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EMPLOYMENTAND EARNINGS
VOL. 16 NO. 11 M A Y 1 9 7 O
Joseph M. Finerty, EditorJohn E. Bregger, Associate Editor
CONTENTS
Page
Employment and unemployment developments, April 1970 2New
statistics on reasons why workers are unemployed 5Teenage
employment requirements in the summer of 1970
for select urban areas 10Charts 12Statistical tables
Monthly 21Annual averages-State and area, 1967-69 115
Map-location of areas in the current employment
statisticsprogram - 1969 133
Area definitions 134Technical note 138
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Employment and Unemployment Developments,April 1970
Unemployment increased for the fourth con-secutive month in
April. The overall rate rosesharply from 4.4 to 4.8 percent, the
highest pointsince April 1965. Nearly all of the increase oc-curred
among male full-time workers.
Nonfarm payroll employment, after seasonaladjustment, declined
by 90,000 in April as aresult of increased strike activity. In
manufac-turing, a large decline in employment was ac-companied by a
decrease in the factory work-week.
Unemployment
The number of unemployed persons, whichusually falls
significantly in April, declinedmuch less than usual this April. As
a result,after seasonal adjustment, unemployment wasup by 300,000
to 3.9 million.
Since December, unemployment has risen by1.1 million. About
450,000 of the increase oc-curred among persons who had lost their
lastjobs, 300,000 was among reentrants to the laborforce, 200,000
among persons who had neverworked before, and 125,000 among job
leavers.(See the new table A-35 containing seasonallyadjusted data
on reasons for unemployment.)
Thus far this year, the unemployment ratehas risen from 3.5
percent in December to 4.8percent in April. Although both full-time
andpart-time jobless rates have risen since De-cember, the
unemployment increase has beensubstantially greater among full-time
workers.In April, nearly all of the increase occurredamong
full-time workers, whose rate rose from4.0 to 4.4 percent.
The unemployment rate for adult men rosefrom 2.9 to 3.2 percent
between March andApril, while that for married men increasedfrom
2.2 to 2.4 percent. Both rates have risensteadily since December
and are back to thelevels of mid-1965. The jobless rate for
adult
women was virtually unchanged in April at 4.4percent; however,
it was up nearly a full per-centage point since December. The
increase injoblessness has not been as great for adultwomen as for
men over this period.
The teenage unemployment rate moved upsharply in April, after
changing very little inrecent months. Their rate rose from 13.9 to
15.7percent, also the highest point in 5 years.
The jobless rate for workers covered by Stateunemployment
insurance programs rose from2.7 to 3.1 percent in April, the
highestrate sinceMay 1965. This rate has been rising since
lastSeptember. A year ago, the rate was 2.1 percent.
The unemployment rate for Negro workersrose much more markedly
than for whites inApril, climbing from 7.1 to 8.7 percent. Thewhite
rate increased from 4.1 to 4.3 percent.After remaining less than
double the white ratesince last fall, the ratio of Negro-to-white
job-less rates returned to the 2-to-l relationshipthat has
prevailed for many years* The largerover-the-month increase for
Negroes occurrednot only among adult men and teenagers but
alsoamong adult women*
Among occupation g r o u p s , unemploymentrates rose over the
month for clerical and salesworkers andfor craftsmen and nonfarm
laborers*Although jobless rates for professional and tech-nical
workers, operatives, and service workerswere about unchanged from
March, they have allmoved up considerably in recent months.
Although the only significant industry joblessrate increases
over the month occurred amongworkers last employed in trade and
transporta-tion and public utilities* rates in the other
indus-tries remained well above levels of the fall of1969. Until
April, these two industries had ex-perienced only moderate
unemployment in-creases. However, the increases in both tradeand
transportation in April were partly due to the
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secondary effects of the strike in the truckingindustry. Jobless
rates in manufacturing (4.8percent) and construction (8.1 percent)
were un-changed for the second consecutive month, afterrising in
February.
