employee-welfare-and-measures

A STUDY ON EMPLOYEE WELFARE MEASURES

INDUSTRY PROFILE

ABOUT THE INDUSTRY

India in 1994 has become the 4th largest producer of cement in the world .This

impressive record owes its origin to the progressive policies of the government since late

70’s and enabled on assured 12% post tax return on Net worth (77).The economic

reforms of July ’91 gave a further fillip by abolishing the licensing system for setting up

cement plants. Since then innumerable technological development took place in cement

production enabling cost reduction and mass production. The wet kilns of the late 70’s

were replaced by dry kilns which reduced the fuel cost by 30% thermal efficiency was

improved by installing pre-heaters, followed by the addition of pre-ealcinators. Optimal

usage of fuel and power we achieved through computerization and quality control of raw

materials.

In a developing country like India the requirement of housing and so the demand

elasticity of cement with respect to G.D.P. of 1.6% is also high.

By comparing the per capita consumption consumption and consumption density

(D) of India with rest of the world, the latent demand for cement can be estimated at

77Kg for India and 240Kg for the rest of the world.

The cement sector has recorded an impressive increase in production capacities.

The production has grown up by 9.5% over the previous years to 76.22 million tones. The

consumption, on The other hand, has logged behind having grown by 7.9% over the

previous year to 67.93 million tones. Capacity utilization has been 81% for the large

plants. Thus, even at the end 98-99 there was an excess capacity by about 27 million

tones. (Comparing total capacity and demand).

SREE VIDYANIKETHAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT 1


The current financial year is expected to add 10 million tones further. Production

for the full year to be expected to be raised by 10-12%. Of this, south is to be the

maximum gainer with around 10% growth.

The cement industry witnessed a contraction. In operating profit margins

nationally. In the year ended March’97 due to a slowdown in demand growth rate, higher

supplies for new commission capacitates and cost increases. Housing sector is yielding a

minimum cement demand growth rate, of 6%.

The Rakesh Mohan committee has forecast the investment outlays on

infrastructure to rise to 4000-4500billion rupees over the next 5 years. Beyond 2003-

2004, these requirements would be in the range of 7500 billion rupees. The industrial

growth rate too is expected to rise from 8 to 8.5% in the past 10-12%.

The per capital consumption is expected to touch 85Kg by 2004 by possibly 13Kg

in 2012. If the present growth trend continues. To achieve even 75% of world average on

investment of 40,000 Crores rupees on plants besides additional investment of same order

on adequate infrastructure will be required over 10-15years. The demand by 2012 is

placed at 140 million -150 million tons in the wake of the industrial and economic growth

unleashed by the liberalization process. The growth prospects of the industry are thus

assured.

India’s Stand in the world

India is the 4th largest cement producer worldwide, following china, Japan and

U.S.A. India’s percaptia consumption is only 78Kg as compared to the world average of

251 Kg by the turn of the century. India’s capacity is expected to crores 100 million

tones. The Industry has 59 companies owning 115 plants. In the matter of exports, the

Government considers cement as an extreme focus area.



However, Industry experts comment that exports are mainly for keeping a check

on the domestic prices, which get adversely affected due to exam production. In the

global market. India cement is not very competitive due to high power and fuel costs. In

order to improve its position in the International market, technological up gradation is

essential in terms of process, product diversification, cost reduction quality control and

energy savings.

CEMENT INDUSTRY HIGHLIGHTS

The Indian cement industry has high Return on Investment. There exists a large

markers which are not yet been completely tapped. With the existing levels of supply and

growing demand the prices tend to rise. But the industry being a fast growing one, many

players are attracted. Every year new capacities are added raising the supply, price

stability is thus maintained and the high profits are observed by new entrants.

The per capital consumption of manufacture commodities like steel, power and

cement ate indicators of the economic state of a country. Of the total output nearly 95% is

accounted for only 90%, while the Government sector accounts for 10%. The housing

activity accounts for 55% of total consumption. Nearly 47% of the total costs, most of

which are administrated prices are beyond the control of cement units. The cost elements

include limestone, coal, transport freight, power consumption and excise duty.

Production and Consumption Pattern of Cement

In the case of cement production regional imbalances continue. Cement plants are

generally put up where limestone id available. This because, to produce 1 tons of cement

1 ½ tones of limestone is required. Also it is easier to transport cement than limestone.

Cement is mainly produced in the Western and Southern regions. Hence, only half

of the cement produced is consumed within the region. Cement is usually transported

from south to west is the most surplus region. Although, west is a surplus regions, cement



is transported from southern regions which are close to the consumption and excise duty.

