgewater, East Bridge-water, Halifax, West Bridgewater, and Whitman townsin Plymouth County.
Fall River, Mass Fall River city, and Dighton, Somerset, Swansea, andWestport towns in Bristol County, Mass.; LittleCompton and Tiverton towns in Newport County, R.I.
Lawrence-Haverhill, Mass Lawrence and Haverhill cities, and Amesbury, Andover,Georgetown, Groveland, Merrimac, Methuen, NorthAndover, Salisbury, and West Newbury towns in EssexCounty, Mass.; Atkinson, Hampstead, Kingston, Newton,Plaistow, Salem, and Windham towns in RockinghamCounty, N.H.
Lowell, Mass Lowell city, and Billerica, Chelmsford, Dracut, Dunstable,Tweksbury, Tyngsborough, and Westford towns in Middle-sex County.
New Bedford, Mass New Bedford city, and Acushnet, Dartmouth, Fairhaven,and Freetown towns in Bristol County; Lakeville, Marion,Mattapoisett, and Rochester towns in Plymouth County.
Springfield-Chicopee-Holyoke, Mass Chicopee, Holyoke, Springfield, and Westfield cities, andAgawam, Brimfield, East Longmeadow, Granville, Hampden,Longmeadow, Ludlow, Monson, Montgomery, Palmer,Russell, Southwick, Wales, West Springfield, and Wilbra-ham towns in Hampden County; Northampton city, andAmherst, Belchertown, Chesterfield, Easthampton, Granby,Hadley, Hatfield, Pelham, South Hadley, Southampton,Westhampton, and Williamsburg towns in HampshireCounty; Warren town in Worcester County.
Worcester, Mass Worcester city, and Auburn, Berlin, Boylston, Brookfield,Charlton, Douglas, East Brookfield, Grafton, Holden,Leicester, Millbury, Northborough, Northbridge, NorthBrookfield, Oxford, Paxton, Rutland, Shrewsbury,Spencer, Sterling, Sutton, Upton, Uxbridge, Webster,Westborough, and West Boylston towns in WorcesterCounty.
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
97 ESTABLISHMENT DATAHISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-1. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 onprivate nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division, 1955 to date
Year andmonth
Average
Weekly I Weeklyearnings | hours
Hourlyearnings
Total private1
Weeklyearnings
Weeklyhours
Hourly W e e k t y T W e e k l yearnings earnings | hours
APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTSMen's and boys' suits and coatsMen's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear . . .Men's and boys' separate trousersMen's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwearWomen's and misses' blouses and waistsWomen's and misses' dressesWomen's and misses' suits and coats . . .Women's and misses' outerwear, nee . . .
Women's and children's undergarments . . .Women's and children's underwear . . . .Corsets and allied garments
Hats, caps, and millineryChildren's outerwear
Children's dresses and blousesFur goods and miscellaneous apparelMiscellaneous fabricated textile products . .
Housefurnishings
PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTSPaper and pulp millsPaperboard millsMiscellaneous converted paper products .
Bags, except textile bagsPaperboard containers and boxes
Folding and setup paperboard boxes .Corrugated and solid fiber boxesSanitary food containers
ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARYSERVICESElectric companies and systemsGas companies and systemsCombination companies and systems . . .Water, steam, and sanitary systems . . .
W H O L E S A L E A N D R E T A I L T R A D E
WHOLESALE TRADEMotor vehicles and automotive equipment • •Drugs, chemicals, and allied productsDry good? and apparelGroceries and related productsElectrical goodsHardware; plumbing and heating equipment •Machinery, equipment, and suppliesMiscellaneous wholesalers
RETAIL TRADERetail general merchandise
Department storesMail order housesVariety stores
Food storesGrocery, meat, and vegetable stores
Apparel and accessory storesMen's and boys' clothing and furnishings • •Women's ready-to-wear stores . . . . . .Family dothing storesShoe stores
Furniture and home furnishings storesFurniture and home furnishings
Eating and drinking places8
Other retail tradeBuilding materials and farm equipment . . .ivipior venicie oeeiersOther automotive and accessory dealers • •Drug stores and proprietary storesBook and stationery storesFuel and ice dealers
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REALESTATE'
BankingCredit agencies other than banks . . .
Savings and loan associationsSecurity, commodity brokers and servicesInsurance carriers
Life insuranceAccident and health insuranceFire, marine, and casualty insurance . . .
ELECTRIC, GAS. AND SANITARYSERVICESElectric companies and systemsGas companies and systems
Combination companies and systems . 4..Water, steam, and sanitary systems
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE ..
WHOLESALE TRADEMotor vehicles and automotive equipment . .
Drugs, chemicals, and allied productsDry goods and apparelGroceries and related productsElectrical goodsHardware; plumbing and heating equipmentMachinery, equipment, and suppliesMiscellaneous wholesalers
RETAIL TRADERetail general merchandise
Department storesMail order houses
Variety storesFood stores
Grocery, meat, and vegetable storesApparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings . .Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing storesShoe stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishingsEating and drinking places6
Other retail tradeBuilding materials and farm equ ipment . . . .
Motor vehicle dealersOther automotive and accessory dealers . . .Drug stores arid proprietary storesBook and stationery storesFuel and ice dealers
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REALESTATE?
Banking
Credit agencies other than banksSavings and loan associations
Security, commodity brokers and services . .Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Accident and health insuranceFire, marine, and casualty insurance
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
ESTABLISHMENT DATAHOURS AND EARNINGS
110
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workerson private nonagriculturai payrolls, by industry—Continued
sicCode
IndustryAverage weekly earnings
Aug.1974
Sept.1974
"July1975 197
Average hourly earnings
Aug.1974
Sept.1974
July1975
SERVICES .
721
722
781806
Hotels and other lodging places:Hotels, tourist courts, and motels6
Personal services:Laundries and dry cleaning plants
Photographic studiosMotion pictures'.
Motion picture filming and distributing . . .Hospitals
$129.00
86.51
101.39106.05
264.47121.80
$130.90
86.51
100.67101.47
259.89122.13
$138.23
89.65
106.96101.12
257.67132.55
$137. 89
90.42
106.91101.44
261.02132.17
$138.84 $3.75
2.59
2. 843.11
6.533.49
$3.85
2.67
2.863. 02
6.533.54
$4.03
2.75
3.033. 17
6.593.82
$4.02
2.74
3.023.17
6.713.83
$4. 12
1 For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2.2Beginning January 1965. data relate to railroads with operating revenues of $5,000,000 or
more.3 Data relate to employees in such occupations in the telephone industry as switchboard
operators; service assistants; operating room instructors; and pay-station attendants. In 1971,such employees made up 29 percent of the total number of nonsupervisory employees inestablishments reporting hours and earnings data.
4 Data relate to employees in such occupations in the telephone industry as central officecraft persons; installation and exchange repair craft persons; line, cable, and conduit craft persons;
and laborers. In 1971, such employees made up 34 percent of the total number of nonsupervisoryemployees in establishments reporting hours and earnings data.
5 Data relate to nonsupervisory employees except messengers.6 Money payments only; tips, not included.7 Data for nonoffice sales agents excluded from all series in this division.* Not available.
p=preliminary.
Average hourly earnings January-June 1975 (revised
SIC Code
372
3722
Jan.
$5.71
5.75
Feb
$5.755.84
to March 1974 benchm
1975
Mar.
$5.815.90
Apr
$5.855.90
arks)
May
$5.92
5.96
June
$5.996.03
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
111
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1
on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry—Continued
ESTABLISHMENT DATAHOURS AND EARNINGS
sicCode
IndustryAverage weekly hours
Aug.1974
Sept.1974
Aug.1975P
Average overtime hours
1974Sept.1974
July1975
Aug.1975P
Sept-1975 p
701
721722
781806
SERVICES .
Hotels and other lodging places:Hotels, tourist courts, and motels6
Personal services:Laundries and dry cleaning plantsPhotographic studios
Motion pictures:Motion picture filming and distributing . . .
Hospital* . . . . . . . .
34.4
33.4
35.734.1
40.534.9
34.0
32.4
35.233.6
39.834.5
34.3
32.6
35.331.9
39.134.7
34.3
33.0
35.432.0
38.934.6
33.7
t As noted on page 7 of the January 1972 issue of this magazine, the series does notinclude earned pay withheld as a consequence of delays caused by the wage freeze in effectbetween August 15 and November 14, 1971, and by administrative procedures of the PayBoard. These delays resulted from compliance with the Government's Economic StabilizationProgram. Because these withheld payments were substantial and fell due under a significantnumber of new labor-management contracts in that industry, they affected a large proportion
of SIC 372.The series shown below include these payments as well as an additional 17 cents delayed
payment for employees in a number of companies which had been pending as a consequenceof litigation.
These payments were due under labor-management contracts the last of which expiredin November 1973.
Average hourly earnings September 1971-November 1973 (revised to March 1974 benchmarks)
Year
197119721973
197119721973
197119721973
197119721973
Annualaverage
Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept Oct. No, Dec.
SIC 372
$4.364.745.02r
4.424.855.13
4.384.765.06
4.174.444.68r
$4.604.90
4.725.00
4.614.95
4.284.56
$4.604.91
4.685.04
4.644.95
4.334.53
$4.644.92
4.745.05
4.654.96
4.384.58
$4.704.92
4.835.03
4.66
4.404.60
$4.714.94
4.825.08
4.70
4.454.59r
$4.724.96
SIC 3721
4.83
SIC 3722
4.71
SIC 3723, {
4.464.64r
$4.714.98
4.79
4.77
4.454.68r
$4.795.05
4.89
4.82
4.474.71r
$4.424.805.06
4 514.90
4.384.83
4.244.504.74r
$4.464.835.12
4 564.94
4.434.85
4.244.504.78i
$4.514.875.15
4.634.99
4.484.87
4.244.544.84r
$4.624.93
4.735.04
4.645.01
4.334.56
r= Revised by 1974 benchmark adjustment
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
ESTABLISHMENT DATAHOURS AND EARNINGS
112
C-3. Employment, hours, and indexes of earnings in the Executive Branch of the Federal Government
[Employment in thousands-includes both supervisory and nonsupervisory employees]
NOTE: Averages presented in this table have been computed using data collected by theU.S. Civil Service Commission from all agencies of the executive branch of the Federal Govern-ment; the data cover both salaried workers and hourly paid wage-board employees. Since these
*= Not available.
averages relate to hours and earnings of all workers, both supervisory and nonsupervisory, theyare not comparable to similar data presented in table C-2 which relate only to production ornonsupervisory workers.
C-4. Average hourly earnings excluding overtime of production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by industry
Major industry groupAverage hourly earnings excluding overtime'
Aug. 1974 Sept. 1974 July 1975 Aug. 1975^ Sept. 1975P
MANUFACTURING
DURABLE GOODSOrdnance and accessoriesLumber and wood productsFurniture and fixturesStone, clay, and glass productsPrimary metal industriesFabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical equipment and supplies . . . .
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products . . . .Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
NONDURABLE GOODSFood and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products . . .
Paper and allied productsPrinting and publishing
• Chemicals and allied productsPetroleum and coal products
Rubber and plastics products, nee . . .Leather and leather products
$4.27
4.534.563.833.424.355.454.454.704.055.254.113.42
3.883.973.993.143.004.34(2)4.715.443.902.96
$4.34
4.624.633.873.484.405.514.534.794.135.394.143.45
3.934.003.963.163.044.39(2)
4.115.493.933.00
$4.65 $4.65
9808
4.153.674.715.934.895.174.525.784.473.72
4.214.334.513.223.124.80(2)5.236.254.273.13
5.005.104.183.674.726.094.935.214.51
.81
.485.4.3.70
4.204.344.213.233.114.82(2)5.266.354.233.12
$4.70
5.06
4.21
1 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half.2 Not available as average overtime rates are significantly above time and one-half. Inclusion of
data for the group in the nondurable goods total has little effect.
p = preliminary.
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
113 ESTABLISHMENT DATAHOURS AND EARNINGS
C-5. Gross and spendable average weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 'on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division, in current and 1967 dollars
Industry
Gross average weekly earnings
Aug.1974
July1975
Aug.1975P
Spendable average weekly earnings
Worker with no dependents
Aug.1974
July1975
Aug1975F
Worker with three dependents
Aug.1974
July1975
Aug1975P
TOTAL PRIVATE:Current dollars1967 dollars
MINING:Current dollars1967 dollars
CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION:Current dollars1967 dollars
MANUFACTURING:Current dollars1967 dollars
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES:Current dollars1967 dollars
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE:Current dollars1967 dollars
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE:Current dollars1967 dollars
SERVICES:Current dollars1967 dollars
$ 157.62$164.89105.15
228.00152.10
258.62172.53
178.45119.05
220.86147.34
121.80-81.25
140.9494.02
129.0086.06
101.60
248.72153.25
270.05166.39
188.55116.17
235.41145.05
128.6979.29
150.3392.62
138.2385. 17
$166.53102.29
246.27151.27
275.94169.50
190.87117.24
241.20148.16
129.7579. 70
150.7092.57
137.8984. 70
$126.3784.30
177.70118.55
199.95133.39
141.4194.34
172.50115.08
100.2666.88
114.2676.22
105.5270.39
$134.4382.83
194.61119.91
210. 15129.48
150.6392.81
184.87113.91
107.9966.54
123.8276.29
114.9770.84
$135.5883.28
192.85118.46
214.77131.92
152.2293.50
189.11116.16
108.7666.81
124.0976.22
114.7270.47
$136.8191.27
191.50127.75
215.33143.65
152.85101. 97
185.93124.04
108.9972. 71
123.9582.69
114.6176.46
$148. 8991. 74
211.85130.53
228.34140.69
166.56102.62
201.43124.11
121.1674.65
138.1085.09
130.1480.18
$150. 1792.24
209.93128.95
233.18143.23
168.27103.36
205.97126.52
122.1675.04
138.3384.97
129.8279. 74
CONSUMER PRICE INDEX (All items, 1967= 100) 149.9 162.3 162.8NOTE: The Consumer Price Index is an estimate of the average change in
prices of goods and services purchased by urban wage earners and clericalworkers.
1 For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2 . p = preliminary (applicable to earnings data only).
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
ESTABLISHMENT DATAHOURS AND EARNINGS
114
C-6 Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls of production or nonsupervisory workers1
on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division and major manufacturing group1967 = 100
Industry division and group
TOTAL
GOODS-PRODUCING
MINING
CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION
MANUFACTURING
DURABLE GOODSOrdnance and accessories
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products . . . .
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical equipment and supplies . . . .
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products . . .
Miscellaneous manufacturing
NONDURABLE GOODSFood and kindred products
Tobacco manufacturesTextile mill productsApparel and other textile products . .Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied productsPetroleum and coal productsRubber and plastics products, nee . . .Leather and leather products
SERVICE-PRODUCING
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLICUTILITIES
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE
WHOLESALE TRADERETAIL TRADE
FINANCE, INSURANCE. ANDREAL ESTATE
SERVICES
Aug.1974
Sept.1974
116.
106.
117.
130.
102.
102.47.
106.112.115.102.109.107.100.
88.113.106.
102.107.
96.99.93.
102.100.105.112.134.
78.
2
9
0
1
5
354205144813
72866962182
122.7
110.5
119.2
116.0120.4
127.5
131.7
115.2
107.3
117.8
126.7
103.6
104.649.5
101.7110.4112.3105.4110.3110.2104.296.0
113.0106.0
102. 1107.9102.197.592.9
101.8100.3104.9112.7135.1
7 3 . 8
120.7
109.4
117.0
115.1117.7
125.8
129.4
July1975
Hours
108.5
90.0
121.7
106.1
86.1
83.844.089.586.095.479.785.287.979.580.796.385.2
89.696.471.586.980.987.590.293.2
112.6104.870.3
121.2
102.5
117.3
112.3119.2
125.0
134.2
Aug.1975p
109.9
93.7
120.5
110.3
89.9
86.343.798.294.897.680.991.088.783.280.297.292.3
95.0104.396.293.587.290.892.595.3
111.3110.874.6
121. 1
102.4
116.9
112.4118.6
125.1
134.3
Sept1975F
109.6
95.8
122.0
108.1
92.8
89.4 5 .93 .99.98 .83 .94 .9 1 .87.86 .
101.95 .
97 .107.102.96.90 .92 .93 .95.
110.114.
75.