Short-term unemployment of less than 5 weeksduration rose by
300,000 in April to 2.3 million,the highest level since this series
began in 1948.Unemployment of 15 weeks or over was about un-changed
in April at 575,000. As a result, long-term unemployment as a
proportion of the laborforce remained at its March level of 0.7
percent*
Along with the rise in unemployment in April,there was also an
increase of 425,000 in thenumber of persons who were working part
timefor economic reasons, such as slack work, ma-terial shortages,
could find only part-time work,or started or stopped a job during
the week. Asa result of these developments, the percent oflabor
force time lost by the unemployed and bypersons involuntarily
working part time in-creased from 4.8 percent in March to 5.1
per-cent in April. (Labor force time lost is a meas-ure of
man-hours lost as a percent of potentiallyavailable labor force
man-hours.) As with theoverall unemployment rate, the hours-lost
ratewas at its highest point since the spring of 1965.
Civilian Labor Force andTotal Employment
The civilian labor force increased in line withseasonal
expectations in April. After seasonaladjustment, the labor force
was virtually un-changed from the March level of 86.1
million.Although the adult male labor force rose slightly,the adult
women and teenage labor forces wereunchanged, after increasing
sharply in recentmonths.
Total employment also increased in April,mostly due to the
normal upsurge in agriculture.Nonagricultural employment did not
show itsusual March-to-April gain and, as a result, em-ployment
fell by 225,000 after seasonal adjust-ment.
Since December, the labor force has increasedby 1.3 million
persons (seasonally adjusted)625,000 adult men, 400,000 adult
women, and
275,000 teenagers. Employment growth, how-ever, has reached a
virtual standstill.
Industry Payroll Employment
Employment on nonagricultural payrolls in-creased slightly less
than usual in April and,after seasonal adjustment, was down by
90,000.However* the decline was due entirely to newstrike activity
in construction, transportationand public utilities, and
government* (Workerson strike are not counted as employed in the
pay-roll employment series, whereas they are clas-sified as
"employedwith a job but not at work"in the household series.)
As has been true since early fall, over-the-month increases in
service-producing industrieswere about counter-balanced by declines
in man-ufacturing. Employment in manufacturing de-clined by 145,000
(seasonally adjusted) betweenMarch and April, with virtually all of
the cut-backs occurring within the durable goods sector.The largest
decrease occurred in transportationequipment (40,000), primarily
due to continuedlayoffs in the automobile and aircraft
industries.Large declines also occurred in the fabricatedmetal
products, primary metal, electrical equip-ment, and food
industries. There were smallerbut widespread declines in many other
manufac-turing industries. Since the early fall of 1969,employment
in manufacturing had dropped by475,000.
Contract construction employment declinedby 65,000 in April,
after seasonal adjustment,with over two-thirds of the drop due to
in-creased strike activity. The level of employmentin construction
was about the same as a yearago.
Payroll employment advances were posted ingovernment (90,000),
trade (35,000), and in serv-ices and finance, insurance, and real
estate. Thelarge gain in government reflected the additionalhiring
of temporary Census workers. Since Feb-ruary, about 175,000 Census
workers have beenhired by the Federal government.
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Hours of Work
The workweek in manufacturing declined by0.& hour in April
to 40.0 houi*s, seasonally ad-justed, returning to about the
February level.Since December, the average workweek forfactory
workers has fallen by nearly three-fourths of an hour* The
over-the-month declinewas generally widespread, with the largest
dropsoccurring in primary metals, machinery, chem-icals, and
petroleum.
Factory overtime continued its downwardtrend of recent months,
falling by 0.1 hour inApril to 3.0 hours. Since the 1969 high
reachedin January, factory overtime has dropped by 0.8hour, to its
lowest point in 6 years.
For all rank-and-file workers on private non-farm payrolls,
average weekly hours in Aprilwere unchanged for the third
consecutive monthat 37.4 hours (seasonally adjusted). Since
earlyfall, the workweek was off by 0.4 hour. Among
the major industry divisions, an over-the-monthincrease in the
construction workweek was off-set by reductions in manufacturing,
mining, andfinance.Earnings
Average hourly earnings for production andnonsupervisory workers
on private payrollsedged up by 1 cent in April to $3.18*
Comparedwith a year ago, hourly earnings were up 20 centsor 6.7
percent.
