Managing Human Managing Human Resources Resources Safety and Health Safety and Health
Managing Human ResourcesManaging Human Resources
Safety and HealthSafety and Health
12–2
Strategic Importance of Workplace Safety and Health
• Benefits of a Safe and Healthy Workforce:
Higher productivity
Increased efficiency and quality
Reduced medical and insurance costs
Lower workers’ compensation rates and payments
Improved reputation as an employer of choice
12–3
Consequences of an Unsafe and Unhealthy Work Environment
• Injury and Disease Back injuries are most
prevalent Exposure to Chemicals
Undetected effects, possible long-term risk
• Mental Health Psychological symptoms
can affect productivity and life away from work
• Deaths and Violence• Economic Costs
12–4
Workplace Safety and Health in an Integrated HRM System
12–5
The External Environment
• Global Consideration There are substantial differences in national standards regarding
workplace safety and health.
• Global Organizations International Labour Organization (ILO) World Health Organization (WHO)
Strengthen international and national policies. Develop practices for improving health at work. Promote health at work through technical assistance/support. Develop human resources for the field of occupational health. Establish relevant and useful registration and data systems. Raise public awareness. Strengthen research on occupational health.
12–6
Workplace Safety and Health Hazards
• Occupational AccidentsOrganizational Qualities
Factors most affecting workplace accidents:– Working conditions and times– Tools and technology available to do the job
12–7
Individual Qualities: The Unsafe Employee• Characteristics that make people more
susceptible to accidents:Emotionally “low”Stressed
12–8
Violent Employees
• Homicide is leading cause of workplace deaths after highway accidents
• Signs of potential violence: Verbal threats Physical Actions
Intimidation Show weapons Try to gain access
Frustration mania
12–9
Occupational Diseases
• Disease-Causing Hazards:Arsenic, asbestos, benzene, bichloromethyletherCoal dust, coke-oven emissions, cotton dustLead, radiation, vinyl chloride
• Workers most likely to be exposed:Chemical and oil refinery workers, miners, textile
workersSteelworkers, lead smeltersMedical technicians, painters, shoemakers, plastics
industry workers
12–10
Diseases Linked to Workplace Hazards
• CancerLiver, lung, brain, kidney
• Lung DiseaseWhite, brown, and black lung
• Leukemia• Bronchitis, emphysema• Lymphoma, aplastic anemia• Central nervous system damage• Reproductive Disorders• Skin Diseases
12–11
Accident Prevention
• Design a safe work environmentGuards, handrailsSafety goggles, helmetsWarning lightsSelf-correcting mechanismsAutomatic shutoffs
• ErgonomicsChange job environment to match
capabilities limitations of employees
12–12
Accident Prevention (cont’d)
• Health and Safety CommitteesAt the department level, do implementation and
administrationAt the organization level, formulate policies
• Behavior ModificationSmall percentage of workforce responsible for
majority of health insurance claimsMeasure, communicate, monitor, and reinforce
desired behavior
• Assessing Intervention Effectiveness
12–13
Disease Prevention
• Reducing the Incidence of DiseasesRecord keepingMonitoring exposureGenetic screening
12–14
Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) of 1970• Mission of OSHA
To assure the safety and health of America’s workers by setting and enforcing standards providing training and education establishing partnerships with businesses encouraging continual improvements in workplace
safety and health
Coverage of employees—all nongovernmental employers and employees; state and local government employees
12–15
Provisions of OSHA
• OSHA StandardsApply to general industry, maritime, construction, and
agriculture Cover the workplace, machinery and equipment,
material, power sources, processing, protective clothing, first aid, and administrative requirements.
• Enforcement of the ActThe Secretary of Labor is authorized by the Act to
conduct workplace inspections, to issue citations, and to impose penalties on employers. Inspections are conducted by the Occupational Safety
and Health Administration of the Department of Labor.
12–16
Creating a Safe Work Environment
Safety Awareness Safety Awareness ProgramsPrograms
Safety Motivation Safety Motivation and Knowledgeand Knowledge
Enforcement of Enforcement of Safety RulesSafety Rules
Accident Accident Investigations Investigations and Recordsand Records
Elements in Creating a Safe Elements in Creating a Safe Work EnvironmentWork Environment
12–17
Creating a Safe Work Environment (cont’d)• Promoting Safety Awareness
The Key Role of the Supervisor
Communicating the need to work safely.
Proactive Safety Training Program First aid, defensive driving, accident prevention
techniques, hazardous materials, and emergency procedures.
Information Technology and Safety Awareness and Training
12–18
Creating a Safe Work Environment (cont’d)• Typical Safety Rules
Using proper safety devices
Using proper work procedures
Following good housekeeping practices
Complying with accident- and injury-reporting procedures
Wearing required safety clothing and equipment
Avoiding carelessness and horseplay
12–19
Creating a Healthy Work Environment
• Recognizing and Controlling Health Hazards Related to Hazardous Materials and Processes
Use substitutes for hazardous materials.
Alter hazardous processes and engineering controls.
Enclose or isolate hazardous processes.
Issue clothing to protect against hazards.
Improve ventilation.
12–20
Key Elements for a Successful Ergonomics ProgramKey Elements for a Successful Ergonomics Program
• Provide notice and training for employees.• Conduct pre-injury hazard assessment.• Involve employees.• File injury reports.• Plan and execute.• Evaluate and assess the ergonomics program.
12–21
Workplace Violence
• Reducing Violence in the Workplace
Commitment to prevent violence
Identify areas of potential violence
Develop violence prevention policies
Provide violence prevention training
Evaluate program effectiveness
12–22
Building Better Health
Alternative Approaches Wellness Programs
Health Services Focus on Nutrition
12–23
Employee Health• Cleanliness ( sewerage and sanitation) • Air ventilation and temperature (maximum 25 – 30 degree Celsius)
Cross ventilation, required no of fans and exhaust fansThermometer kept in visible place
• Dust Sucker, Mask • Lighting• Safe drinking water
Minimum 4 ltr per dayMin 6 mtr away from toiletsWater cooler ( 250 employees and more)3 ltr saline water if neededToilets
one / 25 (female) up to first 500one / 40 (male) up to first 500
12–24
Employee Safety• Safety of building equipment and other infrastructure• Fire fighting and safety ( emergency door, 2 per room, emergency
staircase)• Fire fighting equipment• Safety against electrical wearing and connections• Crane and lift etc• Turbine