The destination of cement transport is mainly dependent on mode of transport available

and the transportation cost incurred.

CEMENT MANUFACTURING PROCESS

In wet process, limestone is crushed and grounded and mixed with water to form

slurry which is fed in to the kiln. The slurry has a water content of 30-40%. Before the

mineralogical process commence, the water content in the slurry has to be evaporated.

This process consumes high energy and power.

On the other hand, the dry process is more energy efficient. The raw materials are

dried in a combined drying and grinding plant to reduce the moisture content to less than

1%.

Due to regular shifts from wet and semi-dry process nearly 89% of the total

industries kiln capacity is at dry process. Of the remaining, 9% is wet process and 2% is

semi-dry process. The main advantage of shifting to any process is the 50% saving of

coal consumption. The energy costs reduce by 30-40% and the kiln output also increases

for a given size kiln, the output for dry process is 250-300/- as compared to 130-150/- for

semi-dry and 100% for wet process. The capacity utilization is also higher for dry process

plants.

CEMENT BRANDING

Cement has emerged as a commodity product. Brands play important role

especially in metros like Delhi, Mumbai, Calcutta, etc, where the established brands

suppress the success of smaller brands. Companies have tie-ups with real estate agents

and construction companies. Some manufacturers also organize work ships, training and

seminars to educate the consumers on the maximum use of a bag full of cement.



COMPANY PROFILE

Lanco industries limited (LIL) was promoted by Lanco Group in 1992 in Chittoor

District. A.P LIL setup as a Mini Blast Furnace (MBF) in 1994 with a capacity of 90000

TPA to manufacture and sell Pig Iron to the customers and foundry units across India. In

1998. LIL entered into an agreement to supply Molten Iron and pig Iron to Lanco, Sri

Kalahasthi Castings Limited (LKCL) a company within the same campus engaged in the

business of Iron castings & forging. LKCL later on added high technology Ductile Iron

Pipes (DIP) manufacturing facilities to its portfolio. In March 2002 India’s leading DI

Pipes manufacturer, Electro steel Castings Limited (ECL) entered into a strategic alliance

with LIL and LKCL by acquiring 46.43 and 48.89 percent stake in the companies

respectively. In addition to technological support, ECL also infused fresh fund into LIL

by way of equity participation and re-modeled the financial structure, thus reducing

interest costs.

In 2003 the capacity of MBF was increased from 90,000 TAP to 1, 50,000 TAP

and the capacity of DI Pipes was increased from 60,000 TAP to 90,000 TAP at capital

outlay of approx. Rs. 35 corers. In 2003 LKCL got merged with LIL ( with effect from

1st April 2003) to take advantage of the close synergy in the business model of the two

companies, since a large part of Pig Iron in liquid form is consumed by LKCL for

manufacture of Pipes. In 2004, 1, 50, 000 TAP Coke Oven Plant was setup at capital

outlay of Rs. 45 corers.

QUALITY POLICY

Lanco Industries Limited aims at maximizing the customer satisfaction by

supplying products of consistent quality with collective participation of Management and

Employees.



TO ACHIEVE THE ABOVE, WE WILL

Manufacture and supply products as per specifications and standards agreed to

with the customers.

Continuously strive to improve the quality of the products and process

Maintain interaction with customers

Train and motivate employees to achieve the company’s goal.



CHAPTER - 2

INTRODUCTION:

1.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY

Safety and welfare measures are inevitable to any organization where workers

are involved. An organization‘s responsibility to its employees extends beyond the

payment of wages for their services. The employee’s safety and welfare on and off the

job within the organization is a vital concern of the employer. Providing a safe and

healthy environment is a pre-requisite for any productive effort. This research deals with

the study on the welfare measures provided to the employees at LANCO INDUSTRIES

PVT LTD.

1.1.1 Problem Idenfication

Unlike other industries, the employees of the Lanco are often exposed to

different and new which they may not have been familiar with earlier. The employees

have to deal huge machinery. The unfamiliarity in the nature of materials they handle and

the danger involved I handling them make the employees prone to higher degree of risk.

Satisfying or fulfilling the safety and security needs of the workers,

would give them a better motivation and more time to concentrate on job performance. A

voluntary approach on the part of the management to offer welfare programmes which

are over and above what is laid down by the law would boost the morale of the

employees and motivate them to perform better. A preliminary study conducted by the

researcher with respect to welfare showed that there was scope for improvement in

certain areas. This formed the basis of the research problem.