Average weekly earnings were virtually un-changed over the
month. Among the major in-dustries, increases in weekly earnings in
con-struction and trade were countered by declinesin manufacturing,
mining, and finance, insurance,and real estate*
Over the year ending in March 1970, averageweekly earnings rose
by 5.6 percent; after ad-justment for consumer price changes,
however,earnings were down by 0.4 percent.
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New Statistics on the Reasons Why Workers Are UnemployedKathryn
D. Hoyle*
Regular publication of seasonally adjusteddata on unemployed
persons, classified by thereason why they became unemployed,
beginswith this issue of Employment and Earnings andwill continue
on a monthly basis. Information onwhether unemployed persons had
lost their lastjob, left it, or were entering the labor forceeither
as reentrants or new workershas pre-viously been available only on
an actual basis(not seasonally adjusted). The more
detailedinformation, which is not seasonally adjusted,will continue
to appear in table A-12.
Beginning with the current issue, a new table(A-35) is being
presented which provides sea-sonally adjusted data on unemployed
per sons wholost their last job, left their last job, reenteredthe
labor force, or never worked before. Thesedata will be presented in
terms of levels, per-cent distributions, and as a percent of the
civil-ian labor force. The historical data for the newseasonally
adjusted data from January 1967(when the series began) appear on
page 9.
During the period that information on thereasons for
unemployment has been available \the job-loser group has shown
itself, to be themost sensitive to economic conditions. All ofthe
decrease in unemployment that occurredfrom July 1967 to December
1968 (the recentlow point for the unemployment level) occurredin
this group. Since then, unemployment hasbeen increasing, and job
loss has constitutedalmost 55 percent of rise. Most of the
restabout one-fourth of the totalhas been due to anincrease among
unemployed reentrants.
Definitions
Unemployed persons by reason for unemploy-ment are divided into
the f o l l o w i n g fourcategories:
I. Persons who lost their last jobA. Persons on layoff, either
temporary or
indefinite.
B. All other job losers who had their em-ployment involuntarily
terminated andwho began looking for work within acomparatively
short time span (includ-ing persons forced to retire who
im-mediately began look for work).
II. Persons who left their last job by volun-tarily terminating
their employment andwho began looking for work within a
com-paratively short time span (including per-sons who voluntarily
retired and immed-iately began looking for work).
III. Persons who reentered the labor force andwho had previously
worked at a full-timejob lasting 2 weeks or longer but were outof
the labor force prior to beginning tolook for work*
IV. Persons who never worked before at afull-time job lasting 2
weeks or longerand who began looking for work.
When the above groups are calculated as apercent of the civilian
labor force, the resultsare often called unemployment rates.
However,they are not true unemployment rates as theterm is
generally used. For most unemploymentrates, the numerator and
denominator consistof groups with largely similar
characteristics.For example, the unemployment rate for adultmen is
"every unemployed adult male" dividedby "every adult male in the
labor force," andthe unemployment rate for manufacturing is"every
unemployed worker who last workedin manufacturing" divided by "the
entire man-ufacturing labor force." Instead of this, thejob-loser
rate is "unemployed job losers"divided by "everyone in the labor
force;" thereentrant rate is " u n e m p l o y e d reentrants"
*Of the Division of Employment and Unem-ployment Analysis,
Bureau of Labor Statistics.
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divided by "everyone in the labor force," andso forth. As the
table below shows, in the caseof unemployed persons by reasons for
unem-ployment, the composition of the numerator isgenerally
dissimilar from the makeup of thedenominator, which is the civilian
labor force.For example, nearly all of the new workers
areteenagers, but, in order to obtain the new-worker rate, this
group is divided by a laborforce that is overwhelmingly composed of
adultworkers.
On the other hand, the ranges for the job-loserand reentrant
ratesgroups which each ac-counted for 35 percent of unemployment
in1969have been 0.7 and 0.5 percentage point,respectively. The
smaller categories of unem-ploymentjob leavers and new
workershadrates with ranges of only 0.2 and 0.3 percentagepoint,
respectively.