745955243038
35833225454
119.1
101.3
115.2
111.7116.5
122.6
131.5
1 For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2. p= preliminary.
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
115 ESTABLISHMENT DATAHOURS AND EARNINGS
C-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls of production or nonsupervisory workers1
on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division and major manufacturing group-Continued[1967= 100]
Industry division and group
Aug.1974
Sept.1974
July1975Payrolls
Aug.1975p
Sept.1975P
TOTAL
GOODS-PRODUCING
MINING
CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION
MANUFACTURING
DURABLE GOODSOrdnance and accessoriesLumber and wood productsFurniture and fixturesStone, clay, and glass productsPrimary metal industriesFabricated metal productsMachinery, except electricalElectrical equipment and supplies . . .Transportation equipmentInstruments and related products . . .Miscellaneous manufacturing
NONDURABLE GOODSFood and kindred productsTobacco manufacturesTextile mill productsApparel and other textile products . .Paper and allied productsPrinting and publishingChemicals and allied productsPetroleum and coal productsRubber and plastics products, nee . . .Leather and leather products
1 For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary.
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
ESTABLISHMENT DATASEASONALLY ADJUSTED HOURS
116
C-7. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls,by industry division and major manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
Industry1974
Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec
1975
Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug.** Sept.**
TOTAL
MINING
CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION
MANUFACTURING
Overtime hours
DURABLE GOODS
Overtime hours
Ordnance and accessoriesLumber and wood productsFurniture and fixturesStone, clay, and glass productsPrimary metal industriesFabricated metal productsMachinery, except electricalElectrical equipment and supplies . . . .Transportation equipmentInstruments and related productsMiscellaneous manufacturing industries
NONDURABLE GOODS
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufacturesTextile mill productsApparel and other textile productsPaper and allied productsPrinting and publishingChemicals and allied productsPetroleum and coal productsRubber and plastics products, neeLeather and leather products
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLICUTILITIES
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE
WHOLESALE TRADERETAIL TRADE
FINANCE, INSURANCE, ANDREAL ESTATE
SERVICES
36.5
43. 1
36.7
39.9
3.2
40.7
3.4
41.539.138.741.341.941. 142.539.840.140. 138.5
38.9
2.9
40.338.239.135. 141.937.541.542.340.43 6.6
40.2
34.0
38.832.5
36.8
33.9
36.5
43.4
37. 1
40.0
3. 1
40.7
3.3
41.438.938.641.341.940.942.539.740.539.938.4
38.9
2.8
40.337.338.435.341.837.641.342.640.736.9
40. 1
33.9
38.732.4
36.6
33.8
36.2
36.3
37.0
39.5
2.8
40.3
3.0
41.938.537.841.241.540.442.239.539.639.937.9
38.4
2.6
40. 137.337.734.441.337.441 . 142.239.736.6
39.8
33.8
38.632. 5
36.8
33.8
36.3
41.3
37.4
39.4
2.7
40.2
2.8
41.738.237.441.041 . 140.542.039.639.539.738.2
38.2
2.5
40.037.736.734.341.337.341.042.239.536.2
39.8
33.9
38.632.5
36.8
33.8
36.2
42.5
37.2
39.2
2.4
40. 1
2.5
41.838.136.640.940.640.441.839.539.639.638. 1
38. 1
2.3
40.037.536.234.241.037.440.741.939.535.9
39.9
33.8
38.732.4
36.9
33.9
36. 1
42.4
36.8
38.8
2.4
39.7
2.5
41.338.636.440.240.339.841.339.239.239.037.8
37.6
2.2
40.037.536. 133.640.637. 140.641.938.835.4
39.7
33.9
38.632.3
36.8
33.9
35.9
41.9
34.9
38.9
2.3
39.5
2.3
41.338.036.639.640.039.740.939.239. 139.137.7
37.9
2.2
40.238.636.933.840.537.040.441.738.735.3
39.7
33.9
38.632.5
36.6
33.8
35.9
41. 1
36.8
39.1
2.3
39.7
2.4
41.338.837.240.339.739.741.039.440. 539.238. 1
38.0
2.2
39.938.337.734.340.436.840.341.039.036.5
39.8
33.7
38.632.3
36.2
33.7
35.9
42.6
36.9
39. 0
2.4
39.5
2.2
41 . 138.837.540.239.539.540.539.139.539.338. 1
38.3
2.4
39.936.938.934.440.936.740.641.539.636.5
39.2
33.9
38.632.5
36.4
33.9
36.0
42.2
35.7
39.3
2.4
39.6
2.3
41.639.037.640.339.639.540.439.340.039.438.3
38.7
2.6
39.939.839.235.241.536.740.741.239.637.5
39.5
33.8
38.432.4
36.5
33.9
36.0
42. 1
36.2
39.4
2.6
39.8
2.5
40. 139. 137.840.639.739.540.539.540.739.738. 1
38.8
2.8
40. 135.439.635.24.1.636.740.941.340.037.8
39.4
33.6
38.532.2
36.3
33.7
36.2
41.4
36.7
39.6
2.7
40. 1
2.6
41.439.538.340.739.939.940.739.541.239.638.2
39.1
2.9
40. 137.540.335.441.937. 141.241.239.938.0
39.6
33.8
38.532.2
36.3
33.8
36.0
42.4
36.7
39.7
2.7
40.1
2.5
42.039.539.041.039.740.240.339.740.740.038.7
39.3
2.8
40.538.540.836. 142.037.041.340.540.038.8
39.4
33.5
38.432. 1
36. 1
33.6
1 For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2. p • preliminary.
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
117 ESTABLISHMENT DATASEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagriculturalpayrolls, by industry division and major manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
[1967 = 100]
Industry division and group1974
Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug.p Sept.p
1975
TOTAL
GOODS-PRODUCING
MINING
CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION . . .
MANUFACTURING
DURABLE GOODS
Ordnance and accessoriesLumber and wood productsFurniture and fixturesStone, clay, and glass products . . .Primary metal industriesFabricated metal productsMachinery, except electricalElectrical equipment and supplies . .Transportation equipmentInstruments and related products . .Miscellaneous manufacturing, Ind. . .
NONDURABLE GOODSFood and kindred products
Tobacco manufacturesTextile mil l products
Apparel and other textile products .Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products . . . .Petroleum and coal products . . . .Rubber and plastics products, nee .Leather and leather products . . . .
1 For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2. p • preliminary.
C-9. Hours of wage and salary workers
Industry division
TOTAL - ALL INDUSTRIESTOTAL-PRIVATE
MINING
CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION
MANUFACTURING . . . *
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLICUTILITIES
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE. .
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REALESTATE
SERVICES
GOVERNMENT
in nonagricultural establishments, by industry
JULY1975
145,352
116,461
1,627
6,39137,047
9,14629,801
7,934
24,516
28,891
Annual rateMillions of hours2
AUGUST1975p
146,649
117,383
1,617
6,496
37,582
9,192
29,856
7,956
24,684
29,266
SEPTEMBER1975p
146,864
117,616
1,651
6,491
38,018
9,121
29,788
7,937
24,609
29,249
SEPT. 1974to
SEPT. 1975
- 3.1
- 4.5
4.0
-12.8- 8.7
- 6.8
- 1.9
- 1.8
1.4
3.2
division
PBfCftOt CRBDQ8'
JULY 1975to
AUG. 1975
11.2
9.9
- 7.0
21.718.8
6.32.2
3.5
8.5
16.7
AUGUSTto
SEPT.
1 .
2 .
28.
- 1 .
14.
- 8.
- 2.
- 2.
- 3.
- 0.
1975
1975
8
4
9
0
8
9
7
9
6
7
1 Data refer to hours paid for all employees-production workers, nonsupervisory
workers and salaried workers—and are based largely on establishment data. See
BLS Handbook of Methods for Surveys and Studies-Chapter 25. Output Per Man-
Hour Measures, Private Economy.
2 "Annual rate" refers to total hours for 1 week in the month, seasonally adjusted,
and expressed as an annual equivalent.3 Percent change compounded at annual rates.
p= preliminary,
NOTE: Hours data are based on a March 1974 benchmark.
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
PRODUCTIVITY 118SEASONALLY ADJUSTEDTable C-10. Indexes of output and compensation per hour, unit costs, and prices,private economy, seasonally adjusted
[1967=100]
Item
Total private:
Output per hour of all persons
Output . . . .
Hours
Compensation per hour1
Real compensation per
hour2 . . . .
Implicit price deflator4
Private nonfarm:
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Real compensation perhour2 . . . .
Unit nonlabor payments3
Implicit price deflator4
Manufacturing.
Output per hour of all persons
Output^ ' . .
Hours
Compensation per hour1
Real compensation per
hour2
Unit labor costs
Nonfinancial corporations:
Output per all-employee hour
Output
Compensation per hour1
Real compensation per
hour2
Total unit costs^
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor costs7
Unit profits®
Implicit price deflator4
Annual average
1973
115.2125.8109.3150.9
113.4131.1124.2128.4
113.7126.3111.1148.8
111.8130.9117.9126.0
128.3132.6103.4147.3
110.6114.8
120.6132.3109.7150.1
112.8125.2124.4127.790.8
120.0
1974
112.122.
18
109.5164.
111.146.134.141.
110.123111
162
109
146
129
CM
CM
50
6
6131
761
140.0
129131101
161
109124
118129109
163
110139
138
140
89
131
389
2
1. 6
.0
.1
. 4
.3
.6
. 0
. 4
.9
. 2
. 5
1972
IV
114.122.106.143.
112.125.119.122.
113122108
141
111
125
117
122
124125100
140
110112
118126107
142
112121
120
126
91
307
2
940
9
142
7
6
2
2
2
52
.6
.4
.6
. 8
.7
.9
. 0
.4
.2
. 6
. 0
. 8
. 1
117.0
I
115.124.107.147.
114.127.120.124.
114125109
145
112
127
116
123
127129102
143
111112
120130108
146
113122
121
125
91
117
00
OO
8
7
76
0
7
116
4
9
44
3
19
.2
.4
.3
. 8
.7
.7
. 3
.5
.7
. 5
.4
.7
.9
. 8
I I
115.125.109.149.
113.129.122
126.
113126110
147
112
129
117
124
128132103
145
110113
120132109
148
113124
123
127
91119
19.73
161
4
68
59
709
3
0
6
0
9
2.3.2
.9
.9
. 8
.8
.3
. 5
.7
.1
. 1
. 1
. 1
. 3
. 1
I I I
114.126.109.151.
112.132.125.129.
113.126.111.149.
111.131.117.126.
129133103
148
110114
120132110
151
112125
125
128
90120
819
6
81
7
6
687
7
4
8
9
5
296
1
26
89
.0
1
4.9
. 1
. 3
. 2
. 5
IV
115.126.110.154.
112.134.128.132.
113127112
152
111
134
120
129
128134104
151
110117
120133110
154
112128
128
129
89122
Quarterly indexes
083
9
67
5
3
422
8
1
7
2
2
634
.6
.2
.9
.3
.4
. 9
. 1
.1
. 5
. 1
. 9
. 7
. 6
I
112.123.109.157.
111.139.130.136.
I l l124111
156
110
139
122
133
128132103
154
108120
118130110
157
111133132
134
86126
799
7
490
1
645
1
3
9
63
.2
.3
.2
.0
.7
. 1
.5
.6
.2
.1
.0
. 0
. 6
.2
. 8
.0
I I
112.124.109.162.
111.144.131.139.
111.124.111.160.
110
144
127
138
129132102
159
109122
118130109
161
111136
136
137
90
129
1974
8095
813
2
018
4
3
4
40
8944
6. 8
to e
n
. 9
.5
.1
. 7
. 4
.9
. 9
. 8
I I I
112.123.109.166.
111.148.135.143.
110.123.111.164.
109.148.131.142.
129.132102.163
109126.
117129110
165
110140
140
142
90
133to
to
8
7
350
3
348
2
6
8
42
486
3
12
750
3
49
4.4. 6
. 3
IV
110.119.108.170.
110.153.139.148.
109.120.110.167.
108.153
135.146.
129127
99
168
109130
117126107
169
109145
144147
88
137
892
2
36
9
3
441
9
9
5
5
7
180
7
47
106
5
.9
. 5
. 8
. 9
. 8
. 0
I
110.116.104.174.
111.157.141.151.
108116.106
171.
109
157
140
151
126116
91
174
110137
118121102
174
111150
147
15787
140
1975
OO
CM
9
6
16
6
4
928
7
2
7
0
0
529
3
.98
.2
.4
. 7
.4
.0
. 0
. 5
.4
. 3
. 5
I I
112.116.104.177.
111.158.144.153.
110116105
175
109
158
142
152
126114
90
177
111140
120122101
177
111150
147
16094
141
061
9
5943
498
0
7
5
6
b
566
8
5.6
.9
.8
. 5
.7
.4
. 2
. 0
. 2
. 2
. 8
1 Wages and salaries of employees plus employers' contributions for social insurance andprivate benefit plans. Data also include an estimate of wages, salaries, and supplementalpayments for the self-employed, except for nonfinancial corporations where there are noself-employed.
2 Compensation per hour adjusted for changes in the Consumer Price Index.3Nonlabor payments include profits, depreciation, interest, rental income, and indirect
taxes.4Current dollar gross product divided by constant dollar gross product.5Quarterly measures adjusted to annual estimates of output (gross product originating) from
the Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce.
6Total unit costs is the sum of unit labor costs and unit nonlabor costs.7 Includes depreciation, interest, and indirect taxes.8 Includes corporate profits before taxes and inventory valuation adjustment.
p= preliminary.
r= revised.
NOTE: Hours data underlying these indexes are based on a March 1973 benchmark.
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
119 PRODUCTIVITYSEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-11. Percent changes from preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly compensation, unitcosts, and prices, private economy, seasonally adjusted at annual rate
Item
Total private:
Hours
Compensation per hour^
Unit labor Costs . . .Unit n on labor navments4
ImDlicit Drice deflator^
Private nonfarm:
Output • •
Hours . . . . -
Unit labor costs - • - .
Imoltcit Drice deflator5
Manufacturing:
Cutout**
Hours
Real compensation per hour3
Unit labor costs . . . •
Nonfinancial corporations:
Output per all-employee hour
Output
HoursCompensation per hour^
Real compensation per hour3
Total unit costs^
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor costs®
Unit profits^ .
Implicit price deflator5
Quarterly percent change
IV 1973to
I 1974
- 7.6- 8.8- 1.3
7.6- 4.116.54.7
11.9
- 6.3- 8.6- 2.4
8.8- 3.016.28.1
13.3
- 1.3- 5.8- 4.6
6.5- 5.3
7.9
- 5.9- 8.1- 2.4
8.1- 3.914.614.913.9
-12.311.4
I 1974to
II 1974
0.10.10 . 0
12.71.2
12.64.29.5
- 2.0- 0.8
1.2
11.40.0
13.716.614.7
5.31.8
- 3.314.93.39.1
- 0.2- 1.4- 1.2
11.70.5:
11.811.911.420.212.6
II 1974to
III 1974
- 1.9- 2.4- 0.510.7
- 1.512.811.512.3
- 2.5- 2.4
0 . 1
9.8- 2.312.613.112.8
- 1.2- 0.3
0 . 9
10.2- 1.9
11.5
- 2.6- 2.1
0 . 5
9.7- 2.412.912.513.9
- 1.011.3
III 1974to
IV 1974
- 5.1-10.4- 5.6
8.6- 3.514.415.414.8
- 3.4- 9.3- 6.1
9.4- 2.813.313.113.2
- 1.0-14.2-13.413.91.2
15.0
- 2.1-10.2- 8.310.5
- 1.813.712.916.1
- 7.711.3
IV 1974to
I 1975
0.0-11.8-11.810.82.7
10.75.18.6
- 1.8-13.1-11.5
9.41.3
11.413.912.3
- 7.9-31.7-25.813.85.4
23.6
3.9-13.9-17.112.23.8
12.87 .9
28.4- 6.810.7
I 1975to
II 1975
4.31.5
- 2.87.81.73.38.05.0
5.82.1
- 3.57.81.71.97.94.0
0.0- 5.4- 5.4
8.32.28.3
9.54.5
- 4.57.81.70.7
- 1.57.3
35.73.7
Annual percent change
I 1973to
I 1974
- 2.6- 0.7
1.9
6.8- 2.8
9.68.39.1
- 2.2- 0.6
1.7
7.3- 2.3
9.85.38.2
0.81.81.0
7.4- 2.3
6.5
- 1.8- 0.1
1.7
7.3- 2.4
8.69 . 2
6.8- 5.6
6 . 9
II 1973to
II 1974
- 2.1- 1.3
0 . 8
8.8- 1.611.17.29.6
- 2.3- 1.5
0 . 8
8.8- 1.611.48.9
10.5
1.30.5
- 0.89.3
- 1.17.9
- 1.9- 1.6
0 . 3
8.7- 1.710.210.88.5
- 0.59 . 0
t i l 1973to
[II 1974
- 2.2- 2.3- 0.110.0
- 1.312.47.4
10.6
- 2.9- 2.7
0 . 1
9.7- 1.612.911.412.4
0.2- 0.8- 1.010.3
- 1.010.1
- 2.6- 2.6
0 . 0
9.4- 1.812.012.311.00.4
10.7
IV 1973to
IV 1974
- 3.7- 5.5- 1.9
9.9- 2.014.18.9
12.1
- 3.6- 5.3- 1.9
9.9- 2.0
13.912.713.5
0.4- 4.8- 5.211.3
- 0.710.9
- 2.7- 5.5- 2.9
10.0- 1.913.213.013.8
- 0.911.7
I 1974to
I 1975
- 1.7- 6.3- 4.610.7
- 0.312.69.0
11.3
- 2.4- 6.5- 4.210.0
- 0.912.714.213.2
- 1.3-12.2-11.013.22.0
14.7
- 0.3- 7.0- 6.811.00.0
12.811.317.30.6
11.5
II 1974to
II 1975
- 0.7- 5.9- 5.3
9.5- 0.210.2
9 .9
10.1
- 0.6- 5.9- 5.3
9 . 1
- 0.59.7
12.010.5
- 2.6-13.8-11.511.51.7
14.5
2.1- 5.7- 7.610.00.39.97 . 8
16.23 .7
9 . 2
1 Computed from seasonally adjusted original data, not from indexes.2Wages and salaries of employees plus employers' contributions for social insurance and
private benefit plans. Data also include an estimate of wages, salaries, and supplemental
payments for the self-employed, except for nonfinancial corporations where there are no
self-employed.3 Compensation per hour adjusted for changes in the Consumer Price Index.4 Nonlabor payments include profits, depreciation, interest, rental income, and indirect
taxes.5Current dollar gross product divided by constant dollar gross product.6Quarterly measures adjusted to annual estimates of output (gross product originating) from
the Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce.
7Total unit costs is the sum of unit labor costs and unit nonlabor costs.8 Includes depreciation, interest, and indirect taxes.
^Includes corporate profits before taxes and inventory valuation adjustment.
p= preliminary.
r= revised.
NOTE: Hours data underlying these indexes are based on a March 1973 benchmark.
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION DATA 120
C-12. Indexes of average hourly earnings, private nonfarm economy,1 adjusted for overtime
(in manufacturing only) and interindustry employment shifts, by industry division, 1964 to date
1 Production and nonsupervisory workers.2Prior data are as follows:
Total private
Current dollars
1967 dollars
1947
42.663.7
1948
46.0
63.8
1949
48.2
67.5
1950
50.069.3
1951
53.7
69.0
1952
56.470.9
1953
59.674.4
1954
61.7
76.6
1955
63.779.4
1956
67.0
82.3
1957
70.383.4
1958
73.2
84.5
1959
75.8
86.8
1960
78.4
88.4
1961
80.8
90.2
1962
83.5
92.2
1963
85.993.7
*Not available.
p = preliminary. c » c o r r e c t e d .
NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data are shown in table C-17.
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
121 EMPLOYEE COMPENSATIONSEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-13. Four-quarter changes in compensation.
Measure
Average hourly compensation:All persons, total private economyAll employees, private nonfarm economy:
Current dollars .1967 dollars
Average hourly earnings, private nonfarm economy2 . . .Mining"Contract constructionManufacturingTransportation and public utilitiesWholesale and retail tradeFinance insurance and real estateServices
Average hourly earnings, private nonfarm economy,2
adjusted for overtime (in manufacturing only) andinterindustry employment shifts:Total, current dollars
1967 dollarsMining .Contract constructionManufacturingTransportation and public utilitiesWholesale and retail tradeFinance, insurance, and real estateServices
Average hourly earnings, all Federal executive branchemployees3
Average union scales, 7 building trades: 4 /Wages and selected benefitsHourly wage rates
1 Current quarter divided by comparable quarter a year earlier2 Production and nonsupervisory workers.3 Computed from data that are not seasonally adjusted.
Changes subsequent to June 1971 based on data before seasonal adjustment.
Not available.= revised.
p = preliminary.NOTE: See technical description at end of table C:17.