1.1.2 Objectives of the study

Primary Objective: To study the level of satisfaction of employees regarding welfare

measures at Lanco Industries pvt ltd.

Secondary Objective: To study the perception of the employees regarding the welfare

measures provided to them.

• To analyze if the level of satisfaction is different among the various

categories of employees and departments.

• To suggest provision of more welfare measures to improve the

performance of the employees.

1.1.3 Scope of the study

This study would give an overview of the welfare measures existing at

Lanco industries. Since safety and welfare are two important elements essential for

improving the productivity of an organization, a study on the existing welfare measures

would help the organization perform better. This study would throw light on the

perception of the employees regarding safety and welfare. Lanco industries can identify

the areas where it can improve so as to improve the performance of the employees. This

study would also help to analyze if there is dependence between

1.1.4 Limitations of the study

• The study was restricted to the class III and class IV non ministerial staff

of Lanco industries.

• Due to time constraints the sample size had to be confirmed to 100.

• The respondents have replied to the queries recalling from their memory.

Therefore recall bias and personal bias are possible.

• Since the data was collected using a schedule, the interviewer’s inability to

understand and record the responses correctly is possible.

• The respondents were unable or unwilling to give a complete and accurate

response to certain questions.



1.2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

In 1998 a study was conducted on the welfare measures provided to the

employees of Copt by Ms. N. Sangeetha of Bharathiyar University. This study was

based on the Class I and Class II employees contrary to my project work which focuses

only on the Class III, Class IV non-ministerial staff. This was helpful to me with regard

to the selection of samples and using statistical tools. I have done my research work

independently and both the studies are independent.

Definitions of safety

• The condition of being safe; freedom from danger, risk, or injury.

• The state of being certain that adverse effects will not be caused by some agent

under defined conditions.

• Occupational safety is concerned with risks in areas where people work; offices,

manufacturing plants, farms, construction sites, and commercial and retail

facilities. Public safety is concerned with hazards in the home, in travel and

recreation, and in other situations that do not fall within the scope of occupational

safety.

Definitions of welfare

• Anything done for the intellectual, physical, moral and economic betterment of

the workers, whether by employers, by government or by other agencies, over and

above what is laid down by law or what is normally expected of the contractual

benefits for which workers may have bargained.

• Well-doing or well-being in any respect, the enjoyment of health and the common

blessings of life; exemption from any evil or calamity; prosperity; happiness.



1.2.1 METHODOLY AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

RESEARCH METHODOLY

Research methodology is a way of systematically solving the research

problem. Research methodology deals with the research design used and methods used to

present the study.

1.2.2 Research Design

A research design is a detailed blue print used to guide a research study toward its

objective. The process of designing a research study involves many interrelated

decisions. The most significant decision is the choice of research approach, because it

determines how the information will be obtained. The choice of the research approach

depends on the nature of the research that one wants to do.

The research design adopted for this study is Descriptive Research. Descriptive

method was adopted because it deals with description of the state of affairs as it exists at

present.

Sampling Techniques

The next step in research study after collecting data is the sampling process. When a

decision is made to use the sample, a number of factors must be taken into consideration.

The various steps involved in the sampling process are:

Identifying target population.

Determining sample frame.

Selecting sampling procedure.

Determine sample size.

Execute sampling.

Obtaining information from respondents.

Generating information for decision making.



The target population in this study was the Class III and Class IV non-

ministerial staff of Lanco.

The sampling technique had to be selected. There are two types of sampling

techniques:

Probability sampling

Non-probability sampling

Among the probability sampling, the sampling used in this study was Stratified

sampling.

1.2.3 Stratified Sampling

If the population from which a sample is to be drawn does not constitute a

homogeneous group, then stratified technique is applied so as to obtain a representive

sample. In this technique, the population is stratified into number of non-overlapping sub

populations or strata and sample items are selected from each stratum. If the items

selected from each stratum is based on simple random sampling, the entire procedure,

first stratification and then simple random sampling is known as stratified sampling. The

stratified sampling results in a more reliable and detailed information. The researcher

uses simple random sampling for selection of items from each stratum.

Sample size

Among the 4000 staff in the organization a sample of 100 employees was taken

for the study.

Using the method of proportional allocation, the numbers of samples are

selected from each stratum.



Tools for data collection

There are several ways of colleting the appropriate data. While deciding about

the method of data collection to be used for the study, the researcher should keep in mind,

that there are 2 types of data.