Because of the limitations brought out above,the levels of
unemployment by reason, rather
Unemployment and labor force in 1969(percent distribution)
UnemployedJob losers. . .Job leavers . .Reentrants . .New
workers .
Civilian laborforce
Total
. 100.0
. 100.0
. 100.0
. 100.0
100.0
Males, 20 yearsof age and over
54.737.622.46.5
57.4
Females, 20 yearsof age and over
32.939.247.213.3
34.0
Both sexes, 16 to19 years of age
12.423.230.580.1
8.6
As a consequence of this anomaly, changes inthe unemployment
situation for a particulargroup in any one short period of time may
not bereflected in the rate for that group because thelabor force
base may be reacting to influencescompletely unrelated to that
particular group.For example, the level of unemployment for
newworkers might begin to increase before the de-mand for
experienced workers slackened; how-ever, if the civilian labor
force were still
^growing, this would disguise the increase in new-worker
unemployment as reflected in the new-worker rate.
Another caution on interpreting the rates byreason for
unemployment is necessary. Sinceeach separate unemployed group is
divided bythe entire labor force, as is total unemployment,the
rates by reasons are additive to the vOtalunemployment rate. The
smaller the unemploy-ment group when measured against the
entirelabor force, the smaller is the change in therate that will
be shown for it. For example, inthe 40 months ending in April 1970,
the totalunemployment rate has varied between 3.3 and4.8 percenta
range of 1.5 percentage points.
than the rates, are probably more valuable inanalyzing
short-term trends.
Composition
Job losers. The underlying reasons why a per-son loses a job are
perhaps the most easily andwidely understood. The individual job
loser is aperson who often has little control over job loss,which
may result from business failure, de-creased workload, m e c h a n
i z a t i o n , seasonalwork, forced retirement, layoff, and so
forth.A person also may be a job loser for reasonsother than
economicdiscrimination by a sup-ervisor, poor work habits,
inability to learn thenecessary skills, and other reasons. On an
an-nual average basis in 1969, adult men con-stituted about 55
percent of all unemployed joblosers; women about 35 percent; and
teenagersabout 10 percent.
Job leavers. The reasons why some peopleleave one job only to
begin looking ffor anotherare varied. Some of the reasons for
quitting ajob are unsuitable or unacceptable conditionssuch as
differences with the boss, unpleasant
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working conditions, low wages, no opportunityfor advancement.
Some persons can look for abetter job while remaining on their
present one;others have to quit in order to look. Other per-sons
quit in anticipation of job loss. Three-fourthsof the unemployed
job leavers in 1969 were adultworkers, about.equally divided
between men andwomen.
Entrants. Reentrants and new workers oftenhave similar reasons
for entering the laborforce, which vary more by age and sex than
byprevious work experience. In 1969, nearly halfof the unemployed
reentrants were adult women,30 percent were teenagers, and 20
percent wereadult men. The vast majority of new workers,however,
were teenagers (80 percent).
Two-fifths of the unemployed entrants wereseeking temporary work
in 1969; teenagers con-stituted 60 percent of this group. Although
manyof these youngsters are not forced to work byeconomic
necessity, some of them do need tem-porary jobs to help pay for
school or familyexpenses. These young workers also need to
ac-cumulate work experience, but their very lackof experience and
their age make it especiallydifficult for them to find jobs.
Persons who had permanently left school(either graduates or
dropouts) constituted a littlemore than 10 percent of the
unemployed entrantsin 1969. Many of these youths had worked
atsummer or part-time jobs and were looking fortheir first
permanent full-time jobs.
Half of the unemployed entrants had variousc'other" reasons for
entering the labor force.
The most frequently given ''other" reason isfinancial need.
Also, some persons drop out ofthe labor force temporarily because
of sicknessand return to look for work. Others leave thelabor force
to supplement educational or voca-tional skills and return when the
new skills havebeen acquired.