C-14. Quarter-to-quarter changes
Measure
Average hourly compensation:All persons, total private economyAll employees, private nonfarm economy:
Current dollars1967 dollars
Average hourly earnings, private nonfarm economy1 . .MiningContract constructionManufacturingTransportation and public utilitiesWholesale and retail tradeFinance, insurance, and real estateServices
Average hourly earnings, private nonfarm economy,1
adjusted for overtime (in manufacturing only) andinterindustry employment shifts:Total, current dollars
1967 dollarsMiningContract constructionManufacturingTransportation and public utilitiesWholesale and retail tradeFinance, insurance, and real estateServices
Average hourly earnings, all Federal executive branchemployees2
Average union scales, 7 building trades: 3 /Wages and selected benefitsHourly wage rates
Current dollars1967 dollarsReal spendable earnings (worker and 3 dependents,
1967 dollars)
in compensation,
1973
Sept.
6 . 0
6 . 8-2.0
8 . 19 . 15 . 27 . 59 . 17 . 85 . 47 . 6
7 . 4-1.49 . 35 . 07 . 18 . 77 . 35 .98 . 5
2 . 0
8 . 67 . 0
10.3
7 . 0-1.8
-2.6
Dec
8 .9
8 . 2-1.4
7 . 38 . 63 . 47 . 37 . 08 . 55 . 79 . 1
7 . 0-2.6
7 . 83 . 57 . 57 . 07 . 56 . 27 .9
5 . 1
2 . 82 . 7
12.2
6 . 5-3.0
-3.8
seasonally
Mar.
7 . 6
8 . 8-3.1
5 . 810.2
4 . 04 . 96 . 66 . 25 . 28 .9
6 . 8-4.910.3
3 .76 .96 .96 . 95 . 78 . 6
( * )
1 .61.2
11.8
3 .9-7.5
-7.9
adjustedPercent change over previous quarter at annual
1974
June
12.7
11.2- . 28 . 8
14.08 . 2
10.16 . 29 . 58 . 2
11.5
10.1- 1 . 113.7
8 . 811.3
6 . 210.1
8 . 711.5
( * )
20.219.713.5
6 . 1-4 .8
-5.4
Sept.
10.7
9 . 7-2.410.613.313.014.9
8 . 511.4
9 . 56 . 6
10.7-1.513.112.512.0
8 . 511.611.0
6 . 6
( * )
10.59 . 9
11.1
11.0-1.2
-2.4
Dec.
8 . 6
9 . 6-2.6
8 . 01.55 . 89 . 9
11.49 . 08 . 99 . 4
9 . 6-2.5
9 . 86 . 3
11.210.8
8 . 110.0
8 . 8
( * )
6 . 14 . 4
3 .5
4 . 9-6.7
-7.2
rate
1975
Mar.
10.8
9 . 61.67 . 2
29.26 .58 . 16 .68 . 08 . 78 . 5
8 .6- . 5
18.26 .39 . 56 . 38 .99 . 18 . 7
( * )
2 . 81.6
• ( * )
4 . 1-3.6
-4.1
June
7 . 3
r7.5rl.5
5 . 28 . 08 . 26 . 18 . 45 . 6
1 0 . 35 . 1
7 . 51 .48 . 28 . 18 . 98 . 86 . 19 . 64 . 8
( * )
2 3 . 421 .6
( * )
3 .7- 2 . 2
9 . 9
S e p t . P
C*)
(*)(*)6 . 4
11 .76 . 48 . 1
11 .55 .93 .66 . 1
8 . 0
C*)12 .6
6 .58 . 6
11 .97 . 24 . 36 .9
( * )
( * )( * )( * )
8 .0( * )
C*>1 Production and nonsupervisory workers.2 Computed from data that are not seasonally adjusted. Actual percent change rather than
annual rate of change is shown where change is affected by a general salary adjustment.3 Changes subsequent to June 1971 based on data before seasonal adjustment.
* Not available.
r = revised. NOTE: See technical description at end of table C-17.p = preliminary.
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION DATASEASONALLY ADJUSTED
122
C-15. Twelve-month changes in compensation, seasonally adjusted
Percent change at annual rate over 12-month period1 ending i n -
1974
Sept. Nov. Dec.
1975
Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.
Average hourly earnings, privatenonfarm economy
MiningContract constructionManufacturingTransportation and public utilitiesWholesale and retail tradeFinance, insurance, and real estateServices
Average hourly earnings, privatenonfarm economy, adjusted forovertime (in manufacturing only) andinterindustry employment shifts:
Total, current dollars1967 dollars
MiningContract constructionManufacturingTransportation and public utilitiesWholesale and retail tradeFinance, insurance, and real estateServices
Average hourly earnings, all Federalexecutive branch employees3
Average weekly earnings, privatenonfarm economy:
Current dollars1967 dollarsReal spendable earnings (worker and
3 dependents, 1967 dollars)
8.311.67.59.77.48.98.08.5
8.9-2.711.67.49.87.39.28.78.6
5.7
6.8-4.6
- 5 . 3
8.512.47.09.98.39.28.09.1
9.2-2.512.07.3
10.18.39.49.28.8
5.1
7.3-4.2
-4.9
7.97.27.99.87.99.17.99.3
9.2-2,610.57.7
10.37.99.28.78.9
(*)
5.6-5.8
-6.4
8.49.48.2
10.08.38.87.98.9
9.4-2.512.68.4
10.58.09.08.58.8
7.6
6.4-5.2
-5.9
8.613.58.5
10.58.09.37.68.9
9.5-2.013.59.1
10.77.99.48.38.7
(*)
7.1-4 .1
-4.9
8.614.27.2
10.68.09.98.99.1
9.8-1.214.07.0
10.97.9
10.09.89.1
(*)
6.2-4.4
-5.0
8.814.59.3
11.18.59.2
10.09.0
9.9-.4
13.59.2
11.28.19.6
11.08.9
(*)
6.1-3.8
-4.4
8.512.08.8
11.08.59.29.78.1
9.6-.6
12.18.8
10.98.39.4
10.27.8
(*)
7.0-2.9
-3.7
7.712.88.09.49.08.59.37.2
9.0-.5
12.37.9
10.38.88.5
10.07.0
(*)
5.3-3.8
. 1
7.112.88.28.68.77.89.16.9
8.7-.6
12.48.19.98.78.19.56.8
(*)
5.4-3.6
.2
7.112.38.48.68.77.58.77.7
8.8-.8
12.28.59.78.88.09.07.6
(*)
5.0-4.2
- . 4
6.812.06.48.2
10.87.48.17.1
8.5-.1
12.26.49.6
10.67.68.67.3
(*)
5.6-2.7
1 . 1
6.312.15.37.38.96.56.97.1
7.9(*)
12.15.69.38.96.97.17.1
(*)
4.8(*)
( * )
1 Current month divided by same month a year e a r l i e r ,2 Production and nonsupervisory workers.3 Computed from data that are not seasonally adjusted.
* Not available,p = preliminary.
NOTE: See technical description at end of table C-17.
C-16. Six-month changes in compensation, seasonally adjusted
Measure
Percent change at annual rate over 6-month period1 ending i n -
1974
Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
1975
Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. _ May _ June July Sept.*Average hourly earnings, private
nonfarm economy2
MiningContract constructionManufacturingTransportation and public utilitiesWholesale and retail tradeFinance, insurance, and real estate . . . . .Services
Average hourly earnings, privatenonfarm economy,2 adjusted forovertime (in manufacturing only) andinterindustry employment shifts:
Total, current dollars1967 dollars
MiningContract constructionManufacturingTransportation and public utilitiesWholesale and retail tradeFinance, insurance, and real estateServices
Average hourly earnings, ail Federalexecutive branch employees3
Average weekly earnings, privatenonfarm economy:
Current dollars1967 dollarsReal spendable earnings (worker and
3 dependents, 1967 dollars)
10.514.010.913.68.5
11.011.18.9
10.9-1.113.610.812.28.3
11.412.39.1
5.2
8.7-3.0
-3.9
11.013.49.3
15.110.812.210.58.9
11.5-1.012.79.7
12.510.512.211.98.9
1.8
11.6-1.0
-2.2
8.82.3
10.211.910.010.29.88.2
10.0-2.28.99.8
11.69.89.4
11.37.8
(*)
5.9-5.9
-6.5
8.26.28.5
10.29.18.37.47.0
9.0-2.912.78.7
10.68.68.08.46.3
6.7
6.5-5.1
-5.8
8.213.78.19.78.78.88.68.7
9.1-2.313.78.6
10.38.28.89.18.6
(*)
5.2-5.8
-6.3
7.614.82.68.69.89.39.09.1
9.2-1.114.62.7
10.49.68.89.89.0
(*)
4.7-5.2
-5.7
7.115.17.78.68.57.58.99.1
8.9.4
13.57.8
10.37.87.89.78.6
(*)
3.6-4.5
-4.9
6.110.68.37.16.26.38.97.4
7.6-.2
11.47.99.36.26.78.66.7
(*)
2.6-4.8
6.524.35.87.18.06.88.86.3
8.01.3
15.86.29.17.87.68.76.3
(*)
4.8-1.7
6.019.97.97.08.37.4
10.96.8
8.41.7
12.27.69.28.88.1
10.77.3
(*)
4.3-2.1
6.011.08.77.48.76.28.76.7
8.4.7
10.78.49.29.47.28.86.5
(*)
4.8-2.6
6.09.3
10.37.8
11.95.57.15.1
7.8.9
9.810.28.8
11.66.77.55.6
(*)
6.5-.3
5.59.23.16.09.25.55.05.1
7.0(*)
10.73.58.29.96.04.55.5
<*)
6.0(*)
(*)
1 Current month divided by month 6 months earlier.2 Production and nonsupervisory workers.3 Computed from data that are not seasonally adjusted. (Actual percent change rather than
annual rate of change is shown where change is affected by a general salary adjustment.
* Not available,p = preliminary.
NOTE: See technical description at end of table C-17.
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
123
C-17. Average hourly or weekly compensation, seasonally adjusted
EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION DATASEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Measure
LEVELSAverage hourly earnings, private
nonfarm economyMiningContract constructionManufacturingTransportation and public utilitiesWholesale and retail tradeFinance, insurance, and real estateServices
All persons total private economyAll employees, private nonfarm economy:
Current dollars1967 dollars
Average hourly earnings, privatenonfarm economy, * adjusted forovertime (in manufacturing only)and interindustry employment shifts:
Total, current dollars1967 dollars . .
MiningContract constructionManufacturingTransportation and public utilitiesWholesale and retail tradeFinance, insurance, and real estateServices
Average hourly earnings, all Federal executive
Average union scales, 7 building trades(quarterly data):2
Wages and selected benefitsHourly wage rates
1 Production and nonsupervisory workers.2 Not seasonally adjusted,
r = revised.
19743d
quarter
Sept.
$4.315.376.924.535.523.543.913.82
157.32103.85
90.16
_
162.0107.0167.6167.3159.7170.3158.7152.6165.9
171.9
4th quarter
Oct.
$4.345.436.904.575.603.573.913.852.31
158.41103.64
89.91
163.3106.8168.8167.3161.3172.4159.6152.9167.0
172.7
186.9175.1
Nov.
$4.355.226.964.595.603.593.943.89
157.47102.07
88.61
.170.2
167.7108.7
164.2106.4167.9168.3162.5172.7160.4153.9168.3
C*)
Dec.
$4.385.387.004.625.643.603.973.91
158.99102.26
88.67
_
165.4106.4172.6169.6163.6173.6161.1155.0169.4
183.8
1975
1 s t
Jan.
$4.415.627.034.655.663.633.973.932.33
159.64102.02
88.43
166.3106.3174.9170.4164.8174.3162.6154.9170.4
(*)
189.7177.0
quarter
Feb.
$4.435.716.984.685.703.674.023.97
159.92101.64
88.08
174.6
171.6109.2
167.8106.6177.6168.8166.1175.6164.1157.3172.1
C*)
Mar.
$4.465.767.184.725.753.674.083.99
160.11101.48
87.93
169.1107.2178.5173.7167.7176.8164.8159.8172.8
C*)
* Not available,p = preliminary.
2d quarter
Apr.
$4.475.717.184.735.773.684.083.99(*)
160.47101.11
87.58
-
169.4106.8178.1173.7168.6177.6164.9159.4172.5
(*)
191.0177.7
May
$4.495.827.164.755.823.714.114.01
161.19101.21
91.67
177.7
rl74.7rlO9.5
170.6107.1180.7173.4169.7179.3166.4160.4173.5
(*)
June
$4.515.897.274.785.873.734.184.04
162.36101.16
91.53
-
172.2107.3182.8175.9171.0181.1167.5163.1175.5
( * )
3d
July
$4.545.927.334.825.903.744.144.06(*)
163.44100.67
91.01
-
173.1106.6184.0177.4172.2182.4168.3161.5175.8
(*)
201.3186.6
quarter
Aug.P
$4.565.977.334.866.033.774.164.07
165.07101.51
91.64
(*)
C*)(*)
174.2107.1186.2177.2173.3185.5169.6163.1176.9
( * )
Sept.P
$4.586.027.294.866.013.774.184.09
164.88C*)
(*)
-
174.9( * )
187.8176.6174.5185.4169.7163.3177.6
( * )
-
Technical description covering tables C-12 through C-17
Character-istics
Referenceperiodandsource
Type ofcompen-sation
Type ofworker
Average hourlycompensation
Basic time series consists ofquarterly averages. Data aredeveloped by BLS fromDepartment of Commerceestimates of compensationand BLS hour estimates.
Compensation is the total ofwages and salaries plussupplements to wages andsalaries (according toNational Income Accountsdefinitions) per hour paid for.
1. Total private economy: Al lpersons, i. e., all employeesand imputed compensation ofself employed.
Basic time series consists of averages forpayroll period including 12th of month.Monthly data have been summed anddivided by 3 to obtain quarterly averages.Private industry data obtained by BLS froma stratified probability sample ofestablishments. Federal data obtained fromthe Civil Service Commission. Published byBLS monthly in Employment and Earnings.
Basic series consists of regular hourly payrollexpenditures before deductions, i. e.,straight-time hourly earnings plus premiumand incentive pay. Series adjusted forovertime and interindustry employmentshifts excludes overtime premiums inmanufacturing only. Weekly earnings in1967 dollars adjust earnings for pricechanges while spendable earnings adjust forprice and Federal income and social securitytax changes.
1. Private: Production and related workers in
mining and manufacturing; construction,
workers in contract construction; and
nonsupervisory workers "m all other
industries.
2. Federal Executive Branch: Al l workers,
supervisory and nonsupervisory.
Union scales, building trades
Basic time series consists of wage rates andselected benefits as of January 1, April 1,July 1, and October 1. Data obtained byBLS from local union officials and unionagreements. Published quarterly in pressreleases.
Compensation is, in the c«re of wage scales,minimum wage rates (excluding premiumpay for holiday, vacatior, or overtime)agreed upon in collective bargaining. In thecase of wages and selected benefits, it iswages, as defined above, plus employerpayments to health and welfare, pension,and vacation funds.
jnionized building trades worke.continental United States cities of 100,000population or more in the following seventrades: Bricklayers, building laborers,carpenters, electricians, painters, plasterers,and plumbers.
Wage rates, hired farm labor
Basic time series consists of rates as of weekpreceding January 1, April 1, July 1, andOctober 1. Data obtained by Department ofAgriculture from a sample survey of farmoperators and published quarterly in FarmLabor by USDA.
Compensation is cash payments to worker,exclusive of perquisites such as room orboard.
Hired farm workers defined as those workingonly for wages, for 1 hour or more on farmduring survey week.
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
ESTABLISHMENT DATASTATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
124
C-18. Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls,by State and selected areas
1 Data not comparable prior to August 1975 due to change in area definition (seetable B-8 for details).
2 Subarea of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Burl-ington, Camden, and Gloucester Counties, New Jersey.
Subarea of New York—Northeastern New Jersey.Subarea of Rochester Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.Area included in New York and Nassau-Suffolk combined SMSA's.Subarea of New York Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.Subarea of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Bucks,
Chester, Delaware, Montgomery, and Philadelphia Counties, Pennsylvania.8 Subarea of Northeast Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Lacka-
wanna County.
9 Subarea of Northeast Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: LuzerneCounty.
1 0 Subarea of Washington, D.C. Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Alexandria,Fairfax, and Falls Church cities,and Arlington, Fairfax, Loudoun,and Prince William Counties,Virginia.
* Not available.
p= preliminary.
SOURCE: Cooperating State agencies listed on inside back cover.
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
129 ESTABLISHMENT DATALABOR TURNOVER
D-1. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing 1963 to date(Per 100 employees]
Excludes canning and preserving.Excludes agricultural chemicals, and miscellaneous manufacturing.Excludes canned fruits, vegetables, preserves, jams and jellies.Excludes canning and preserving, and sugar.Excludes canning and preserving, and newspapers.Subarea of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Burl-
ington, Camden, and Gloucester Counties, New Jersey.Subarea of Rochester Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.Area included in New York and Nassau-Suffolk combined SMSA's.Subarea of New York Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.
1 ° Excludes new-hire rate for transportation equipment.1 * Subarea of Northeast Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Lacka-
wanna County.12 Subarea of Northeast Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Luzerne
County.13 Excludes canning and preserving, printing and publishing.* Not available.p= preliminary.
SOURCE: Cooperating State agencies listed on inside back cover.
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE DATA
E-1. Insured unemployment under State programs
[Week including the 12th of the month]
138
State
TOTAL2' 3 .
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
AlabamaAlaskaArizonaArkansas
CaliforniaColoradoConnecticutDelaware
District of ColumbiaFloridaGeorgia
Hawaii
IdahoIllinoisIndianaIowa . .
KansasKentucky
LouisianaMaine •.
MarylandMassachusettsMichiganMinnesota
MississippiMissouriMontanaNebraska .
NevadaNew HampshireNew JerseyNew Mexico
New York .North Carolina . . .North Dakota . . .Ohio .
Oklahoma
Puerto Rico ^
Rhode IslandSouth Carolina
South DakotaTennessee
TexasUtah . .
VermontVirginia
WashingtonWest VirginaWisconsinWyoming . . . . .
Number (in thousands)
Sept.1974
1,786.0
2, 251.0
22. 23. 2
17. 413.2
236.39.2
41. 74. 1
8 . 463.730.210.9
4. 568.823. 3
6.6
7 .218.328.7
9. 3
27. 387. 7
111.621. 8
7.336.5
4 . 26.6
9.25.6
104.67.9
225.927.5
1. 151. 3
14. 324.0
121.060.9
13.818.01.3
26.7
32 76 84.5
15.4
47. 110.225.4
0 . 5
Aug.1975
3, 489.2
3,907.6
48.55. 3
36.933.5
374, 920. 786.910.9
16.0128.263.515.0
9 . 4214.5
62.427.0
17.546.154.416.7
54.6142.0195.547. 1
27.473.6
6.914.2
11. 115.0
152.014. 3
349. 374.8
2.8156.9
28.041.1
263.879. 3
26.741.1
3.464.4
77. 313. 79.3
45.8
76.520.570. 7
1.6
Sept.1975
3, 108.6
3, 896.6
43.04 . 4
32. 825.5
343.520. 373.0
7 . 4
14.0126.259.415.0
8 .0201.7
52.721.6
16.739.438.214.7
52.5126.2157.542.4
21. 363.0
6.612.4
10. 313.6.