1. Primary data

2. Secondary data

Primary data are those which are collected a fresh and for the first time and thus

happen to be original in character. Primary data can be collected either through

experiment or through survey.

The secondary data on the other hand are those which have already been

collected by someone else and which have already been passed through the statistical

process. In this study, the data was collected from the primary source through interview

schedule.

1.2.4 Statistical Techniques

This phase consists of the data analysis of the data collected based on the

stratified simple random probabilistic sampling technique. The data collected were

analyzed using the following methods.

Percentage analysis

The number of responses of each category is summarized to percentage format

for the convenience to use other statistical tools namely pie chart and bar diagrams.



Statistical tools

Chi-square test

This test allows us to determine whether two attributes are independent of each

other. In this study chi-square has been used to test if there is an association between

various variables and the overall level of satisfaction of safety and welfare measures.

X2 = Σ {(Oi – Ei) 2 / Ei }

Applying Yates’s correction:

X2 = Σ {(|Oi – Ei |- 0.5) 2 / Ei }

Phi Coefficient

Chi-square test tells us about the significance of relation between variables; it

provides no answer regarding the magnitude of the relation between the two variables.

This can be achieved by computing the Phi coefficient which is a non-parametric

measure of coefficient of correlation. It gives the magnitude of the relation or the degree

of association between the two variables.

= ϕ [ X2 / n ]



CHAPTER-3

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

TABLE-1

TABLE SHOWING THE OPINION ABOUT WORK ENVIRONMENT

Grade No. of Respondents Percentage

Satisfied 8 8

Highly Satisfied 28 28

Average 64 64

Dissatisfied 0 0

Highly dissatisfied 0 0

OPINION ABOUT WORK ENVIRONMMENT

828

64

0 00

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Satisfied HighlySatisfied

Average Dissatisfied HighlyDissatisfied

PARICULARS

INFERENCE:



From the above table it is inferred that 8% of people responded to satisfied,

28% of people responded to highly satisfied, 64% people to average, and 0% of people

responded to dissatisfied and highly dissatisfied.

TABLE-2

TABLE SHOWING THE OPINIONABOUT VENTILATION & LIGHTING AT WORK PLACE


Excellent 12 12

Good 52 52

Average 36 36

Bad 0 0

Very Bad 0 0

OPINION ABOUT VENTILATION&

LIGHTING AT WORK PLACE

12

52

36

0 00

10

20

30

40

50

60

Excellent Good Avearge Bad Very Bad

Axis Title

INFERENCE:



From the above table it is inferred that 12% of people responded to excellent,

52% of people responded to good, 36% people to average, and 0% of people responded

to bad and very bad.

TABLE-3

TABLE SHOWING THE OPINION ABOUT SALARIES/BENEFITS


Satisfied 20 20


Average 18 18

Dissatisfied 0 0


OPINION ABOUT SALARIES/BENEFITS

20

62

18 0 00

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Satisfed HighlySatisfied

Avearge Dissatisfied HighlyDissatisfied

PARTICULARS

INFERENCE:



From the above table it is inferred that 20% of people responded to

satisfied, 62% of people responded to highly satisfied, 18% people to average, and 0% of

people responded to dissatisfied and highly dissatisfied.

Table- 4

TABLE SHOWING THE OPINION ABOUT TIMINGS/SCHEDULES


Satisfied 20 20


Average 8 8

Dissatisfied 0 0



OPINION ABOUT TIMINGS/SCHEDULE

20

72

8 0 00

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80



PARTICULARS


INFERENCE:


72% of people responded to highly satisfied, 8% people to average, and 0% of people

responded to dissatisfied and highly dissatisfied.

Table- 5

TABLE SHOWING THE OPINION ABOUT SAFETY

MEASURES AT WORK PLACE


Satisfied 64 64


Average 19 19

Dissatisfied 9 9



OPINION ABOUT SAFETY MEASURES AT WORK PLACE

64

4 19 9 40

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Satisfed Highly Satisfied Avearge Dissatisfied HighlyDissatisfied

PARTICULARS


INFERENCE:

From the above table it is inferred that 64% of people responded to satisfied, 4%

of people responded to highly satisfied, 19% people to average, 9% of people responded

to dissatisfied and 4% of people responded to highly dissatisfied.

Table- 6

TABLE SHOWING THE OPINION ABOUT PRESENCE

OF SAFETY COMMITTEE


Yes 60 60

No 40 40


OPINION ABOUT PRESENCE OF SAFETY COMMITTEE

60

40

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Yes No

PARTICULARS


INFERENCE:

From the above table it is inferred that 60% of people responded to Yes for

presence of safety committee and 40% of people said No.