Divorce, s e p a r a t i o n , and illness or death ofa husband
force many women to enter the jobmarket to support themselves and
their chil-dren. Others leave the labor force when theirfamilies
relocate but return to look for work
when the new household is set up. Still otherswho want to work
can enter the labor force onlyafter their children have reached
school age.
While seasonal work is the primary reasonfor reentry among adult
men, other reasons in-clude discharge from the Armed Forces,
illness,and, to a lesser extent, release from hospitals,prisons, or
other insitutions.
Seasonal AdjustmentJProcedureIn developing seasonal adjustment
factors for
the new series, the usual Bureau of Labor Sta-tistics
procedures, which require 8 years ofdata, could not be used. The
series on reasonsfor unemployment consisted of only 3 years ofdata,
so a modified method was used. The tech-nique was a simple ratio to
a 12-month centeredmoving average as described in standard
statis-tical textbooks. This method was deemed par-ticularly
applicable because the period for whichdata were available
(1967-69) was free of anymarked cyclical patterns.
Because of the use of a different method ofseasonal adjustment,
unemployment by reasonmay not add to precisely the same level or
rateas total unemployment*]/
Standard Errors
Since the estimates for unemployment byreason are based on a
sample, they may differfrom the figures that would have been
obtainedif a complete census using the same schedulesand procedures
had been possible. The standarderror is a measure of sampling
variability, thatis, the variation that might occur by chance
be-cause only a sample of the population is surveyed.
1/ Also, the introduction of the compositingmethod in the first
6 months of the new seriesintroduced differences from total
unemploymentduring that period.
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The standard errors at the 1.6-sigma levelof confidence for the
seasonally adjusted levelsof u n e m p l o y m e n t by reason are
givenbelow.
Standard error at 1.6 sigmaon seasonally adjusted un-employment
level by reason(in thousands)
Month-to-Estimated level of month changeunemployment (in
(consecutivethousands) Monthly level months only)
100 20 25200 29 353 0 0 . . . . 35 43400 41 50500 46 56600 50
61700 54 65800 '.'.'. 1 . ' . ' . . . ' 58 70900 61 74
1,000 64 771,500.. . . 79 942,000 91 1072,500 102 1173,000 HI
127
The standard errors for the unemploymentrates by reason vary
from each other only whenthe percents differ. This is because all
four ratesare computed on the same base the entirecivilian labor
force. Therefore, if the job-loserand new-worker rates were
identical, theirstandard errors would be the same. The
standarderrors at the 1.6-sigma level of significance forthe
seasonally adjusted unemployment rates byreason, based on the
current levels of employ-ment and unemployment, are given
below.
Unemployment rateby reason
0.1.23.4.5.7
1.0.1.52.02.53.0
Standard error at 1.6 sigmaon percentage point changein the
seasonally adjustedunemployment rate by rea-son (consecutive
month-to-month change only)
0.03.03.05.05.06.06.08.10.10.11.13
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SEASONALLY ADJUSTED SERIES
LOST LAST JOB
JAN. FEB.IN THOUSANDS1967.......... 1,188 1,1841968..........
1,216 1,1811969.......... 954 968
MAR.
1,1661,137
992
APR.
1,2711,0531,051
MAY
1, 2341, 0661,029
JUN.
1,4041,0271,055
JUL.
1,2301,0541,009
AUG.
It 1931,059981
SEPT. OCT.
1,2231,014
993
1,243982
1,010
NOV.
1,234975
1,033
OEC. AVG.
1,249 1,229944 1,070
1,170 1,016
IN THOUSANDS1967.*1968.
403431440
409466409
405462414
414427445
LEFT
473468400
LAST JQ3
435416451
426444434
432439452
464409433
484392411
453420426
464408455
438431436
IN THOUSANDS1967...1963.........1969..
REENTERED LABOR FORCE
182826976
998921891
1,044893931
919907929
960863985
1879,001843
854970967 1,
904908,041 1,
921882,079 1,
937862,079
911889999
887912916
945908964
IN THOUSANDS1967.........196b.........1969.........