138.210. 7
324.060.2
2.2131.0
25.242.5
227. 174. 0
22.539.02.7
59.8
67. 812.27.9
47.9
69.319.660.0
1.5
Change from1
Sept.1974
1, 322.6
1, 645.6
20. 81.2
15.412.3
7.211. 131.4
3. 3
5 . 662.629.2
4.1
3.532.929.515.0
9 . 421. 1
9.65 . 4
25.238.545.920.5
14.026.5
2. 35 . 8
1. 18.0
33.62. 8
98. 132.71.0
79.7
10.918.56.1
13. 1
8.720.9
1.433.1
35. 15. 33.4
32.5
22.29.4
34.61.0
Aug.1975
-380.6
-11.0
-5.6-0.9-4. 1-8.1
-31.4-0. 3
-13.9-3.5
-2.0-1.9-4. 10.0
-1.4-12.8
-9.7-5.4
-0.8-6.7
-16.1-2.0
-2.1-15.8-38.0
-4. 7
-6.1-10.6
-0.4-1.8
-0 . 8-1.4
-13. 8-3.6
-25. 3-14.7
-0.6-25.9
-2.81.4
-36.7-5.4
-4.2-2 . 1-0.7-4.6
-9.5-1.6- 1 . 32. 1
-7.2-0.9
-10.7-0 . 1
Rate (percent of average coveredemployment)
Sept.1974
2.7
3.5
2.54 . 43 . 02.6
3.71.23 . 41.9
2. 32 . 72. 13.6
2 . 21. 81.40 . 8
1.22. 23 . 03 .3
2 . 44 . 44.01.8
1.42.52 . 71.6
4.52.24.53.2
3.81.60.91.5
2. 13.63.19.8
4.32.20.92. 1
1.02 . 23.41. 1
5.02. 31.80 . 6
Aug.1975
. 5.2
5.8
5.26 . 05.96.2
5.72.77 . 15 . 1
4 . 44 . 94.34.8
4 . 45.63 .73. 3
2 . 95 . 45 . 45 . 8
4 . 77 . 07.13.4
5.05.04. 13 .2
5.25.76.65.5
5.94. 32.04. 1
3.95.46.8
13.5
8.25.02. 15.0
2.14. 17.03.3
7.94.44.51.5
Sept.1975
4.6
5.8
4.65 . 05. 34.7
5.22.76 . 03 . 4
3 .94 . 94 . 04 . 8
3 .75 . 33. 12 . 6
2 . 74 . 63 . 85. 1
4 . 66 . 25 . 73. 1
3 . 84. 33 .92 . 8
4.95.26 . 04. 1
5 . 53 .51.53 . 4
3.55.55.9
12.2
6.94.71.74 . 6
1.93 . 66 . 03 .5
7. 14.23 .91.5
1 Based on unrounded data; changes of less than 50 not shown.
2 Include data under the program for Puerto Rico's sugarcane workers. Rates exclude thesugarcane workers as comparable covered employment data are not yet available.
3 Figures do not include claimants receiving benefits under extended benefit provisions.
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
139 UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE DATA
E-2. Insured unemployment1 in 150 major labor areas2
[ In thousands, for week including the 12th of the month]
1B. PRODUCTION OR NONSUPERVISORY WORKERS ON PRIVATE NONAGRICULTURAL PAYROLLS, 1973 TO DATE
U N THOUSANDS)
TOTAL PRIVATE1973 52,3341974 53,0291975
50,22951,88450,509
50,46451,83349,804
50,93952,08549,765
51,53052,65450,138
52,07453,17950,601
53,02453,93651,207
52,72353,556
53,12553,849
53,23053,840
53,40453,713
53,62253,249
53,64252,574
MANUFACTURING1973 14,7601974 14,6131975
14,28714,70013,237
14,42214,60112,859
14,51614,58512,757
14,57014,63612,731
14,64014,67412,807
14,93414,91212,981
14,64114,610
14,92014,823
15,03814,913
15,06514,709
15,08814,363
14,99413,825
DURABLE GOODS1973 8,6911974 8,6411975
NONDURABLE GOODS1973 6,0691974 5,9721975
8,3568,7127,805
5,9315,9885,432
8,4518,6247,540
5,9715,9775,319
8,5178,6157,484
5,9995,9705,273
8,5818,7057,443
5,9895,9315,288
8,6518,7207,447
5,9895,9545,360
8,8118,8567,500
6,1236,0565,481
8,6548,668
5,9875,942
8,7168,675
6,2046,148
8,8418,781
6,1976,132
8,8868,690
6,1796,019
8,9288,489
6,1605,874
8,8978,158
6,0975,667
DATA RELATE TO PRODUCTION WORKERS IN MINING AND MANUFACTURING, TO CONSTRUCTION WORKERS IN CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION. ANDTO NONSUPERVISORY WORKERS IN TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE, FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REALESTATES AND SERVICES.
C. EMPLOYEES ON NONAGRICULTURAL PAYROLLS, BY INDUSTRY, SEASONALLY ADJUSTED, 1970 TO DATEU N THOUSANDS)
TOTAL197019711972197319741975
TOTAL RRIVATE197019711972197319741975
GOODS-RRODUCING197019711972197319741975
71,15670,81772,40175,51678,06877,319
58,79958,07659,26561,96464,11962,852
24,17522,88523,13324,24425,06023,270
71,21970,68672,52075,91578,19676,804
58,83457,94559,35262,33264,19462,210
24,12122,72023,12524,42025,01222,691
71,35370,75472,87076,15978,23676,468
58,88857,97159,66962,54464,20961,850
24,11422,70723,25524,51124,95122,422
71,30470,94673,11876,36778,35176,462
58,74058,12659,87562,70864,27361,770
23,93722,79023,34324,56024,94322,328
71,00871,10173,40076,56978,48676,510
58,46958,25260,11462,87664,38861,784
23,65222,84623,45624,62924,90722,339
70,90271,12173,64176,87878,53076,343
58,37558,23560,35663,12464,41461,652
23,56422,78523,54324,75024,86222,233
70,96071,18073,68776,94078,648
-
58,39758,30260,34463,21664,493
-
23,52422,76323,45224,77124,813
—
70,79771,17974,00777,20778,733
-
58,21458,26060*59663,42364,524
-
23,39322,72123,59524,81224,773
—
70,86571,51974,24177,36678,830
-
58,25158,57760,78563,59464,531
-
23,30922,87323,70624,85224,714
—
70,46271,53374,59177,67378,790
-
57,79258,54761,11863,83064,437
-
22,77822,82923,89924,96024,572
—
70,32671,72374,84577,97378,374
-
57,62458,70161,33764,06663,975
22,62422,92023,97325,05324,186
—
70,69971,99275*09978*05877,723
-
57,98458*92161*53964,11863*302
-
22*94122*94824,02125*11523*646
_
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
143 ESTABLISHMENT DATA
c. EMPLOYEES ON NONAGRICULTURAL PAYROLLS, BY INDUSTRY, SEASONALLY ADJUSTED, 1970 TO DATE—CONTINUEOfIN THOUSANDS)
ANNUALYEAR AVERAGE
MINING197019711972197319741975
JAN.
623623625628672723
CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION197019711972197319741975
MANUFACTURING197019711972197319741975
OURABLB GOODS197019711972197319741975
3,5393,5543,8383,8994,0643,749
20,01318,70818,67019,71720,32418,798
11,70510,70110*66911,52212,04711,099
ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES197019711972197319741975
LUMBER AND WOOD197019711972197319741975
275208179189178177
PRODUCTS598566610636650551
FURNITURE AND FIXTURES197019711972197319741975
STONEt CLAY, AND19701971197219731974197S
477449485527535454
FEB.
621618620629674724
3,5733,4743,7543,9404,1163,592
19,92718,62818,75119,85120,22218,375
11,64210,64210,73411,63311,96610,813
271201179190176177
589568609638650537
472449490531531441
GLASS PRODUCTS653630646673707635
PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES197019711972197319741975
FABRlCATfD MSTAL197019711972197319741975
1,3671,2651,1961,2901,3561,284
PRODUCTS1,4361,3301,3521,4581*5301,374
653628645681704620
1,3591,2671*2001*2981*3521*248
1*4261*3291*3641*4781*5231,357
333343
191818192018
111010111110
111111
111111
MAR.
622619624629677729
,585,542,787,962• 089,467
»907,546«844,920,185• 226
,644,574,801,686*947,728
265196179188177177
584568612641652539
472450492535529434
650627649684704610
,345,268• 222• 294• 340• 218
,420• 311• 374• 486• 520• 336
APR.
619621619630685732
3*5603*6123*8023*9554,0493,441
19,75818,55718,92219,97520,20918,155
11,53010,58110,86111,73511,99610,637
256194181187177176
578574616639652536
467452495536529436
646633652686700608
1,3311,2701*2261*3001*3401,189
1,4091,3291,3801,4931,5191,332
MAY
618622620632689738
3*5103,6173,8323*9874*0293*439
19,52418*60719,00420,01020,18918,162
11*37810*62010*92911*78811,97510,595
250195182185175177
574577620641647546
456457496536528439
640635657689700609
1,3181,2731,2331,3101,3401,168
1*3901*3341*3891*5001,5171,324
JUN.
619620621637692741
3,5213,6313,8534,0283,9693,392
19,42418,53419,06920,08520,20118,100
11,27510,58010*96711*84412,00410,527
244191184183175173
569580623643639552
452458499538525437
639633660692693605
1,3171*2651*2321*3201*3461,149
1,3831,3311,3951,5031,5221,317
JUL.
619602619644698-
3*5233,6493,8144,0593*913
-
19,38218,51219,01920,06820,202
-
11,21310,55910,95411,86212,024
-
236188184183177-
565588625642635-
455463506535520-
634632659695695-
1,3141,2331,2291,3241,347
-
1,3801,3331,3941,5021,528
-
AUG.
623616623649701-
3,5303,6473,8634,0473,938
-
19*24018,45819,10920,11620,134
-
11,12010,50911,02811,90711,962
-
232187185181177-
564591627645626-
454458507537519-
637634662693694-
1,3121,1681,2491,3341,349
-
]1
L,379L,334L,402L,505L,518
SEPT.
625623630651708-
3,4993,6763,8724,0703,902
-
19,18518,57419,20420*13120*104
-
11*08710*58911*10211*92511*943
-
228185181179178-
566600628645618-
457469512536518
640638664695686-
1*3261*1871*2651*3431*352
-
1*3861*3471*4071,5031,506
-
33343
1818192019
1010111211
11111
]
OCT.
630560638666728-
,508,722,890,049,872-
,640,547»371,245,972-
,596,584,241,001,870-
221184183178178-
564604630646600-
454471516538507-
633635669699678-
,280,184• 273,354,353-
,325r342,418,513,492-
33343
1818192019
1010111211
11111
111ItIt
NOV.
628561631665722-
,534,776,865,064,826-
,462,583»477,324,638-
,436• 597»323,058,656-
216182189174177-
562608635647579-
453475520538486-
629638671702667-
,254,182,275,357,339-
,303,343,430,525467-
DEC.
626624629668686-
3,5653,7243,7774,0803*770
-
18,75018*60019,61520,36719,190
-
10,72910,61311,43312,09711,357
-
211180189177176-
562637636651569-
450481524537474-
631639672709655-
1*2631,1841,2861*3611*308
-
1*333143441,4441*533U425
-
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
ESTABLISHMENT DATA 144
c. EMPLOYEES ON NONAGRICULTURAL PAYROLLS, BY INDUSTRY, SEASONALLY ADJUSTED, 1970 TO DATE—CONTINUEDU N THOUSANDS)
Current dollars103.73111. 56119.93125.98133.28146. 00
Spendable a
90. 0292. 5496.9496.3490.9187. 58
89.6592. 3596.1995.8391.6291.67
104. 32112. 14120. 51126.84134.09146.91
verage weekly1967 dollars
89.7992. 3996.4995.8991.3491. 53
103. 10104. 31108. 82109.88105. 11100.67 3
earnings
105. 16112. 15121.38127.69135.26147.76
earnings
90.2392. 1596.7696.2391. 3791. 01
3. 263.473.693.954.27
2.792.842.942.932.85
122.2130.6138.4147.7160.6
104. 6107. i110. 1109.4107.2
120.95128.04137.27146. 15156.28
103. 54104.94109. 28108. 25104. 37
105.79113. 01121. 97127.96135.78
90. 5792.6297. 1094.7890.68
3.263.483.713.984. 31
2.782.852.942.942.85
122.7131. 0139. 1148.8162. 0
104.4107. 3110. 3109.9107. 0
119.97128.06138. 01147.26157.32
102. 15104. 87109.45108.80103. 85
105.01113. 02122. 55128.82136. 58
89.4292. 5697. 1995. 1890. 16
3.273.503.744. 004. 34
2.772.862.962. 932.84
123.2131.3140.2149. 5163.3
104. 3107. 3110. 8109. 5106.8
120.66129.50139.50147.60158.41
102.21105.86110.26108. 15103.64
105. 56114. 16123.73129.08137.42
89.4293. 3297.7994. 5889.91
3.293. 513.764. 034. 35
2.782.862.962.932.82
123.9131.6140.7150. 3164.2
104. 5107. 3110.9109.2106.4
121.40130.22139.87149.11157.47
102.43106.21110.21108. 36102. 07
106. 14114.73124. 02130.25136.70
.89.5593. 5797.7294.6688. 61
3. 313. 543.784. 044. 38
2. 782. 882.972.922.82
124.5133.3141.7151.2165.4
104.5108. 3111. 3109.2106.4
122.47131. 33140.24149.48158. 99
102. 80106.68110. 14107.90102,26
106.99115. 59127. 31130. 53137.87
89.8093. 8997.6394.2288.67
See footnote 1, table B.Adjusted for overtime (manufacturing only) and interindustry employment shifts.Calculated for workers with 3 dependents who earned the average weekly earnings.
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
ESTABLISHMENT DATA 154
Seasonal Factors
The following tables present seasonal adjustment factors for all series in the establishment section of this periodical. These factors were derived using data through June 1975. The factorsshould be used with current estimates (adjusted to the March 1974 benchmarks) beginning July 1975 for all series shown in the following tables except those that relate to labor turnover (table K).
The seasonal movements are measured in order to adjust the data statistically for such recurring events as warm and cold weather, crop-growing cycles, holidays, vacations, regular industrymodel changeover periods, and the like. These movements are generally the largest single component of month-to-month changes in employment, hours, earnings, and labor turnover. The sea-sonal factors which fol low enable the analyst to remove these influences from the data in order to determine more basic trends.
J. Seasonal adjustment factors for employees on nonagricultural payrolls,by industry division and major manufacturing group
Industry
TOTAL1
MINING
CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION
MANUFACTURING1
DURABLE GOODS 1
Ordnance and accessoriesLumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass productsPrimary metal industries . . .
Fabricated metal products
Machinery except electrical
Electrical equipment and suppliesTransportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
NONDURABLE GOODS 1
Food and kindred productsTobacco manufactures .
Textile mil l products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied productsPrinting and publishing
Chemicals and allied productsPetroleum and coal products
Rubber and plastics products, neeLeather and leather products
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES ..
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE1
WHOLESALE TRADERETAIL TRADE
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE...
SERVICESHotels and other lodging places
Personal servicesMedical and other health servicesEducational services
1 Seasonally adjusted data derived by summation of components. 3 Based on data which exclude temporary Christmas employees of the Postal Service during
2 Factors shown for July, August and September are based on data excluding motor December.
vehicles (SIC 371). Comparable factor for June is 101.2. 4 Factors shown are for 1976. Factors for March and April 1975 were 97.8 and 99.1,
respectively.
K. Seasonal adjustment factors for
Item
LABOR TURNOVER
Total accessions . . . .New hires . . . .
Total separationsQuits
Layoffs
labor turnover
Jan.
90 .85 .
104.84.
130.
29425
Feb.
83.78 .87 .76 .
102.
rates in manufacturing
51621
Mar.
95 .90 .90 .88 .93 .
87446
Apr
94 .9 2 .93 .95 .85 .
87625
May
11 Z.112.
89 .98 .67 .
t
54506
June
135.92.
100.68.
03795
July
104.105.111.104.139.
228
Aug.
134.133.127.157.
82 .
5800
Sept.
124.131.123.151.
8 1 .
5?,939
Oct.
103. 1108.2107.4109. 596.4
Nov.
76 .75 .86 .75.
108.
04899
Dec.
58.55.86.59.
143.
0
44
1 Factors applicable for the period September 1975 through August 1976 and include the effects of trading day variations.
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1 5 5 ESTABLISHMENT DATA
L. Seasonal adjustment factors for production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrollsby industry division and major manufacturing group
Industry Apr. May July Aug. Sept.
TOTAL2
MINING
CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION
MANUFACTURING2
DURABLE GOODS 2
Ordnance and accessoriesLumber and wood productsFurniture and fixturesStone, clay, and glass productsPrimary metal industriesFabricated metal productsMachinery, except electricalElectrical equipment and suppliesTransportation equipmentinstruments and related productsMiscellaneous manufacturing industries .
NONDURABLE GOODS2
Food and kindred productsTobacco manufacturerTextile mill productsApparel and other textile products .Paper and allied productsPrinting and publishingChemicals and allied productsPetroleum and coal productsRubber and plastics products, nee .Leather and leather products
1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; to construction workers 3 Factors shown for July, August, and Septemlin contract construction; and to nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; vehicles (SIC 371). Comparable factor for June is 101.wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. 4 Factors shown are for 1976. Factors for Marc
2 Seasonally adjusted data derived by summation of components. respectively.
3 Factors shown for July, August, and September are based on data excluding motorL»:_l«._ / P I P O T 1 \ / * * • .rt . .r. r. • • • I, . I r. X • — X _ _ I ; _ -I A < | / *
:h and April 1975 were 97.6and99.0,
M. Seasonal adjustment factors for average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1
on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division and major manufacturing group
Industry
TOTAL PRIVATE
MINING
CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION
MANUFACTURING
DURABLE GOODSOrdnance and accessories ,Lumber and wood productsFurniture and fixturesStone, clay, and glass productsPrimary metal industriesFabricated metal productsMachinery, except electricalElectrical equipment and suppliesTransportation equipmentInstruments and related productsMiscellaneous manufacturing industries
NONDURABLE GOODSFood and kindred productsTobacco manufacturesTextile mill productsApparel and other textile productsPaper and allied productsPrinting and publishingChemicals and allied productsPetroleum and coal productsRubber and plastics products, nee
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
ESTABLISHMENT DATA 156
N. Seasonal adjustment factors for average weekly overtime hours of production workers on manufacturing payrolls
Industry
MANUFACTURING
DURABLE GOODSNONDURABLE GOODS
Jan.