Table- 7

TABLE SHOWING THE OPINION ABOUT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS


Yes 72 72

No 28 28


OPINION ABOUT PRESENCE OF SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

72

28

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Yes No

PARTICULARS


INFERENCE:


safety instructions and 28% of people said No.

Table- 8

TABLE SHOWING THE OPINION ABOUT ACCIDENT PREVENTION

MEASURES


Good 12 12

Very Good 40 40

Average 36 36

Bad 7 7

Very Bad 5 5


OPINION ABOUT ACCIDENT PREVENTION MEASURES

12

4036

7 50

10

20

30

40

50

Good Very Good Avearge Bad Very Bad

PARTICULARS


INFERENCE:

From the above table it is inferred that 12% of people responded to good, 40%

of people responded to very good, 36% people to average, 7% of people responded to bad

and 5% of people responded to very bad.

Table- 9

TABLE SHOWING THE OPINION ABOUT FIRST – AID FACILITY


Good 38 38

Very Good 22 22

Average 28 28

Bad 10 10

Very Bad 2 2


OPINION ABOUT FIRST – AID FACILITY

38

2228

10 20

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40


PARTICULARS


INFERENCE:

From the above table it is inferred that 38% of people responded to good, 22%

of people responded to very good, 28% people to average, 10% of people responded to

bad and 2% of people responded to very bad.

Table- 10

TABLE SHOWING THE OPINION ABOUT ORGANIZATION HEALTH

CHECK - UPS


Yearly 30 30

Half Yearly 20 20

Quarterly 20 20

Monthly 20 20

Not at all 10 10


OPINION ABOUT ORGANIZATION HEALTH CHECK - UPS

30

20 20 20

10

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Yearly Half Yearly Quarterly Monthly Not at all

PARTICULARS


INFERENCE:

From the above table it is inferred that 30% of people responded to yearly, 20%

of people responded to half yearly, 20% people to quarterly, 20% of people responded to

monthly and 10% of people responded to not at all.

Table- 11

TABLE SHOWING THE OPINION ABOUT CANTEEN FACILITIES

WITHIN THE ORGANIZATION


Yes 68 68

No 32 32


OPINION ABOUT CANTEEN FACILITIES

68

32

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Yes No

PARTICULARS


INFERENCE:

From the above table it is inferred that 68% of people responded to Yes to

canteen facilities in organization and 32% of people said No.

Table- 12

TABLE SHOWING THE OPINION ABOUT HOUSING FACILITIES TO

EMPLOYEES


Yes 33 33

No 67 67


OPINION ABOUT HOUSING FACILITIES

33

67

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Yes No

PARTICULARS


INFERENCE:


housing facilities in organization and 67% of people said No.

Table- 13

TABLE SHOWING THE OPINION ABOUT P.F. BENEFITS


Satisfied 40 40


Average 44 44

Dissatisfied 4 4



OPINION ABOUT P.F. BENEFITS

40

12

44

4 00

10

20

30

40

50



PARTICULARS


INFERENCE:


12% of people responded to highly satisfied, 44% people to average, 4% of people

responded to dissatisfied and 0% of people responded to highly dissatisfied.

Table- 14

TABLE SHOWING THE OPINION ABOUT TRANSPORTATION


Satisfied 28 28


Average 18 18

Dissatisfied 20 20



OPINION ABOUT TRANSPORTATION

2832

18 20

20

5

10

15

20

25

30

35



PARTICULARS


INFERENCE:




Table- 15

TABLE SHOWING THE OPINION ABOUT INSURANCE FACILITIES


Satisfied 40 40


Average 44 44

Dissatisfied 4 4



OPINION ABOUT INSURANCE FACILITIES

40

12

44

4 00

10

20

30

40

50



PARTICULARS


INFERENCE:




Table- 16

TABLE SHOWING THE OPINION ABOUT RETIREMENT BENEFITS


Satisfied 16 16


Average 52 52

Dissatisfied 12 12



OPINION ABOUT RETIREMENT BENEFITS

16 20

52

12 00

10

20

30

40

50

60



PARTICULARS


INFERENCE:




Table- 17

TABLE SHOWING THE OPINION ABOUT PRESENCE OF WELFARE

OFFICER


Yes 80 80

No 20 20


OPINION ABOUT PRESENCE OF WELFARE OFFICER

80

20

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Yes No

PARTICULARS


INFERENCE:


presence of welfare officer in organization and 20% of people said No.