NEVER WORKED BEFORE
465406411
434408408
441408411
463397425
407421399
425417400
415413427
441387411
417407495
431391462
42 6396358
398420358
428406413
1967.1968.1969.
JOB LOSERS AS PERCENT OF ENTIRE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
1.1.1.
562
1.1.1.
552
1.1.1.
542
1.1.1.
733
111
.6
.4
.3
111
8.3.3
1.1.1.
632
111
.5
.3
.2
111
.6
.3
.2
111
.6
.2
.2
1.1.1.
623
111
.6
.2 4
1.1.1.
643
1967.1968.1969.
.5
.6 6
.5 6.5
JOB LEAVERS AS PERCENT OF ENTIRE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
.5
.6 5
.5
.5
.6
.6
.6
.5
6.5.6
.6
.6
.5
6.6.6
.6
.5
.6
.6
.5
.5
.6 5.5
.6
.5 6
.5
.5
1967.1968.1969.
REENTRANTS AS PERCENT OF ENTIRE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
1.1.1.
512
1.1.1.
321
1.1.1.
412
111
.2
.2
.2
1I1
.3
.1
.2
111
.1
.3
.0
1.1.1.
122
111
.2
.2
.3
1.1.1.
213
1.1.1.
213
1.1.1.
212
1.1.1.
111
1.1.1.
222
1967.1968.1969.
NEW ENTRANTS AS PERCENT OF ENTIRE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
.6
.5
.5
6.5.5
.6
.5,5
.6
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
6.5.5
.5
.5
.5
.6 5.5
.5
.5
.6
.6
.5
.6
.5
.5
.4
u.
.5
.4
.6
.5
.5
NOTE: The above levels and rates of unemployment should not be
expected to add to the seasonally adjusted total unemployment
rate,because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the reasons
series. Additional variation exists in the first 6 months of 1967
becauseof the introduction of the compositing estimation
procedures.
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Teenage Employment Requirements in the Summer of 1970for Select
Urban Areas
Paul M. Schwab*
The difficulties in obtaining employment thatconfront teenagers
in our large cities becomeparticularly acute during the summer
months(June-August), when large numbers of theseyoung people enter
the job market at the sametime. In light of the recent national
trend towardhigher unemployment, the job-hunting obstaclesfacing
youths this summer may be more severethan at any time in recent
years. 1/ The esti-mates of the teenage labor force for the
summerof 1970 presented here are intended to providea rough
indicator of the number of jobs that willbe needed this summer in
the Nation and itsmajor urban areas.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates that,of the average of
2.8 million teenagers who willenter the U.S. labor force between
the spring andsummer of this year, 2/ approximately two-thirds will
be students looking for summer jobs,while the remainder will be
high school graduateslooking for permanent employment. If the
sameproportion of all teenage jobseekers are to findjobs this
summer as in last, at least2.2 millionadditional permanent and
temporary jobs will beneeded between this spring and summer.
In the Nation's 20 largest metropolitan areas,about 2.6 million
youths will be in the labor forcethis coming summer, somewhat more
than in 1969.The number of jobs available during this sum-mer,
therefore, will have to be 75,000 greaterthan last year's total
just to maintain the samerate of joblessness in both years. If all
16-19year-olds seeking jobs in these cities were tofind employment,
450,000 more jobs would beneeded than were needed in 1969.
Many young people will have found jobs dur-ing the winter and
spring and, therefore, will notbe hunting for jobs initially during
the summermonths. Roughly 1.7 million teenagers wereestimated to be
employed in these 20 metropol-itan areas in the spring of 1970,
slightly morethan were employed a year ago. Many of thesejobs,
however, are part-time positions held bystudents who will probably
seek full-time em-ployment either for the school vacation periodor
for the beginning of their working careerupon graduation*
The Bureau of Labor Statistics has been re-porting these
projected summer job needs forthe past few years. Although both the
teenagelabor force and the number of employed youthsincreased
moderately in the summer of 1969,these gains remained well below
the exception-ally strong increases posted in 1966, when therewas a
large increase in the teenage population.As in recent years, the
jobless rate for blackyouths continued to be more than double the
ratefor white teenagers. In order to attain paritybetween these two
groups, efforts to utilize man-power programs and to continue to
attack dis-criminatory practices must be strengthened.