92 .
9 1 .9 1 .
60
Feb.
92.
93 .92.
7
3
Mar.
94.8
95.994.8
Apr.
95.
92.94. 4
May
97. 1
98.996.4
June
102. 7
103. 5102. 1
July
97.
101.
9
53
Aug.
103.4
101.2106.2
Sept.
110.
110.112.
8
84
Oct.
105.
105.105.
78
Nov.
102.
102.101.
4
q
8
Dec.
103. 3
105. 6100. 7
O. Seasonal adjustment factors for average hourly earnings of production ornonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division
Industry
TOTAL PRIVATE
MINING
CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION
MANUFACTURING
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLICUTILITIES
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REALESTATE
SERVICES
Jan.
99.8
101.3
100. 5
100.5
100. 1
100.5
100. 5
100.3
Feb.
99.7
100. 5
100.2
100. 0
100.0
100.4
100.7
100.5
Mar.
99.6
99.8
99.4
99.9
99.4
100.2
100.3
100.3
Apr.
99.8
100.4
99.2
100. 1
99.7
100.3
100.3
100. 1
May
99.8
99.8
99.5
99.9
99.3
100.2
100. 1
100.0
June
100. 0
99.6
98.8
99.9
99.3
100.0
99. 6
99.5
July
99.7
99.3
98.8
99.7
100.0
99.6
99.8
99.3
Aug.
99.7
99.2
99.6
99.2
100.0
99.4
99.4
98.8
Sept.
100.9
100. 1
101.3
100.2
101. 1
100.3
100. 0
100.7
Oct.
100.6
99.0
101. 3
99.9
100.4
100. 1
99. 7
100.2
Nov.
100. 1
100. 1
100. 6
100.0
100.3
99.8
99. 5100. 1
Dec.
99.9
100.9
100. 7
100.8
100.2
99.2
100.2100.3
1 See footnote 1, table L.
P. Seasonal adjustment factors for indexes of average hourly earnings adjusted for overtime(in manufacturing only) and interindustry employment shifts of production or nonsupervisory workers1
on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division
Industry
TOTAL PRIVATE
MINING
CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION
MANUFACTURING
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLICUTILITIES
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL'ESTATE .
SERVICES
Jan.
100.2
100.8
99.6
100.4
100. 1
100.0
100. 6
99.9
Feb.
100.0
100.2
99.4100.2
100.2
100.0
100.7
100. 1
Mar.
99.9
99.998.7
100. 1
99.7
99.9
100. 1
99.9
Apr.
100. 0
100. 3
99.0
100. 0
99.8100. 3
100. 2
99.9
May
100.0
99.999.7
100. 0
99. 5100.2
100. 0
100. 1
June
99.8
99. 799.3
99.8
99. 3100.2
99. 7
99.9
July
99.8
99.7
99.4
99.7
99.6
100.0
99.9
100. 1
Aug.
99.7
99.4
100.2
99.7
99. 999.7
99.4
99.4
Sept.
100. 5
100.2
101.8
100. 0
100.9100.3
100.0
100.9
Oct.
100. 1
99. 3101. 7
99.8
100. 5
100. 0
99.6
100. 0
Nov.
100.0
100. 1
100.8
99. 9
100. 3
99.7
99. 5
99.8
Dec.
100. 1
100. 6
100.4
100.4
100.2
99.7
100.2
100. 1
1 See footnote 1, table L.
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Explanatory Notes
Introduction
Household Data (A tables)
Establishment Data (B, C, and D tables)
Unemployment Insurance Data (E tables)
Seasonal Adjustment
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Introduction
The statistics in this periodical are compiled from tnree majorsources: (1) Household interviews, (2) reports from employers,and (3) administrative statistics of unemployment insurancesystems.
Data based on household interviews are obtained from asample survey of the population. 16 years of age and over. Thesurvey is conducted each month by the Bureau of the Census forthe Bureau of Labor Statistics and provides comprehensive dataon the labor force, the employed and the unemployed, includingsuch characteristics as age, sex, color, marital status, occupa-tions, hours of work, and duration of unemployment. Thesurvey also provides data on the characteristics and past workexperience of those not in the labor force. The information iscollected by trained interviewers from a sample of about 47,000households, representing 461 areas in 923 counties andindependent cities, with coverage in 50 States and the District ofColumbia. The data collected are based on the activity or statusreported for the calendar week including the 12th of the month.
Data based on establishment records are compiled eachmonth from mail questionnaires by the Bureau of LaborStatistics, in cooperation with State agencies. The establishmentsurveys are designed to provide detailed industry information onnonagricultural wage and salary employment, average weeklyhours, average hourly and weekly earnings, and labor turn-over for the Nation, States, and metropolitan areas. The em-ployment, hours, and earnings series are based on payrollreports from a sample of establishments employing over30 million nonagricultural wage and salary workers. Thedata relate to all workers, full- or part-time, who receivedpay during the payroll period which includes the 12th ofthe month. Based on a somewhat smaller sample, laborturnover data relate to actions occurring during the entiremonth.
Data based on administrative records of unemploymentinsurance systems furnish a complete count of insuredunemployment among the three-fourths of the Nation's laborforce covered by unemployment insurance programs. Weeklyreports, by State, are issued on the number of initial claims, thevolume, and rate of insured unemployment under Stateunemployment insurance programs, and the volume underprograms of unemployment compensation for Federal employees,ex-Armed Forces personnel, and railroad workers. These statisticsare published by the Manpower Administration, U.S. Departmentof Labor, in "Unemployment Insurance Claims."
RELATION BETWEEN THE HOUSEHOLD ANDESTABLISHMENT SERIES
The household and establishment data supplement oneanother, each providing significant types of information that theother cannot suitably supply. Population characteristics, forexample, are readily obtained only from the household survey
whereas detailed industrial classifications can be reliably denveconly from establishment reports.
Data from these two sources differ from each other becauseof differences in definition and coverage, sources of information,methods of collection, and estimating procedures. Samplingvariability and response errors are additional reasons fordiscrepancies. The major factors which have a differential effecton levels and trends of the two series are as follows:
Employment
Coverage. The household survey definition of employmentcomprises wage and salary workers (including domestics andother private household workers), self-employed persons, andunpaid workers who worked 15 hours or more during the surveyweek in family-operated enterprises. Employment in bothagricultural and nonagricultural industries is included. Thepayroll survey covers only wage and salary employees on thepayrolls of nonagricultural establishments.
Multiple jobholding. The household approach provides informa-tion on the work status of the population without duplicationsince each person is classified as employed, unemployed, or notin the labor force. Employed persons holding more than one jobare counted only once and are classified according to the job atwhich they worked the greatest number of hours during thesurvey week. In the figures based on establishment records,persons who worked in more than one establishment during thereporting period are counted each time their names appear onpayrolls.
Unpaid absences from jobs. The household survey includesamong the employed all persons who had jobs but were not atwork during the survey week—that is, were not working but hadjobs from which they were temporarily absent because of illness,bad weather, vacation, labor-management dispute, or becausethey were taking time off for various other reasons, even if theywere not paid by their employers for the time off. In the figuresbased on payroll reports, persons on leave paid for by thecompany are included, but not those on leave without pay forthe entire payroll period.
For a comprehensive discussion of the differences betweenhousehold and establishment survey employment data, seeGloria P. Green's article "Comparing Employment Estimatesfrom Household and Payroll Surveys," Monthly Labor Review,December 1969. Reprints of this article are available uponrequest from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Hours of work
The household survey measures hours actually workedwhereas the payroll survey measures hours paid for by
158
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
employers. In the household survey data, all persons with a jobbut not at work are excluded from the hours distributions andthe computations of average hours. In the payroll survey,employees on paid vacation, paid holiday, or paid sick leave areincluded and assigned the number of hours for which they werepaid during the reporting period.
COMPARABILITY OF THE HOUSEHOLD•DATA WITH OTHER SERIES
Unemployment insurance data. The unemployed total from thehousehold survey includes all persons who did not have a job atall during the survey week and were looking for work or werewaiting to be called back to a job from which they had been laidoff, regardless of whether or not they were eligible forunemployment insurance. Figures on unemployment insuranceclaims, prepared by the Manpower Administration of theDepartment of Labor, exclude persons who have exhausted theirbenefit rights, new workers who have not earned rights tounemployment insurance, and persons losing jobs not covered byunemployment insurance systems (agriculture, some State andlocal government, domestic service, self-employment, unpaidfamily work, and religious organizations).
In addition, the qualifications for drawing unemploymentcompensation differ from the definition of unemployment usedin the household survey. For example, persons with a job butnot at work and persons working only a few hours during theweek are sometimes eligible for unemployment compensationbut are classified as employed rather than unemployed in thehousehold survey.
For an examination of the similarities and differencesbetween State insured unemployment and total unemployment,see "Measuring Total and State Insured Unemployment" byGloria P. Green in the June 1971 issue of the Monthly LaborReview. Reprints of this article may be obtained upon request.
Agricultural employment estimates of the Department of Agri-culture. The principal differences in coverage are the inclusion ofpersons under 16 in the Statistical Research Service (SRS) seriesand the treatment of dual jobholders who are counted more than
once if they worked on more than one farm during the reportingperiod. There are also wide differences in sampling techniquesand collecting and estimating methods, which cannot be readilymeasured in terms of impact on differences in level and trend ofthe two series.
COMPARABILITY OF THE PAYROLL EMPLOYMENTDATA WITH OTHER SERIES
Statistics on manufactures and business, Bureau of the Census.BLS establishment statistics on employment differ from employ-ment counts derived by the Bureau of the Census from itscensuses or annual sample surveys of manufacturing establish-ments and the censuses of business establishments. The majorreasons for some noncomparability are different treatment ofbusiness units considered parts of an establishment, such ascentral administrative offices and auxiliary units, the industrialclassification of establishments, and different reporting patternsby multiunit companies. There are also differences in the scopeof the industries covered, e.g., the Census of Business excludesprofessional services, public utilities, and financial establish-ments, whereas these are included in BLS statistics.
County Business Patterns. Data in County Business Patterns(CBP), published by the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Departmentof Commerce, differ from BLS establishment statistics in thetreatment of central administrative offices and auxiliary units.Differences may also arise because of industrial classificationand reporting practices. In addition, CBP excludes- interstaterailroads and government, and coverage is incomplete for someof the nonprofit activities.
Employment covered by State unemployment insurance pro-grams. Most nonagricultural wage and salary workers are coveredby the unemployment insurance programs. Beginning in January1972, coverage was expanded to include employees of smallfirms and selected nonprofit activities who had not been coveredpreviously. However, certain activities, such as interstate rail-roads, parochial schools, churches and most local governmentactivities are not covered by unemployment insurance whereasthese are included in BLS establishment statistics.
Household data(A tables)
COLLECTION AND COVERAGE
Statistics on the employment status of the population, thepersonal, occupational, and other characteristics of theemployed, the unemployed, and persons not in the labor force,and related data are compiled for the BLS by the Bureau of theCensus in its Current Population Survey (CPS). A detaileddescription of this survey appears in Concepts and Methods Usedin Manpower Statistics from the Current Population Survey, BLSReport 31 3. This report is available from BLS on request.
These monthly surveys of the population are conducted witha scientifically selected sample designed to represent the civiliannoninstitutional population. Respondents are interviewed to
obtain information about the employment status of eachmember of the household 16 years of age and over. Separatestatistics are also collected and published for 14 and 15 yearolds. The inquiry relates to activity or status during the calendarweek, Sunday through Saturday, which includes the 12th of themonth. This is known as the survey week. Actual fieldinterviewing is conducted in the following week.
Inmates of institutions, members of the Armed Forces, andpersons under 14 years of age are not covered in the regularmonthly enumerations and are excluded from the populationand labor force statistics shown in this report. Data on membersof the Armed Forces, who are included as part of the categories"total noninstitutional population" and "total labor force," areobtained from the Department of Defense.
159
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Each month, 47,000 occupied units are designated for
interview. About 1,700 of these households are visited but
interviews are not obtained because the occupants are not found
at home after repeated calls or are unavailable for other reasons.
This represents a noninterview rate for the survey of about 4
percent. In addition to the 47,000 occupied units, there are
7,500 sample units in an average month which are visited but
found to be vacant or otherwise not to be enumerated. Part of
the sample is changed each month. The rotation plan provides
for three-fourths of the sample to be common from 1 month to
the next, and one-half to be common with the same month a
year ago.
CONCEPTS
Employed persons comprise (a) all those who during the
survey week did any work at all as paid employees, in their own
business, profession, or farm, or who worked 15 hours or more
as unpaid workers in an enterprise operated by a member of the
family, and (b) all those who were not working but who had jobs
or businesses from which they were temporarily absent because
of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management dispute, or
personal reasons, whether or not they were paid by their
employers for the time off, and whether or not they were
seeking other jobs.
Each employed person is counted only once. Those who held
more than one job are counted in the job at which they worked
the greatest number of hours during the survey week.
Included in the total are employed citizens of foreign
countries, temporarily in the United States, who are not living
on the premises of an Embassy.
Excluded are persons whose only activity consisted of work
around the house (such as own home housework, and painting or
repairing own home) or volunteer work for religious, charitable,
and similar organizations.
Unemployed persons comprise all persons who did not work
during the survey week, who made specific efforts to find a job
within the past 4 weeks, and who were available for work during
the survey week (except for temporary illness). Also included as
unemployed are those who did not work at all, were available for
work, and (a) were waiting to be called back to a job from which
they had been laid off; or (b) were waiting to report to a new
wage or salary job within 30 days.
Duration of unemployment represents the length of time
(through the current survey week) during which persons classi-
fied as unemployed had been continuously looking for work.
For persons on layoff, duration of unemployment represents the
number of full weeks since the termination of their most recent
employment. A period of 2 weeks or more during which a
person was employed or ceased looking for work is considered to
break the continuity of the present period of seeking work.
Average duration is an arithmetic mean computed from a
distribution by single weeks of unemployment.
Unemployed persons by reasons for unemployment are
divided into four major groups. (1) Job losers are persons whose
employment ended involuntarily who immediately began
looking for work and persons on layoff. (2) Job leavers are
persons who quit or otherwise terminated their employment
voluntarily and immediately began looking for work.
(3) Reentrants are persons who previously worked at a full-time
job lasting 2 weeks or longer but who were out of the labor force
prior to beginning to look for work. (4) New entrants are
persons who never worked at a full-time job lasting 2 weeks or
longer.
Jobseekers are all unemployed persons who made specific
efforts to find a job, sometime during the 4-week period
preceding the survey week. Jobseekers do not include persons
unemployed because they (a) were waiting to be called back to a
job from which they had been laid off or (b) were waiting to
report to a new wage or salary job within 30 days. Jobseekers are
grouped by the methods used to seek work, including going to a
public or private employment agency or to an employer directly,
seeking assistance from friends or relatives, placing or answering
ads, or utilizing some "other" method. Examples of the "other"
category include being on a union or professional register,
obtaining assistance from a community organization, or waiting
at a designated pick-up point.
The civilian labor force comprises the total of all civilians
classified as employed or unemployed in accordance with the
criteria described above. The "total labor force" also includes
members of the Armed Forces stationed either in the United
States or abroad.
The unemployment rate represents the number unemployed
as a percent of the civilian labor force. This measure can also be
computed for groups within the labor force classified by sex,
age, marital status, color, etc. The job-loser, job-leaver, reentrant,
and new entrant rates are each calculated as a percent of the
civilian labor force; the sum of the rates for the four groups thus
equals the total unemployment rate.
Participation rates represent the proportion of the non-
mstitutional population that is in the labor force. Two types of
participation rates are published. The total labor force participa-
tion rate, which is the ratio of the total labor force and the total
noninstitutional population; and the civilian labor force
participation rate, which is the ratio of the civilian labor force
and the civilian noninstitutional population. Participation rates
are usually published for sex-age groups, often cross-classified by
other demographic characteristics such as color and educational
attainment.
Not in labor force includes all civilians 16 years and over who
are not classified as employed or unemployed. These persons are
further classified as "engaged in own home housework," "in
school," "unable to work" because of long-term physical or
mental illness, and "other." The "other" group includes for the
most part retired persons, those reported as too old to work, the
voluntarily idle, and seasonal workers for whom the survey week
fell jn an "off" season and who were not reported as
unemployed. Persons doing only incidental unpaid family work
(less than 15 hours) are also classified as not in the labor force.
For persons not in the labor force, data on previous work
experience, intentions to seek work again, desire for a job at the
time of interview, and reasons for not looking for work are
compiled on a quarterly basis. As of January 1970, the detailed
questions for persons not in the labor force are asked only in
those households that are in the fourth and eighth months of the
sample, i.e., the "outgoing" groups, those which had been in the
sample for 3 previous months and would net be in for the
subsequent month. Between 1967 and 1969, the detailed
not-in-labor force questions were asked of persons in the first
and fifth months in the sample, i.e., the "incoming" groups.
Occupation, industry, and class of worker for the employed
apply to the job held in the survey week. Persons with two or
more jobs are classified in the job at which they worked the
greatest number of hours during the survey week. The
unemployed are classified according to their latest full-time
civilian job lasting 2 weeks or more. The occupation and
industry groups used in data derived from the CPS household
interviews are defined as in the 1970 Census of Population.
160
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Information on the detailed categories included in these groupsis available upon request.
The class-of-worker breakdown specifies "wage and salaryworkers," subdivided into private and government workers,"self-employed workers," and "unpaid family workers." Wageand salary workers receive wages, salary, commission, tips, orpay in kind from a private employer or from a government unit.Self-employed persons are those who work for profit or fees intheir own business, profession, or trade, or operate a farm.Unpaid family workers are persons working without pay for 15hours a week or more on a farm or in a business operated by amember of the household to whom they are related by blood ormarriage.
Hours of work statistics relate to the actual number of hoursworked during the survey week. For example, a person whonormally works 40 hours a week but who was off on theColumbus Day holiday would be reported as working 32 hourseven though he was paid for the holiday.
For persons working in more than one job, the figures relateto the number of hours worked in all jobs during the week.However, all the hours are credited to the major job.
The distribution of employment by hours worked relate topersons "at work" during the survey week. At-work data differfrom data on total employment because the latter includepersons in zero-hours worked category, "with a job but not atwork." Included in this latter group are persons who were onvacation, ill, involved in a labor dispute, or otherwise absentfrom their jobs for voluntary, noneconomic reasons.