Table- 18

TABLE SHOWING THE OPINION ABOUT WELFARE PROVISIONS


Satisfied 40 40


Average 40 40

Dissatisfied 4 4




INFERENCE:




Table- 19

TABLE SHOWING THE OPINION ABOUT REST PERIODS


Satisfied 4 4


Average 60 60

Dissatisfied 8 8



OPINION ABOUT WELFARE PROVISIONS

40

12

40

4 40

10

20

30

40

50



PARTICULARS


INFERENCE:


OPINION ABOUT REST PERIODS

4

28

60

8 00

10

20

30

40

50

60

70



PARTICULARS





Table- 20

TABLE SHOWING THE OPINION ABOUT RESPONDING IN CASE OF

EMERGENCIES


Good 40 40

Very Good 4 4

Average 32 32

Bad 24 24

Very Bad 0 0


OPINION ABOUT RESPONDING IN CASE OF EMERGENCIES

40

4

3224

00

10

20

30

40

50


PARTICULARS


INFERENCE:




Table- 11

TABLE SHOWING THE OPINION ABOUT FRINGE BENEFITS


Satisfied 8 8


Average 52 52

Dissatisfied 16 16



OPINION ABOUT FRINGE BENEFITS

8

24

52

160

0

10

20

30

40

50

60



PARTICULARS


INFERENCE:




STATISTICAL TOOL

CHI SQUARE TABLE

AIM

To find out significant associates between relationship work environment and P.F.

benefits.

NULL HYPOTHESIS

There is no significance relationship with work environment and P.F. benefits.

ATERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS

There is significance relationship with work environment and P.F.benefits.

OBSERVED FREQUENCY

P.F

W.E

Satisfied Highly

Satisfied

Average Dissatisfied Highly

Dissatisfied

Total

satisfied 2 14 24 0 0 40

Highly

Satisfied

0 4 8 0 0 12

Average 4 10 30 0 0 44

Dissatisfied 2 0 2 0 0 4

Highly

Dissatisfied

0 0 0 0 0 0



Total 8 28 64 0 0 100

EXPECTED FREQUENCY

P.F

W.E

Satisfied Highly

Satisfied

Average Dissatisfied Highly

Dissatisfied

satisfied 3.2 11.2 25.6 0 0

Highly

Satisfied

0.96 3.36 7.68 0 0

Average 3.52 12.32 28.16 0 0

Dissatisfied 0.32 1.12 2.56 0 0

Highly

Dissatisfied

0 0 0 0 0



CHI SQUARE TABLE

Oi Ei Oi-Ei (Oi-Ei)² (Oi-Ei)² / Ei

2 3.2 -1.2 1.44 0.45

14 11.2 2.8 7.84 0.7

24 25.6 -1.6 2.56 0.1

0 0.96 -0.96 0.92 0.95

4 3.36 0.64 0.40 0.11

8 7.68 0.32 0.10 0.01

4 3.52 0.48 0.23 0.06

10 12.32 -2.32 5.38 0.43

30 28.16 1.84 3.38 0.137

2 0.32 1.68 2.82 8.81

0 1.12 -1.12 1.25 1.11

2 2.56 -0.56 0.31 0.12

12.897

Calculated value = 12.987



Degree of freedom

(r-1) (c-1)

(4-1) (5-1) = 12

Level of Significance 5%

Table Value = 21.026

Conclusion

Since the calculated value of chi-square is lesser than table value so null hypothesis

is accepted.

Inference

There is no significant relationship between work environment and P.F.benefits.

CHAPTER – 4



FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSION

3.1 FINDINGS

3.1.1 Based on Percentage Analysis

1. The study shows that 75% of the respondents opined adequate safety training

programmes are conducted at LANCO INDUSTRIES PVT LTD., and 25% of

them opined it is not.

2. The study shows that 62% of the respondents have attended safety training

programmes and 38% of them have not.

3. The study shows that 10% of the respondents have rated the training

programmes as highly effective, 84% have rated it as effective, 5% have no

opinion and 1% says it is ineffective.

4. The study shows that 91% of the respondents opined that the management

provides safety awareness and 9% opined that it does not.

5. The study shows that a majority of 84% employees feel that LIL mostly

creates safety awareness through bulletin boards and the least through safety

competitions as only 14% believes that safety awareness is created through

safety competitions.

6. The study sho2ws that 36% of the respondents feel that the safety goggles

provided are inadequate and 34% feel that the safety measures provided while

working on cranes are inadequate.