Persons who worked 35 hours or more in the survey week aredesignated as working "full time;" persons who worked between1 and 34 hours are designated as working "part time." Part-timeworkers are classified by their usual status at their present job(either full time or part time) and by their reason for workingpart time during the survey week (economic or other reasons)."Economic reasons" include: Slack work, material shortages,repairs to plant or equipment, start or termination of job duringthe week, and inability to find full-time work. "Other reasons"include: Labor dispute, bad weather, own illness, vacation,demands of home housework, school, no desire for full-timework, and full-time worker only during peak season. Persons onfull-time schedules include, in addition to those working 35hours or more, those who worked from 1-34 hours fornoneconomic reasons and usually work full time.
Full- and part-time labor force. The full-time labor force consistsof persons working on full-time schedules, persons involuntarilyworking part time (part time for economic reasons), andunemployed persons seeking full-time jobs. The part-time laborforce consists of persons working part time voluntarily andunemployed persons seeking part-time work. Persons with a jobbut not at work during the survey week are classified accordingto whether they usually work full or part time.
Labor force time lost is a measure of aggregate hours lost tothe economy through unemployment and involuntary part-timeemployment and is expressed as a percent of potentially availableaggregate hours. It is computed by assuming: (1) That un-employment persons looking for full-time work lost an averageof 37.5 hours, (2) that those looking for part-time work lost theaverage number of hours actually worked by voluntary part-timeworkers during the survey week, and (3) that persons on parttime for economic reasons lost the difference between 37.5hours and the actual number of hours they worked.
White and Negro and other races are terms used to describethe color or race of workers. The Negro and other races
category, which in the past had been identified as "nonwhite,"includes all persons who are observed in the enumeration processto be other than white. At the time of the 1970 Census ofPopulation, 89 percent of the Negro and other races populationgroup were Negro; the remainder were American Indians,Eskimos, Orientals, and other nonwhite. Tables in this volumewhich contain these data utilize the word "color" to so indicate.The term "Negro" is used in tables when the relevant data areprovided for Negroes exclusively.
Spanish origin refers to persons who identified themselvesin the enumeration process as Mexican, Puerto Rican living onthe mainland, Cuban, Central or South American or otherSpanish origin or descent. According to the 1970 Census,approximately 98 percent of their population is white.
Major activity: going to school and major activity: other areterms used to describe whether the activity of young personsduring the reference week was primarily one of going to schoolor not. Statistics on major activities are published every monthin table A-6 for 16-21 year-olds by employment status, color,sex, and, if unemployed, whether seeking full- or part-time work.
Household head. One person in each household is designated asthe head. The head is usually the person regarded as the head bythe members of the group. If a husband and wife family occupythe unit, the husband is designated as the head. The number ofheads, therefore, is equal to the number of households.
Vietnam-era veterans are those who served in the ArmedForces of the United States after August 4, 1964. Tables forveterans in this volume are limited to males in the civiliannoninstitutional population; i.e., veterans in institutions andfemales are excluded.
Nonveterans are males who never served in the ArmedForces.
Poverty areas classification consists of all Census geograph-ical divisions in which 20 percent or more of the residents werepoor according to the 1970 Decennial Census. Persons wereclassified as poor or nonpoor by using income thresholdsadopted by a Federal interagency committee in 1969. Thesethresholds vary by family size, composition, and residence(farm-nonfarm). While poverty areas have a substantial con-centration of low-income residents, many poor persons live out-side these areas and, conversely, the areas include many peoplewho are not poor.
HISTORIC COMPARABILITY
Raised lower age limit
Beginning with data for 1967, the lower age limit for officialstatistics on persons in the labor force was raised from 14 to 16years. At the same time, several definitions were sharpened toclear up ambiguities. The principal definitional changes were:(1) Counting as unemployed only persons who were currentlyavailable for work and who had engaged in some specificjobseeking activity within the past 4 weeks; an exception to thelatter condition is made for persons waiting to start a new job in30 days or waiting to be recalled from layoff; in the past, thecurrent availability test was not applied and the time period forjobseeking was ambiguous; (2) counting as employed personswho were absent from their jobs in the survey week because ofstrikes, bad weather, etc. and those who were looking for otherjobs; previously, these persons had been classified asunemployed; (3) sharpening the questions on hours of work,
161
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
duration of unemployment, and self-employment in order toincrease their reliability.
These changes did not affect the unemployment rate by morethan one-fifth of a percentage point in either direction, althoughthe distribution of unemployment by sex was affected. Thenumber of employed was reduced about 1 million because of theexclusion of 14-and 15-year-olds. For persons 16 years and over,the only employment series appreciably affected were thoserelating to hours of work and class of worker. A detaileddiscussion of the changes and their effect on the various series iscontained in "New Definitions of Employment and Unemployment" by Robert L. Stein in the February 1967 issue of Employ-ment and Earnings and Monthly Report on the Labor Force. Re-prints may be obtained upon request.
Noncomparability of labor force levels
Before the changes introduced m 1967, the tabor force datawere not comparable for three earlier periods: (1) Beginning1953, as a result of the introduction of data from the 1950census into the estimation procedure, population levels wereraised by about 600,000; labor force, total employment, andagricultural employment by about 350,000, primarily affectingthe figures for totals and males; other categories were relativeunaffected; (2) beginning 1960, the inclusion of Alaska andHawaii resulted in an increase of about 500,000 in thepopulation and about 300,000 in the labor force, four-fifths ofthis in nonagncultural employment; other labor force categorieswere not appreciably affected; (3) beginning 1962, the introduc-tion of figures from the 1960 census reduced the population byabout 50,000, labor force and employment by about 200,000;unemployment totals were virtually unchanged. In addition,beginning 1972, information from the 1970 census was intro-duced into the estimation procedures, producing an increase inthe civilian nonmstitutional population of about 800,000; laborforce and employment totals were raised by a little more than300,000, and unemployment levels and rates were essentiallyunchanged. A subsequent population adjustment based on the1970 census was introduced in March 1973. This adjustmentaffected the white and Negro and other races groups but hadlittle effect on totals. The adjustment resulted in the reductionof nearly 300,000 m the white population and an increase of thesame magnitude in the Negro and other races populationCivilian labor force and total employment figures were affectedto a lesser degree; the white labor force was reduced by 150,000,and the Negro and other races labor force rose by about210,000. Unemployment levels and rates were not affectedsignificantly.
Beginning in January 1974, the methodology used to pre-pare independent estimates of the civilian noninstitutionalpopulation was modified to an "inflation-deflation" approach.This change in the derivation of the population estimates hadits greatest impact on estimates of 20-24 year-old males—particularly those of Negro and other races—but had little effecton 16 and over totals. Additional information on the adjustmentprocedure appears in "CPS Population Controls Derived fromInflation-Deflation Method of Estimation" in the February 1974issue of Employment and Earnings.
Effective July 1975, as a result of the immigration of Viet-namese refugees into the United States, the total and Negro-and-other races independent population controls for persons 16years and over were adjusted upward by 76,000—30,000 malesand 46,000 females. The addition of the refugees increasedthe Negro-and-other-races population by less than 1 percent
in any age-sex group, and all of the changes were in the "otherraces" population.
Changes in occupational classification system
Beginning with 1971, the comparability of occupationalemployment data was affected as a result of changes in censusoccupational classifications introduced into the Current Popula-tion Survey (CPS). These changes stemmed from an exhaustivereview of the classification system to be used for the 1970Census of Population. This review, the most comprehensive sincethe 1940 census, was to reduce the size of large groups, to bemore specific about general and "not elsewhere classified"groups, and to provide information on emerging significantoccupations. Differences in March 1970 employment levelstabulated on both the 1960 and 1970 classification systemsranged from a drop of 650,000 in operatives to an increase of570,000 in service workers, much of which resulted from a shiftbetween these two groups; the nonfarm laborers group increasedby 420,000, and changes in other groups amounted to 220,000or less.
An additional major group was created by splitting theoperatives category into two: operatives, except transport, andtransport equipment operatives. Separate data for these twogroups first became available in January 1972. At the same time,several changes in titles, as well as in order of presentation, wereintroduced; for example, the title of the managers, officials, andproprietors group was changed to "managers and administrators,except farm," since only proprietors performing managerialduties are included in the category.
Apart from the effects of revisions in the occupationalclassification system beginning in 1971, comparability ofoccupational employment data was further affected in December1971, when a question eliciting information on major activitiesor duties was added to the monthly CPS questionnaire in orderto determine more precisely the occupational classification ofindividuals. This change resulted in several dramatic occupationalshifts, particularly from managers and administrators to othergroups. Thus, meaningful comparisons of occupational levelscannot be made between 1972 and earlier periods. However,revisions in the occupational classification system as well as inthe CPS questionnaire are believed to have had but a negligibleimpact on unemployment rates.
Additional information on changes in the occupationalclassification system of the CPS appears in "Revisions inOccupational Classifications for 1971" and "Revisions in theCurrent Population Survey" in the February 1971 and February1972 issues, respectively, of Employment and Earnings.
ESTIMATING METHODS
Under the estimation methods used in the CPS, all of theresults for a given month become available simultaneously andare based on returns from the entire panel of respondents. Thereare no subsequent adjustments to independent benchmark dataon labor force, employment, or unemployment. Therefore,revisions of the historical data are not an inherent feature of thisstatistical program.
1. Noninterview adjustment. The weights for all interviewedhouseholds are adjusted to the extent needed to account foroccupied sample households for which no information wasobtained because of absence, impassable roads, refusals, orunavailability of the respondent for other reasons. This adjust-ment is made separately by combinations of sample areas and,wtthtn these, for six groups-two race categories (white, and
162
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Negro and other races) within three residence categories. Forsample areas which are standard metropolitan statistical areas(SMSA's), these residence categories are the central cities, andthe urban and the rural balance of the SMSA's. For other sampleareas, the residence categories are urban, rural nonfarm, andrural farm. The proportion of sample households not interviewedvaries from 3 to 5 percent depending on weather, vacations, etc.
2. Ratio estimates. The distribution of the population selectedfor the sample may differ somewhat, by chance, from that of theNation as a whole, in such characteristics as age, color, sex, andresidence. Since these population characteristics are closelycorrelated with labor force participation and other principalmeasurements made from the sample, the latter estimates can besubstantially improved when weighted appropriately by theknown distribution of these population characteristics. This isaccomplished through two stages of ratio estimates as follows:
a. First-stage ratio estimate. This is a procedure in which thesample proportions are weighted by the known 1970 Censusdata on the color-residence distribution of the population. Thisstep takes into account the differences existing at the time of the1970 Census between the color-residence distribution for theNation and for the sample areas.
b. Second-stage ratio estimate. In this step, the sample pro-portions are applied to independent current estimates of thepopulation by age, sex, and color. Prior to January 1974 theseestimates were prepared by carrying forward the most recentcensus data (1970) after taking account of subsequent agingof the population, births, deaths, and migration between theUnited States and other countries.
Beginning in 1974, the "inflation-deflation" method ofderiving independent population controls was introduced intothe CPS estimation procedures. In this procedure, the mostrecent census population adjusted to include estimated netcensus undercount by age, sex, and color (i.e., "inflated") iscarried forward to each subsequent month and later age byadding births, subtracting deaths, and adding net migration.These postcensal population estimates are then "deflated" tocensus level to reflect the pattern of net undercount in themost recent census by age, sex, and color. The actual percentchange over time in the population in any age group is preserved.
3. Composite estimate procedure. In deriving statistics for agiven month, a composite estimating procedure is used whichtakes account of net changes from the previous month forcontinuing parts of the sample (75 percent) as well as the sampleresults for the current month. This procedure reduces thesampling variability of month-to-month changes especially andof the levels for most items also.
Rounding of estimates
The sums of individual items may not always equal the totalsshown in the same tables because of independent rounding oftotals and components to the nearest thousand. Differences,however, are insignificant.
Reliability of the estimates
Since the estimates are based on a sample, they may differfrom the figures that would have been obtained if it werepossible to take a complete census using the same schedules andprocedures.
The standard error is a measure of sampling variability, thatis, the variations that might occur by chance because only asample of the population is surveyed. The chances are about 2
out of 3 that an estimate from the sample would differ from acomplete census by less than the standard error. The chances areabout 19 out of 20 that the difference would be less than twicethe standard error.
Table A shows the average standard error for the majoremployment status categories, by sex, computed from data forpast months. Estimates of change derived from the survey arealso subject to sampling variability. The standard error of changefor consecutive months is also shown in table A. The standarderrors of level shown in table A are acceptable approximations ofthe standard errors of year-to-year change.
Table A. Average standard error of major employmentstatus categories
[In thousands]
Employment status and sex
BOTH SEXES
Labor forceTotal employment
AgricultureNonagricultural
employmentUnemployment
MALE
Labor forceTotal employment
AgricultureNonagricultural
employmentUnemployment
FEMALE
Labor forceTotal employment
AgricultureNonagricultural
employmentUnemployment
Average standard error of—
Monthly level
2052 1 0
9 5
2 1 09 0
115125
8 5
13070
140140
35
14060
Month-tomonth change(consecutive
months only)
150155
60
1559 5
9 5100
55
1058 0
110110
2 5
11070
The figures presented in table B are to be used for othercharacteristics and are approximations of the standard errors of
Table B. Standard error of level of monthly estimates
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
all'such characteristics. They should be interpreted as providingan indication of the order of magnitude of the standard errorsrather than as the precise standard error for any specific item.
The standard erro** of the change in an item from one monthto the next month is more closely related to the standard errorof the monthly level for that item than to the size of the specificmonth-to-month change itself. Thus, in order to use theapproximations to the standard errors of month-to-monthchanges as presented in table C, it is first necessary to obtain thestandard error of the monthly level of the item in table B, andthen find the standard error of the month-to-month change intable C corresponding to this standard error of level. It should benoted that table C applies to estimates of change between 2consecutive months. For changes between the current monthand the same month last year, the standard errors of level shownin table B are acceptable approximations.
Illustration. Assume that the tables showed the total number ofpersons working a specific number of hours as 15,000,000, anincrease of 500,000 over the previous month. Linear interpola-tion in the first column of table B shows that the standard errorof 15,000,000 is about 133,000. Consequently, the chances areabout 68 out of 100 that the sample estimate differs by less than133,000 from the figure wnich would have been obtained from acomplete count of the number of persons working the givennumber of hours. Using the 133,000 as the standard error of themonthly level in table C, it may be seen that the standard errorof the 500,000 increase is about 126,000.
Table C. Standard error of estimates of month-to-monthchange
[In thousands]
Table D. Standard error of percentage
Standard error ofmonthly level1
10 .2550100 .150 .2 0 0250300
Standard error ofmonth-to-month change
122855
100140155160190
The reliability of an estimated percentage, computed byusing sample data for both numerator and denominator, dependsupon both the size of the percentage and the size of the totalupon which the percentage is based. Where the numerator is asubclass of the denominator, estimated percentages are relativelymore reliable than the corresponding absolute estimates of thenumerator of the percentage, particularly if the percentage islarge (50 percent or greater) Table D shows the standard errorsfor percentages derived from the survey. Linear interpolationmay be used for percentages and base figures not shown intable D. As a general rule, percentages will not be publishedwhen the monthly base is less than 75,000 or the annual base isless than 35,000. Table E shows the standard error of percentageof monthly levels and consecutive month change for frequentlyanalyzed unemployment rate series. These errors are computedfrom data for recent months. Errors on change for nonconsecu-tive months are slightly greater (by roughly a factor of 1.1 timesthe month-to-month error).
Total (all civilian workers)Men, 20 years and overWomen, 20 years and overBoth sexes, 16-19 yearsWhite workersNegro (and other races) workers .Household headsMarried menFull-time workersPart-time workersUnemployed 15 weeks and over. .Labor force time lost
OCCUPATION
White-collar workersProfessional and technicalManagers and administratorsexcept farm
Sales workersClerical workers
Blue-collar workersCraft and kindred workersOperativesNonfarm laborers
Service workersFarm workers
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and
salary workersConstructionManufacturing
Durable goodsNondurable goods
Transportation and public utilitiesWholesale and retail tradeFinance and service industries . . .
Government wage and salary workersAgricultural wage and salary workers .
Monthlylevel
0.09.10.16.50.09.36.09.09.09.32.04.10
.11
.18
.14
.34
.21
.16
.23
.24
.52
.27
.37
Consecutivemonthchange
0.11.12.19.64.11.45.11.11.11.40.05.12
.13
.22
.18
.42
.25
.20
.28
.30
.65
.34
.45
11521821303324201897
.13
.66
.22
.26
.37
.40
.30
.24
.221.23
164
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Establishment data(B, C, and D tables)
COLLECTION
Payroll reports provide current information on wage andsalary employment, hours, earnings, and labor turnover innonagricultural establishments, by industry and geographiclocation.
Federal-State cooperation
Under cooperative arrangements with State agencies, therespondent fills out a single employment or labor turnoverreporting form, which is then used for national, State, andarea estimates. This eliminates duplicate reporting on thepart of respondents and, together with the use of identicaltechniques at the national and State levels, insures maximumcomparability of estimates.
State agencies mail the forms to the establishments andexamine the returns for consistency, accuracy, and complete-ness. The States use the information to prepare State and areaseries and then send the establishment data to the BLS for use inpreparing the national series.
Shuttle schedules
Two types of data collection schedules are used: Form BLS790-Monthly Report on Employment, Payroll, and Hours; andForm DL 1219—Monthly Report on Labor Turnover. Theseschedules are of the "shuttle" type, with space for each monthof the calendar year. The collection agency returns the scheduleto the respondent each month so that the next month's datacan be entered. This procedure assures maximum comparabilityand accuracy of reporting, since the respondent can see thefigures he has reported for previous months.
Form BLS 790 provides for entry of data on the number offull- and part-time workers on the payrolls of nonagriculturalestablishments and, for most industries, payroll and hours ofproduction and related workers or nonsupervisory workers forthe pay period which includes the 12th of the month. Form DL1219 provides for the collection of information on the totalnumber of accessions and separations, by type, during thecalendar month.
CONCEPTS
Industrial classification
Establishments reporting on Form BLS 790 and Form DL1219 are classified into industries on the basis of their principalproduct or activity determined from information on annual salesvolume. This information is collected each year on a supplementto the monthly 790 or 1219 report. For an establishmentmaking more than one product or engaging in more than oneactivity, the entire employment of the establishment is includedunder the industry indicated by the most important product oractivity.
All national, State, and area employment, hours, earnings,and labor turnover series are classified in accordance with theStandard Industrial Classification Manual, Bureau of the Budget,1967.
Industry employment
Employment data, except those for the Federal Government,refer to persons on establishment payrolls who received pay forany part of the pay period which includes the 12th of themonth. For Federal Government establishments, employmentfigures represent the number of persons who occupied positionson the last day of the calendar month. Intermittent workers arecounted if they performed any service during the month.
The data exclude proprietors, the self-employed, unpaidvolunteer or family workers, farm workers, and domesticworkers in households. Salaried officers of corporations areincluded. Government employment covers only civilianemployees; military personnel are excluded.
Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paid sick leave(when pay is received directly from the firm), on paid holiday orpaid vacation, or who work during a part of the pay period andare unemployed or on strike during the rest of the period, arecounted as employed. Not counted as employed are persons whoare laid off, on leave without pay, or on strike for the entireperiod or who are hired but have not been paid during theperiod.
Industry hours and earnings
Average hours and earnings data are derived from reports ofpayrolls and hours for production and related workers in manu-facturing and mining, construction workers in contract construc-tion, and nonsupervisory employees in the remaining privatenonagricultural components. For Federal Government, hoursand earnings relate to all employees, both supervisory andnonsupervisory. Terms are defined below. When the pay periodreported is longer than 1 week, figures are reduced to a weeklybasis.
Production and related workers include working supervisorsand all nonsupervisory workers (including group leaders andtrainees) engaged in fabricating, processing, assembling, inspec-tion, receiving, storage, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping,maintenance, repair, janitorial and guard services, productdevelopment, auxiliary production for plant's own use (e.g.,power plant), and recordkeeping and other services closelyassociated with the above production operations.
Construction workers include the following employees inthe contract construction division: Working supervisors, qualifiedcraft workers, mechanic's apprentices, laborers, etc., whetherworking at the site of construction or in shops or yards, at jobs(such as precutting and preassembling) ordinarily performed bymembers of the construction trades.
Nonsupervisory employees include employees (not above theworking supervisory level) such as office and clerical workers,repairers, salespersons, operators, drivers, physicians, lawyers,accountants, nurses, social workers, research aids, teachers,drafters, photographers, beauticians, musicians, restaurant work-ers, custodial workers, attendants, line installers and repairers,laborers, janitors, guards, and similar occupational levels, andother employees whose services are closely associated with thoseof the employees listed.
Payroll covers the payroll for full- and part-time production,construction, or nonsupervisory workers who received pay for
165
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
any part of the pay period which includes the 12th of themonth. The payroll is reported before deductions of any kind,e.g., for old-age and unemployment insurance, group insurance,withholding tax, bonds or union dues; also included is pay forovertime, holidays, vacations, and sick leave paid directly by thefirm. Bonuses (unless earned and paid regularly each pay period),other pay not earned in the pay period reported (e.g., retroactivepay), tips, and the value of free rent, fuel, meals, or otherpayment in kind are excluded. "Fringe benefits" (such as healthand other types of insurance, contributions to retirement, etc.paid by the employer) are also excluded.
Hours cover the hours paid for, during the pay period whichincludes the 12th of the month, for production, construction, ornonsupervisory workers. Included are hours paid for holidaysand vacations, and for sick leave when pay is received directlyfrom the firm.
Overtime hours cover hours worked by production or relatedworkers for which overtime premiums were paid because thehours were in excess of the number of hours of either thestraight-time workday or the workweek during the pay periodwhich includes the 12th of the month. Weekend and holidayhours are included only if overtime premiums were paid. Hoursfor which only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or othersimilar types of premiums were paid are excluded.
Gross average hourly and weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings are on a "gross" basis, reflecting notonly changes in basic hourly and incentive wage rates but alsosuch variable factors as premium pay for overtime and late-shiftwork and changes in output of workers paid on an incentiveplan. Shifts in the volume of employment between relativelyhigh-paid and low-paid work and changes in workers' earnings inindividual establishments also affect the general earningsaverages. Averages for groups and divisions further reflectchanges in average hourly earnings for individual industries.
Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage rates. Earningsare the actual return to the worker for a stated period of time;rates are the amounts stipulated for a given unit of work or time.The earnings series does not measure the level of total labor costson the part of the employer since the following are excluded:Irregular bonuses, retroactive items, payments of various welfarebenefits, payroll taxes paid by employers, and earnings for thoseemployees not covered under the production-worker,construction-worker, or nonsupervisory-employee definitions.
Gross average weekly earnings are derived by multiplyingaverage weekly hours by average hourly earnings. Therefore,weekly earnings are affected not only by changes in gross averagehourly earnings but also by changes in the length of theworkweek. Monthly variations in such factors as proportion ofpart-time workers, stoppages for varying causes, labor turnoverduring the survey period, and absenteeism for which employeesare not paid may cause the average workweek to fluctuate.
Long-term trends of gross average weekly earnings can beaffected by structural changes in the makeup of the work force.For example, persistent long-term increases in the proportion ofpart-time workers in retail trade and many of the serviceindustries have reduced average workweeks in these industriesand have affected the average weekly earnings series.
Average weekly hours
The workweek information relates to the average hours forwhich pay was received and is different from standard or
scheduled hours. Such factors as unpaid absenteeism, laborturnover, part-time work, and stoppages cause average weeklyhours to be lower than scheduled hours of work for anestablishment. Group averages further reflect changes in theworkweek of component industries.
Average overtime hours
The overtime hours represent the portion of the gross averageweekly hours which were in excess of regular hours and forwhich overtime premiums were paid. If an employee worked ona paid holiday at regular rates, receiving as total compensationhis holiday pay plus straight-time pay for hours worked that day,no overtime hours would be reported.
Since overtime hours are premium hours by definition, grossweekly hours and overtime hours do not necessarily move in thesame direction from month-to-month; for example, overtimepremiums may be paid for hours in excess of the straight-timeworkday although less than a full week is worked. Diverse trendsat the industry-group level also may be caused by a markedchange in gross hours for a component industry where little orno overtime was worked in both the previous and currentmonths. In addition, such factors as stoppages, absenteeism, andlabor turnover may not have the same influence on overtimehours as on gross hours.
Hours and earnings for total privatenonagricultural industries
This series covers all nonagricultural industry divisions exceptgovernment. The principal source of payroll data is Form BLS790. Secondary source material such as the Bureau's Employ-ment and Wages, County Business Patterns of the Bureau of theCensus, and additional supporting information such as TheHospital Guide, Part I I , of the American Hospital Associationand special studies by the National Council of Churchessupplement data for certain industry groups within the servicedivision.
For a technical description of this series, see the article,"Hours and Earnings for Workers in Private NonagriculturalIndustries," published in the May 1967 issue of Employmentand Earnings and Monthly Report on the Labor Force. Reprintsare available upon request.
Railroad hours and earnings
The figures for class I railroads (excluding switching andterminal companies) are based on monthly data summarized inthe M-300 report of the Interstate Commerce Commission andrelate to all employees except executives, officials, and staffassistants (ICC group I) who received pay during the month.Gross average hourly earnings are computed by dividing totalcompensation by total hours paid for. Average weekly hours areobtained by dividing the total.number of hours paid for, reducedto a weekly basis, by the number of employees, as definedabove. Gross average weekly earnings are derived by multiplyingaverage weekly hours by average hourly earnings.
Spendable average weekly earnings
Spendable average weekly earnings in current dollars areobtained by deducting estimated Federal social security andincome taxes from average weekly earnings. The amount of
166
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
income tax liability depends on the number of dependentssupported by the worker and his marital status, as well as on thelevei of his gross income. To reflect these variables, spendableearnings are computed for a worker with no dependents and amarried worker with three dependents. The computations arebased on gross average weekly earnings for all production ornonsupervisory workers in the industry division excluding otherincome and income earned by other family members.
The series reflects the spendable earnings of only thoseworkers, with either none or three dependents, whose grossweekly pay approximates the average earnings indicated for allproduction and nonsupervisory workers. It does not reflect, forexample, the average earnings of ail workers with threedependents; such workers, in fact have higher gross averageearnings than workers with no dependents.
Since part-time as well as full-time workers are included, andsince the proportion of part-time workers has been rising, theseries understates the increase in earnings for full-time workers.As noted, "fringe benefits" are not included in the earnings. Fora more complete discussion of the uses and limitations of theseseries, see the article by Paul M. Schwab, "Two Measures ofPurchasing Power Contrasted," in the Monthly Labor Review forApril 1971 . Reprints of this article are available from the Bureauof Labor Statistics.
"Real" earnings are computed by dividing the currentConsumer Price Index into the earnings averages for the currentmonth. This is done for gross average weekly earnings and forspendable average weekly earnings. The level of earnings is thusadjusted for changes in purchasing power since the base period(1967).
Average hourly earnings excluding overtime
Average hourly earnings excluding overtime premium pay arecomputed by dividing the total production-worker payroll forthe industry group by the sum of, total production-workerhours and one-half of total overtime hours. Prior to January1956, these data were based on the application of adjust-ment factors to gross average hourly earnings (as describedin the Monthly Labor Review, May 1950, pp. 537-540). Bothmethods eliminate only the earnings due to overtime paid for at1 Va times the straight time rates. No adjustment is made forother premium payment provisions, such as holiday work,late-shift work and overtime rates other than time and one-half.
Indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls and hours
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls and hours areprepared by dividing the current month's aggregate by themonthly average for the 1967 period. The hour aggregatesare the product of average weekly hours and production-workeror nonsupervisory worker employment, and the payroll aggre-gates are the product of hour aggregates and average hourlyearnings. At all higher levels of aggregation, hour and payrollaggregates are the sum of the component aggregates.
Indexes of diffusion of changes in number of employees onnonagricultural payroll
These indexes measure the percent of industries whichposted increases in employment over the specified time span.The indexes are calculated from 172 unpublished seasonallyadjusted employment series (two-digit nonmanufacturing indus-tires and three-digit manufacturing industries) covering all non-agricultural payroll employment in the private sector. A more
detailed discussion of these indexes appears in "Introduction ofDiffusion Indexes," in the December, 1974 issue of Employmentand Earnings.
Labor turnover
Labor turnover is the gross movement of wage and salaryworkers into and out of employed status with respect toindividual establishments. This movement, which relates to acalendar month, is divided into two broad types: Accessions(new hires and rehires) and separations (terminations of employ-ment initiated by either employer or employee). Each type ofaction is cumulated for a calendar month and expressed as a rateper 100 employees. The data relate to all employees, whetherfull- or part-time, permanent or temporary, including executive,office, sales, other salaried personnel, and production workers.Transfers to another establishment of the company are included,beginning with January 1959.
Accessions are the total number of permanent and temporaryadditions to the employment roll, including both new andrehired employees.
New hires are temporary or permanent additions to theemployment roll of persons who have never before beenemployed in the establishment (except employees transferringfrom another establishment of the same company) or of formeremployees not recalled by the employer.
Other accessions, which are not published separately but areincluded in total accessions, are all additions to the employmentroll which are not classified as new hires, including transfersfrom other establishments of the company and employeesrecalled from layoff.
Separations are terminations of employment during thecalendar month and are classified according to cause: Quits,layoffs, and other separations, are defined as follows:
Quits are terminations of employment initiated byemployees, failure to report after being hired, and unauthorizedabsences, if on the last day of the month the person has'beenabsent more than 7 consecutive calendar days.
Layoffs are suspensions without pay lasting or expected tolast more than 7 consecutive calendar days, initiated by theemployer without prejudice to the worker
Other separations, which are not published separately but areincluded in total separations, are terminations of employmentbecause of discharge, permanent disability, death, retirement,transfers to another establishment of the company, and entranceinto the Armed Forces for a period expected to last more than30 consecutive calendar days.
Relationship of labor turnover to employment series
Month-to-month changes in total employment in manu-facturing industries reflected by labor turnover rates are notcomparable with the changes shown in the Bureau's employmentseries for the following reasons: (1) Accessions and separationsare computed for the entire calendar month; the employmentreports refer to the pay period which includes the 12th of themonth; and (2) employees on strike are not counted as turnoveractions although such employees are excluded from the employ-ment estimates if the work stoppage extends through the reportperiod.
167
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
ESTIMATING METHODSThe principal features of the procedure used to estimate
employment for the industry statistics are (1) the use of the"link relative" technique, which is a form of ratio estimation,(2) periodic adjustment of employment levels to new bench-marks, and (3) the use of size and regional stratification.
The "link relative" technique
From a sample composed of establishments reporting forboth the previous and current months, the ratio of current
month employment to that of the previous month is computed.This is called a link relative. The estimates of employment (allemployees, including production and nonproduction workerstogether) for the current month are obtained by multiplying theestimates for the previous month by these "link relatives." Inaddition, small bias correction factors are applied to selectedemployment estimates each month. The size of the biascorrection factors is determined from past experience. Otherfeatures of the general procedures are described in table F,Summary of methods for computing industry statistics onemployment, hours, earnings, and labor turnover.
Table F. Summary of methods for computing industry statistics on employment, hours, and labor turnover
Basic estimating cell (industry, region,
size, or region/size cell)
Aggregate industry levels (divisions, groups
and, where stratified, individual cells)
Monthly data
All employees
Production or nonsupervisory
workers, women employees
Gross average weekly hours . . .
Average weekly overtime hours .
Gross average hourly earnings
Gross average weekly earnings .
All employees and production or
nonsupervisory workers
Gross average weekly hours
Average weekly overtime hours .
Gross average hourly earnings
Gross average weekly earnings .
Labor turnover rates . . .
All-employee estimate for previous month
multiplied by ratio of all employees in
current month to all employees in
p r e v i o u s m o n t h , f o r sample
establishments which reported for both
months.
All-employee estimate for current month
multiplied by (1) ratio of production or
nonsupervisory workers to all employees
in sample establishments for current
month, (2) ratio of women to all
employees.
Product ion or nonsupervisory worker
hours divided °V number of
production or nonsupervisory workers.
Product ion worker overtime hours
divided by number of production
workers
Total production or nonsupervisory workerpayroll divided by total production- ornonsupervisory worker hours.
Product of gross average weekly hours and
average hourly earnings.
The number of particular actions (e.g., quits)in reporting establishments divided bytotal employment in those firms. Theresult is multiplied by 100.
Sum of all employee
component cells.
estimates for
Sum of production or nonsupervisory
worker estimates, or estimates of women
employees, for component cells.
Average, weighted by production or
nonsupervisory worker employment, of
the average weekly hours for component
cells.
Average, weighted by production worker
employment, of the average weekly
overtime hours for component cells.
Average, weighted by aggregate hours,of the average hourly earnings forcomponent cells.
Product of gross average weekly hours andaverage hourly earnings
Average, weighted by employment, of therates for component cells.
Annual average data
Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.
Annual total of aggregate hours(production or nonsupervisory worker
employment multiplied by average
weekly hours) divided by annual sum of
employment.
Annual to ta l of aggregate overtime
hours ( p r o d u c t i o n worker
employment multiplied by average
weekly overtime hours) divided by annual
sum of employment.
Annual to ta l of aggregate payrolls
(production or nonsupervisory worker
employment multiplied by weekly
earnings) divided by annual aggregate
hours
Product of gross average weekly hours and
average hourly earnings.
Sum of monthly rates divided by 12.
Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.
Annual total of aggregate hours for
production or nonsupervisory workers
divided by annual sum of employment
for these workers.
Annual to ta l of aggregate overtime
hours for production workers
divided by annual sum of employment
for these workers.
Annual total of aggregate payrolls divided byannual aggregate hours.
Product of gross average weekly hours and
average hourly earnings.
Sum of monthly rates divided by 12.
168
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Size and regional stratification THE SAMPLE
A number of industries are stratified by size of establishmentand/or by region, and the stratified production- ornonsupervisory-worker data are used to weight the hours andearnings into broader industry groupings. Accordingly, the basicestimating cell for an employment, hours, or earnings series, asthe term is used in the summary of computational methods, maybe a whole industry or a size stratum, a region stratum, or a sizestratum of a region within an industry.
Benchmark adjustments
Employment estimates are compared periodically with com-prehensive counts of employment which provide "benchmarks"for the various nonagricultural industries, and appropriateadjustments are made as indicated. The industry estimates arecurrently projected from March 1974 levels. Normally, bench-mark adjustments are made annually.
The primary sources of benchmark information are employ-ment data, by industry, compiled quarterly by State agenciesfrom reports of establishments covered under State unemploy-ment insurance laws. These tabulations, cover nearly nine-tenths of the total nonagricultural employment in the UnitedStates. Benchmarks data for the residual are obtained from therecords of the Social Security Administration, the Interstate Com-merce Commission, and a number of other agencies in private in-dustry or government.
The estimates relating to the benchmark month are comparedwith new benchmark levels, industry by industry. If revisions arenecessary, the monthly series of estimates are adjusted betweenthe new benchmark and the preceding one, and the newbenchmark for each industry is then carried forward progres-sively to the current month by use of the sample trends. Thus,under this procedure, the benchmark is used to establish thelevel of employment; the sample is used to measure themonth-to-month changes in the level. A comparison of the actualamounts of revisions due to benchmark adjustment for the last3 years shown in table G.
Table G. Nonagricultural payroll employment estimates,by industry divisions, as a percentage of the benchmarkfor 1971,1973, and 1974
Industry division 1971 19731 1974
Total 100.2 98.4 99.9Mining 99.8 96.5 97.0Contract construction 96.9 90.4 100.6Manufacturing 100.4 98.9 99.9Transportation and public
Data for all months since the last benchmark to which theseries has been adjusted are subject to revision. To provide usersof the data with a convenient reference source for the reviseddata, the BLS publishes as soon as possible after each benchmarkrevision a summary volume of employment, hours, earnings, andlabor turnover statistics, entitled Employment and Earnings,United States.
Design
The sampling plan used in the current employment statisticsprogram is known as "sampling proportionate to average size ofestablishment." This design is an optimum allocation designamong strata since the sampling variance is proportional to theaverage size of establishments. The universe of establishments isstratified first by industry and then within each industry by sizeof establishment in terms of employment. For each industry, thenumber of sample units is distributed among the size class ceilson the basis ot average employment per establishment in eachcell. In practice, this is equivalent to distributing the pre-determined total number of establishments required in thesample among the cells on the basis of the ratio of employmentin each cell to total employment in the industry. Within eachnoncertainty stratum the sample members are selected atrandom.
Under this type of design, large establishments fall into thesample with certainty. The size of the sample for the variousindustries is determined empirically on the basis of experienceand of cost considerations. In a manufacturing industry in whicha high proportion of total employment is concentrated inrelatively few establishments, a large percentage of total employ-ment is included in the sample. Consequently, the sample designfor such industries provides for a complete census of the largeestablishments with only a few chosen from among the smallerestablishments or none at all if the concentration of employmentis great enough. On the other hand, in an industry in which alarge proportion of total employment is in small establishments,the sample design calls for inclusion of all large establishmentsand also for a substantial number of the small ones. Manyindustries in the trade and services divisions fall into thiscategory. To keep the sample to a size which can be handled byavailable resources, it is necessary to accept samples in thesedivisions with a smaller proportion of universe employment thanis the case for most manufacturing industries. Since individualestablishments in these nonmanufacturing divisions generallyshow less fluctuation from regular cyclical or seasonal patternsthan establishments in manufacturing industries, these smallersamples (in terms of employment) generally produce reliableestimates.