7. The study shows that 45% of the respondents say that they always make use

of the safety measures provided to them, 54% uses them sometimes and 1%

never uses it.

8. The study shows that 55% of the respondents opined that the machines,

equipments and tools are well designed, 58% opined that they are well

maintained and 57% opined that they are well guarded.



9. The study shows that 35% of the respondents believe that the layout of the

workplace is designed to avoid accidents, 21% says it is not so and 44%

believe that to an extent the workplace is designed to avoid accidents.

10. The study shows that 46% of the respondents believe that the safety measures

provided at LANCO INDUSTRIES PVT LTD., reduce the severity of

accidents, 9% believes otherwise and 36% believe that to an extent the safety

measures help in reducing the severity of accidents.

11. The study shows that 81% of the respondents feel that always immediate

actions are taken to investigate accidents, 14% feel that it is so sometimes and

5% feels that immediate actions are never taken to investigate accidents.

12. The study shows that 56% of the respondents opined that they perceive a risk

factor while working at LANCO INDUSTRIES PVT LTD., 33% opined that

they do not perceive any risk factor and 11% opined that to an extent they

perceive a risk factor.

13. The study shows that 90% of the respondents say that they never avoid work

due to the risk involved in it. 9% of the respondents avoids work and 1%

always avoids work.

14. The study shows that 21% of the respondents strongly agree that in case of

accidents, the management would take good care of them, 56% agree and 19%

disagree to this. 4% of the respondents had no opinion on the matter.

15. The study shows that 85% of the respondents feel that the safety measures

make them feel more secure while working at LIL and 15% of them feel

otherwise.

3.1.2 Based on Statistical Analysis



1. There is no significant difference in the level of satisfaction of existing safety

measures among the different category of workers.

2. There is no dependence between the Mechanical and Traffic departments and

the level of satisfaction of existing safety measures. In the Marine department

90% of the respondents are satisfied with the safety measures and 10% are not.

3. There is a significant association between the fact that the employees have

attended safety training programmes and their level of satisfaction regarding

the existing safety measures.

4. There is a significant association between the perception of risk factor and the

level of satisfaction of employees regarding the existing safety measures.

5. There is a significant association between the level of satisfaction of welfare

measures among the various category of employees.

6. There is no dependence between the Mechanical and Traffic departments and

the level of satisfaction of welfare measures. All the 2 respondents in the H.R

department are satisfied with the welfare measures.

7. There is significant association between the level of satisfaction of transport

facilities and the overall level of satisfaction of welfare measures.

8. There is no significant association between the level of satisfaction of rest

room facilities and the overall level of satisfaction of welfare measures.

3.2 SUGGESTIONS



• The company can ensure that safety training programmes are conducted

for all the employees, since 38% of them opined that they have not undergone

any safety training and the statistical analysis show that there is an association

between the overall level of satisfaction and the fact that the employees feel

that the training that is being provided is not practical. So steps may be

adopted to ensure that training is more practical in nature.

• The researcher feels that the awareness for the safety is quite low

among the employees. Steps may be undertaken to increase the awareness and

need for safety.

• The quality of shoes and mask provided may be improved as 59% of

the respondents have thus opined.

• The management needs to pay attention to the fact that 45% of the

respondents feel that the machines, equipments and tools are not well

designed, 42% feel it is not well maintained, 43% feels it is not well guarded

and ding out reasons for the same.

• The responses of the employees regarding the level of satisfaction of

welfare measures are clustered in the satisfactory region. The management

may take steps to convert these into highly satisfactory.

• Since 59% of the employees are not satisfied with the transport

facilities provided by the company, steps may be taken to provide facilities

especially for employees who have to work during night shifts.

• The conditions of the rest rooms and shelters may be improved

especially in the wharf and electrical sections. They may be provided with

adequate fans and facilities to rest.

• Canteen facilities may be provided by the company at both wharfs and

the electrical sections.

3.3 CONCLSION



A study was conducted on the safety and welfare measures provided to the

employees of LANCO INDUSTRIES.

A majority of 81% of the respondents was found to be satisfied with the safety

measures at, LANCO INDUSTRIES 2% were highly satisfied, 1% was neutral in their

opinion and only 16% dissatisfied with the safety measures.

A majority of the respondents feel secure while working at LIL and feel that

the safety measures help to reduce the severity of actions. Even though 56% of them

perceive a risk factor while working at LIL, a majority of 90% never avoid work due to

this risk factor.