In the context of the BLS employment and labor turnoverstatistics programs, with their emphasis on producing timelydata at minimum cost, a sample must be obtained which willprovide coverage of a sufficiently large segment of the universeto provide reasonably reliable estimates that can be publishedpromptly and regularly. The present sample meets these speci-fications for most industries. With its use, the BLS is able toproduce preliminary estimates each month for many industriesand for many geographic levels within a few weeks after reportsare mailed by respondents, and at a somewhat later date, statis-tics in considerably greater industrial detail.
Coverage
The BLS sample of establishment employment and payrolls isthe largest monthly sampling operation in the field of socialstatistics. Table H shows the approximate proportion of totalemployment in each industry division covered by the group ofestablishments furnishing monthly employment data. Thecoverage for individual industries within the division may vary
169
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table H. Approximate size and coverage of BLSemployment and payrolls sample, March 1974 *
Industry division
TotalMiningContract construction . . .ManufacturingTransportation and public
utilities:Railroad transpor-tation (ICC)
Other transporta-tion and publicutilities
Wholesale and retailtrade
Finance, insurance, andreal estate
Government:Federal (CivilService Com-mission)
State and local. . . .
Number of
ments insamples
158,4002,100
16,50047,000
95
7,300
38,200
10,10023,500
3,20010,400
Employees
Numberreported
31,637,000307,000771,000
11,821,000
537,000
2,181,000
3,050,000
1,507,0002,740,000
2,691,0006,032,000
Percentof total
41462059
94
53
18
3620
10052
^ Since a few establishments do not report payroll andhour information, hours and earnings estimates may be basedOP a slightly smaller sample than employment estimates.
2 National estimates of Federal employment are provided tothe BLS by the Civil Service Commission. State and areaestimates are based on a sample of 3,200 reports covering about53 percent of employment in Federal establishments
from the proportions shown. Table I shows the approximatecoverage, in terms of employment, of the labor turnoversample.
Table I. Approximate size and coverage of BLS laborturnover sample, March 1974
Although the relatively large size of the BLS establishmentsample assures a high degree of accuracy, the estimates derivedfrom it may differ from the figures that would be obtained if itwere possible to take a complete census using the same schedulesand procedures. As discussed .under the previous section, a linkrelative technique is used to estimate employment. This requiresthe use of the previous month's estimate as the base incomputing the current month's estimate. Thus, small samplingand response errors may cumulate over several months toremove this accumulated error, the estimates are usually adjusted
annually to new benchmarks. In addition to taking account ofsampling and response errors, the benchmark revision adjusts theestimates for changes in the industrial classification of individualestablishments (resulting from changes in their product whichare not reflected in the levels of estimates until the data areadjusted to new benchmarks). In fact, at the more detailedndustry levels, particularly within manufacturing, changes in
classification are the major cause of benchmark adjustments.An jther cause of differences arises from improvements in thequality of the benchmark data. Improvements brought aboutby the most recent expansion in unemployment insurancecoverage were the major cause of differences in the March1973 benchmark adjustments. (See article by Carol M. Utter,BLS Establishment Estimates Revised to March 1973 Bench-marl- Lev/els, in the December 1974 issue.) Table J presentsthe average percent revisions of the six most recent bench-marks (excluding the March 1973 adjustment) for major industrydivisions. Detailed descriptions of individual benchmark revisionsare available from the Bureau upon request.
The hours and earnings estimates for cells are not subject tobenchmark revisions, although the broader groupings may beaffected slightly by changes in employment weights. The hoursand earnings estimates, however, are subject to sampling errorswhich may be expressed as relative errors of the estimates. (Arelative error is a standard error expressed as a percent of theestimate.) Relative errors for major industries are presented intable J and for individual industries with the specified number ofemployees in table K.The chances are about 2 out of 3 that thehours and earnings estimates from the sample would differ by asmaller percentage than the relative error from the averages thatwould have been obtained from a complete census.
Table J. Average benchmark percent revision in employ-ment estimates and relative errors1 for average weeklyhours and average hourly earnings by industry division
Industry division
Total nonagriculturalemployment
Total privateMiningConstructionManufacturing . . . .
Durable goodsNondurable
goodsTransportation
and publicutilities
Trade .Wholesale .Retail
Finance, insurance.and real estate . .
ServicesGovernment^
Averagebenchmarkrevision in
estimates ofemployment^
0.2.1
1.21.2
.3
.4
.3
.4
.31.0
.2
.4
.6
.6
Relative errors(in percent)
Averageweeklyhours
-0.1
.5
.2
.1
.1
.1
.7
.1
.2
.2
24-
Averagehourly
earnings
-0.2
.5
.3
.1
.1
.1
.4
.2
.3
.2
48-
1 Relative errors relate to March 1971 data.? The average percent revision in employment for the 1967-71
and 1974 benchmarks.3 Estimates for government are based on a total count for
Federal Government and samples for State and local governmentbenchmarked to a quinquennial census of government conductedby the Bureau of the Census.
170
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
One measure of the reliability of the employment estimatesfor individual industries is the root-mean-square error (RMSE).The measure is the standard deviation adjusted for the bias inestimates
Table L. Errors of preliminary employment estimates
(RMSE - /(Standard Deviation)2 + (Bias)2 ).
If the bias is small, the chances are about 2 out of 3 that an
estimate from the sample would differ from its benchmark by
less than the root-mean-square error. The chances are about 19
out of 20 that the difference would be less than twice the
root-mean-square error.
Approximations of the root-mean-square errors (based on the
experience of the last 6 years) of differences between final
estimates and benchmarks are presented in table K.
Table K. Root-mean-square errors of differences betweenbenchmarks and estimates of employment and averagerelative errors for average weekly hours and averagehourly earnings
Size of employmentestimate
50,000100,000200,000500,0001,000,0002,000,000
Root meansquare
error ofemployment
estimates
1,9002,7004,1009,600
13,00016,800
Relative errors (in percent]
Averageweeklyhours
0.9.7.5.4.3.3
Averagehourly
earnings
1.51.1.9.8.5.5
Assuming 12 month intervals between benchmark revisions.
For the two most recent months, estimates of employment,hours, and earnings are preliminary and are so footnoted in thetables. These figures are based on less'than the total sample andare revised when all the reports in the sample have been received.Table L presents root-mean-square errors of the amounts ofrevisions that may be expected between the preliminary andfinal levels of employment and preliminary and final month-to-month changes. Revisions of preliminary hours and earningsestimates are normally not greater than .1 of an hour for weeklyhours and 1 cent for hourly earnings.
MiningContract construction . . . .ManufacturingTransportation and
public utilitiesWholesale and retail
tradeFinance, insurance, and
real estateServicesGovernment . . . .
Root mean-square error of
Monthly level
6001,0001,7002,6005,0009,000
29,000
98,000
5,00020,00045,000
13,000
35,000
7,00029,00044,000
Month to monthchange
600900
1,7002,4004,9008,700
26,000
87,000
5,00021,00042,000
11,000
32,000
7,00023,00042,000
STATISTICS FOR STATES AND AREAS
State and area employment, hours, earnings, and laborturnover data are collected and prepared by State agenciesin cooperation with BLS. The area statistics relate to metro-politan areas. Definitions for all areas are published each year inthe issue of Employment and Earnings that contains State andarea annual averages (usually the May issue). Changes indefinitions are noted as they occur. Additional industry detailmay be obtained from the State agencies listed on the insideback cover of each issue. These statistics are based on the sameestablishment reports used by BLS for preparing nationalestimates. For employment, the sum of the State figures maydiffer slightly from the equivalent official U.S. totals on anational basis, because some States have more recent bench-marks than others and because of the effects of differingindustrial and geographic stratification.
For the States and the areas shown in the B and C sections ofthis periodical, all the annual average data for the detailedindustry statistics currently published by each cooperating Stateagency are presented (from the earliest data of availability ofeach series) in a summary volume published annually by theBLS.
Unemployment insurance data(E tables)
Insured unemployment represents the number of personsreporting a week of unemployment under an unemploymentinsurance program. Ic includes some persons who are workingpart time who would be counted as employed in the payroll andhousehold surveys. Excluded are persons who have exhaustedtheir benefit rights and workers who have not earned rights tounemployment insurance. In general, excluded from coverage arethose persons engaged in agriculture, domestic service, unpaid
family work, selected nonprofit organizations, some State andlocal government and self-employment. Also excluded from theinsured unemployment count, but included as employed in thehousehold survey, are those persons who earned no wages duringthe payroll period because they were temporarily absent fromtheir jobs due to taking time off, illness and industrial dispute aswell as unpaid vacations. The rate of insured unemployment isthe number of insured unemployed expressed as a percent of
171
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
average covered employment in a 12-month period ending 6 to 8months prior to the week of reference. Initial claims are noticesfiled by those losing jobs covered by an unemploymentinsurance program that they are starting a period of unemploy-ment. A claimant who continued to be unemployed a full weekis then counted in the insured unemployment figure.
Because of differences in State laws and procedures under
which unemployment insurance programs are operated, Stateunemployment rates generally indicate, but do not preciselymeasure, differences among the individual States. Personswishing to receive a detailed description of the nature, sources,inclusions and exclusions, and limitation of unemploymentinsurance data should address their inquiries to ManpowerAdministration, Washington, D.C. 20210.
Seasonal adjustment
Many economic statistics reflect a regularly recurring seasonalmovement which can be estimated on the basis of pastexperience. By eliminating that part of the change which can beascribed to usual seasonal variation, it is possible to observe thecyclical and other nonseasonal movements in the series.However, in evaluating deviations from the seasonal pattern-that is, changes in a seasonally adjusted series-it is important tonote that seasonal adjustment is merely an approximation basedon past experience. Seasonally adjusted estimates have a broadermargin of possible error than the original data on which they arebased, since they are subject not only to sampling and othererrors but, in addition, are affected by the uncertainties of theseasonal adjustment process itself. Seasonally adjusted series forselected labor force and establishment data are publishedregularly in Employment and Earnings.
The seasonal adjustment methods used for these series are anadaptation of the standard ratio-to-moving average method, witha provision for moving "adjustment factors" to take account ofchanging seasonal patterns. A detailed description of the methodis given in the two publications, BLS Seasonal Factor Method(1966) and X-11 Variant of the Census Method It Seasonal Ad-justment Program, Technical Paper No. 15, Bureau of theCensus (1967).
Data for the household series are seasonally adjusted by theCensus X-11 Method. For each of the three major labor forcecomponents—agricultural employment, nonagricultural employ-ment, and unemployment—data for four age-sex groups (maleand female workers, 16-19 years and 20 years and over) areseparately adjusted for seasonal variation and then added togive seasonally adjusted total figures. In order to produce sea-sonally adjusted total employment and civilian labor force data,the appropriate series are aggregated. The seasonally adjustedrate of unemployment for all civilian workers is derived bydividing the figure for total unemployment (the sum of fourseasonally adjusted age-sex components) by the figure for thecivilian labor force (the sum of 12 seasonally adjusted age-sexcomponents). Other series, such as unemployment by duration oremployment by major occupational groups, are independentlyadjusted.
The seasonal adjustment factors applying to current dataare based on a pattern shown by past experience. Once eachyear (in January), these factors are revised in the light of theprevious years' experience. Revised seasonally adjusted seriesfor major components of the labor force based on data throughDecember 1974, plus a short description of the methodology,
are published in the February 1975 Employment and Earnings.Many additional series, which are either components or aggregatesof the series presented, are available from the BLS upon request.
For establishment data, the seasonally adjusted series onhours and hourly earnings, for industry groupings are com-puted by applying factors directly to the corresponding un-adjusted series, utilizing the BLS Seasonal Factor Method.However, seasonally adjusted employment totals for all em-ployees and production workers by industry division areobtained by summing seasonally adjusted data for the com-ponent industries. Seasonally adjusted average weekly earn-ings are the product of seasonally adjusted average hourlyearnings and average weekly hours. Average weekly earningsin constant dollars, seasonally adjusted, are obtained by dividingseasonally adjusted average weekly earnings by the seasonallyadjusted Consumer Price Index. Indexes of aggregate weeklyhours, seasonally adjusted, are obtained by multiplying aver-age weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, by production or non-supervisory workers, seasonally adjusted, and dividing by the1967 base. For total private, total goods producing, total privateservice producing, trade, manufacturing, and durable and non-durable goods the indexes of aggregate weekly hours, sea-sonally adjusted, are obtained by summing the aggregate weeklyhours, seasonally adjusted, for the appropriate component in-dustries and dividing by the 1967 base.
The seasonally adjusted establishment data for FederalGovernment are based on a series which excludes the Christmastemporary help employed by the Postal Service in December.The employment of these workers constitutes the onlysignificant seasonal change in Federal Government employmentduring the winter months. Furthermore, the volume of suchemployment may change substantially from year to year becauseof administrative decisions by the Postal Service. Hence, it wasconsidered desirable to exclude this group from the data uponwhich the seasonally adjusted series is based.
Labor turnover rates are seasonally adjusted by applyingappropriate seasonal factors to the rate. These factors arederived by the Census X-11 method using the trading dayoption. As a result these series are adjusted for the number oftimes each day of the week occurs in a given month, as wellas for the month of the year.
The revised seasonally adjusted series for the establishmentdata reflect experience through June 1975. Seasonal factorsto be used for current adjustment appear in the October 1975issue of Employment and Earnings.
Additional information concerning the preparation of the labor force, employment, hours, earnings,and labor turnover series—concepts and scope, survey methods, and limitations—is contained in theHandbook of Methods, BLS Bulletin 1711.
172 *U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFF ICE: 197 5 211-127/4 1-3
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABORBureau of Labor Statistics
REGION I - BOSTONJohn Fitzgerald Kennedy Federal Bldg.Government Center - Room 1603 ABoston, Mass. 02202
REGION II - NEW YORK1515 Broadway-Suite 3400New York, N.Y. 10036
REGION III - PHILADELPHIA3535 Market StreetP.O. Box 13309 (Zip 19101)Philadelphia, Pa.
REGION IV-ATLANTA1371 Peachtree Street, N.E.Atlanta, Ga. 30309
REGION V- CHICAGO230 S. Dearborn StreetChicago, III. 60604
REGION VI - DALLAS555 Griffin Sq.# 2nd Fl.Dallas, Tex. 75202
REGIONS VII & VIII -KANSAS CITY911 Walnut StreetKansas City, Mo. 64106
REGIONS IX& X-SAN FRANCISCO450 Golden Gate Avenue, Box 36017San Francisco, Calif. 94102
COOPERATING STATE AGENCIESEmployment and Labor Turnover Statistics Programs
- Department of Industrial Relations, Industrial Relations Building, Montgomery 36104- Employment Security Division, Department of Labor, P.O. Box 3-7000, Juneau 99801- Department of Economic Security, PCO. Box 6123, Phoenix 85005- Employment Security Division, Department of Labor, P.O. Box 2981, Little Rock 72203- Employment Development Department, P.O. Box 1679, Sacramento 95808 (Employment).- Division of Employment, Department of Labor and Employment, Room 222, 1210Sherman Street,
Denver 80203- Employment Security Division, Labor Department, 200 Folly Brook Boulevard, Wethersfield 06I09- Department of Labor, 205 West 14th Street, Wilmington 19899- Office of Administration and Management Service, D.C. Manpower Administration, Room 626,
500 C Street, N.W., Washington 20001- Division of Employment Security, Department of Commerce, Caldwell Building, Tallahassee 32304- Employment Security Agency, Department of Labor, Room 306, 501 Pullman Streets.W., Atlanta 30312- Department of Labor and Industrial Relations, P.O. Box 3680, Honolulu 96811- Department of Employment, P.O. Box 7189, Boise 83707- Bureau of Employment Security, Department of Labor, 165 North Canal Street, Chicago 60606- Employment Security Division, 1 0 North Senate Avenue, Indianapolis 46204- Employment Security Commission, 1 000 East Grand Avenue, Des Moines 50319- Employment Security Division, Department of Labor, 401 Topeka Avenue, Topeka 66603- Department of Human Resources, P.O. Box 678, Frankfort 40601- Department of Employment Security, P.O. Box 44094, Capitol Station, Baton Rouge 70804- Employment Security Commission, Department of Manpower Affairs, 20 Union Street, Augusta 04330- Department of Employment and Social Services, 1 100 North Eutaw Street, Baltimore 21201- Division of Employment Security, Charles F. Hurley Employment Security Building, Government Center,
Boston 02114- Employment Security Commission, Department of Labor, 7310 Woodward Avenue, Detroit 48202- Department of Manpower Services, 390 North Robert Street, St. Paul 55101- Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 1699, Jackson 39205- Division of Employment Security, Department of Labor and Industrial Relations, P.O. Box 59, Jefferson
City 65101- Employment Security Division, Department of Labor and Industry, P.O. Box 1728, Helena 59601- Division of Employment, Department of Labor, P.O. Box 94600, State House Station, Lincoln 68509- Employment Security Department, P.O. Box 602, Carson City 89701- Department of Employment Security, 32 South Main Street, Concord 03301- Department of Labor and Industry, 202 John Fitch Plaza, Trenton 08625- Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 1 928, Albuquerque 87103- Division of Employment, N.Y. State Department of Labor, State Campus—Building 12, Albany 12201- Division of Statistics, Department of Labor, P.O. Box 27407, Raleigh 27611 (Employment),
Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 25903, Raleigh 27611 (Turnover).- Employment Security Bureau, P.O. Box 1537, Bismarck 58505- Division of Research and Statistics, Bureau of Employment Services, 145S. Front St., Columbus 43216- Employment Security Comm ission, Will Rogers Memorial Office Building, Oklahoma City 73105- Employment Division, Department of Human Resources, Room 402, Labor and Industries Building,
Salem 97310- Bureau of Employment Security, Department of Labor and Industry, Seventh and Forster Streets,
Harrisburg 17121- Division of Statistics and Census, Department of Labor, Room 117, 235 Promenade Street, Providence 02908
(Employment). Department of Employment Security, 24 Mason Street, Providence 02903 (Turnover).- Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 995, Columbia 29202- Employment Security Department, Department of Human Affairs, P.OD Box 730, Aberdeen 57401- Department of Employment Security, Room 519, Cordell Hull Office Building, Nashville 37219- Employment Commission, TEC Building, 15th and Congress Avenue, Austin 78778- Department of Employment Security, P.O. Box 11249, Salt Lake City 84111- Department of Employment Security, P.O. Box 488, Montpelier 05602- Division of Research and Statistics, Department of Labor and Industry, P.O. Drawer 1814, Richmond
23214 (Employment). Employment Commission, P.Oc Box 1358, Richmond 23211 (Turnover).- Employment Security Department, P.O. Box 367, Olympia 98504• Department of Employment Security, State Office Building, 112 California Avenue, Charleston 25305- Department of Industry, Labor, and Human Relations, P.O. Box 608, Madison 53701• Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 2760, Casper 82601