The study again shows that there is a clustering of respondents’ opinion in the

satisfactory region regarding the level of satisfaction of welfare measures. This reveals

that a majority of respondents are satisfied with the existing welfare measures. The

management may take up steps to convert these into highly satisfactory.

The few welfare measures which were dissatisfactory were transport facilities,

rest room facilities and the time lapse in compassionate appointments. The management

may concentrate on these areas to increase the satisfaction level of employees towards the

welfare measures.

CHAPTER- 5



QUESTIONNAIRE

I PERSONAL DETAILS

Name (Optional) :

Age : � Up to 20 � 21- 30 � 31- 40 � 41- 50

� > 50

Category : � Highly Skilled � Skilled � Unskilled

Designation : ……………………………………………….

Department : � Mechanical � Traffic � Marine � Others

Gender : � Male � Female

Marital Status : � Single � Married

Educational Level : � 10th � 12th � Diploma

� Graduate � Post Graduate � Others

Length of service : � up to 5 yrs � 6- 10 yrs � 11-15 yrs

� 16- 20 yrs � > 20 yrs.

II SAFETY

1. Are adequate safety training programmes conducted for the employees of Lanco

Industries?

� Yes � No

2. Have you attended any safety training programme conducted by the Lanco

Industries?

� Yes � No

If yes, how was the safety training programme?

� Highly Effective � Effective � No Opinion � Ineffective � Highly

Ineffective



3. Does the Management provide awareness programmes relating to safety?

� Yes � No

If yes, what are the measures undertaken by LANCO INDUSTRIES to bring

about awareness for safety needs?

Observance of safety weeks �

Safety Competitions �

Talks on safety �

Bulletin Boards/ Slogans �

Pamphlets �

Booklets �

House Magazines �

4. What is your opinion about the following?

Provision of safety measures Adequate Inadequate No Opinion

Safety helmets � � �

Safety outfits � � �

Safety goggles � � �

Leather gloves � � �

Safety shoes � � �

Safety boots � � �

Safety mask � � �

Life saving Appliances � � �

Safety measures provided for

Cranes � � �



Forks lift Trucks � � �

Hatches � � �

Hazardous Cargo � � �

5. Do you make use of the above safety measures provided to you?

� Always � Sometimes � Never � No Opinion

6. Are the machines, equipments and tools:

Yes No

Well Designed � �

Well Maintained � �

Well Guarded � �

7. Is the layout of the workplace properly designed to avoid accidents?

� Yes � No � To an extent � No Opinion

8. Do the safety measures help in reducing the severity of accidents?


9. Are immediate actions taken to investigate accidents?


10. Do you perceive any risk factor while working at Lanco Industries?




III Welfare

11. Are you happy with the welfare provided at Lanco Industries?


12. Welfare measures help to

Strongly Agree- SA Agree- A No Opinion- N Disagree- D

Strongly Disagree- SD

SA A N D SD

Create better industrial relations � � � � �

Build greater loyalty to the company � � � � �

Helps faster team spirit � � � � �

13. What is your opinion about the following welfare measures at Lanco

Industries?

Highly Satisfactory- Hs Satisfactory- S Neutral- N

Dissatisfactory- D Highly Dissatisfactory- HD

HS S N D HD

Medical facilities � � � � �

Canteen facilities � � � � �

Rest room facilities � � � � �

Recreational facilities � � � � �

Cultural facilities � � � � �

Family Planning Programmes � � � � �



Educational facilities � � � � �

Transport facilities � � � � �

Co-operative Establishments � � � � �

Housing facilities � � � � �

Shopping facilities � � � � �

First Aid facilities � � � � �

Ex-gratia payments � � � � �

Compassionate Appointment � � � � �

14. Do the welfare measures satisfy your needs?


15. Do the welfare measures help in solving the problems faced by employees?


16. What is your level of satisfaction regarding welfare measures?

� Highly Satisfied � Satisfied � Neutral

� Dissatisfied � Highly Dissatisfied

17. Have you ever been disappointed by any of the welfare measures?

� Yes � No

If yes, (kindly specify)……………………………………..

18. What are the welfare measures you feel should be improved? Kindly specify.

…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………...



Thank you

Bibliography

KEITH DEVIS: HUMAN RELATIONS MANAGEMENT, Tata McGraw Hill

STEPHEN P. ROBBINS: ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR, Pearson

Education

NAIR and LATHABOGOLIALA: LABOUR LAWS, Prentice Hall of India


employee-welfare-and-measures

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