*Of the Division of Employment and Unem-ployment Analysis,
Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1/ For a brief profile of summer job pros-pects in the Nation as
a whole, see OccupationOutlook Quarterly, Bureau of Labor
Statistics,Spring 1970, pp. 1-9.
2/ An even greater number of teenagers willenter the labor force
at some time during thesummer,
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Projected teenage labor force in the 20 largest metropolitan
areas, summer 1970
Metropolitan areaTeenage " W J W l w Projectedi x teenage ,
,
remployment / . labor forcem r^ employment
1ft_nsummer 1969 . * summer 1970spring 1970
Total United States
Total 20 Areas
New York ,Los Angeles-Long Beach.Chicago ,PhiladelphiaDetroitSan
Francisco-Oakland .,BostonPittsburghSt. LouisWashington,
D.CClevelandBaltimoreNewark . . . . . . . . . . . . .MinneapolisSt.
Paul . . .BuffaloHouston . . . . . . . . . . . .
.MilwaukeePaterson-Clifton-PassaicCincinnatiDallas
7,590,000
2,180,000
325,000225,000255,000165,000170,00080,000
115,00070,00075,000
100,00085,00075,00060,00085,00045,00060,00050,00050,00030,00060,000
5,605,000
1,700,000
240,000215,000200,000110,000130,00075,00085,00055,00065,00065,00060,00060,00040,00075,00035,00045,00040,00030,00025,00050,000
9,070,000
2,615,000
380,000290,000305,000195,000205,000100,000130,00095,00090,000
120,000100,00090,00075,00095,00055,00070,00060,00060,00045,00065,000
NOTE: The above estimates have been calculated using 1969 labor
force participationand unemployment rates.
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal
Reserve Bank of St. Louis
-
LABOR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT1957 to date
(Seasonally adjusted)MILLION? MILLIONSn o ->^
86
84
82
80
78
76
74
72
70
68
66
64
62
60
58
56
^ -
L
^ ^
*** '
_ ^
^ -
. Tntn
+ *
* -
Civilia
* * *
Tota 1 labor
n labor force
IS"
\ ^
force
y ^*^/t^ Nonagricultural employment
i1957 1959 1961 1963 1965 1966
Quarterly averages
^ ^
-
* ~ H
i i i i i i i i i n III 111IIII1 Mi 1.711967 1968 1969 1970
Monthly data
86
84
82
80
78
76
74
72
70
68
66
64
62
60
58
Chart 2.
PERCENT10.0
9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0
MAJOR UNEMPLOYMENT INDICATORS1953 to date
(Seasonally adjusted)
l\\ f
Unemployment rate- | / | \ \ yall civilian workers K \ V
Iff
1
i
V
\
Jit\\vjJ1 W
Un
t nf lahnrorce time lost
IAIJXemployment remarried men
te-
V
X.
\
***
i I I111 II 111
- ^ ^ ^
11 1111 1111 1 11 1111 111 11
j/I
//
1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1
1953 1955 1957 1959 1961 1963 19651966
Quarterly averages
1967 1968 1969
Monthly data
1970
PERCENT10.0
9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0
Series revised beginning 1963 to reflect whether unemployed
persons sought full-or part-time jobs
12
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal
Reserve Bank of St. Louis
-
Chart 3.
MILLIONS
PAYROLL EMPLOYMENT IN GOODS-PRODUCING INDUSTRIES1957 to date
(Seasonally adjusted)14
12
10
6;
A]
2
0
- ^
*
Non
V
Cot
^ 1durable3 goods
MB
\ericult
tract c
Mir
onstruc
ling-
jm *
tion _
-
M ^
11111111111111111111111 111111111111 11111111111111111,0
MILLIONS14
10
,1957 1959 1961 1963Quarterly averages
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969Monthly data
1970
"Includes self-employed and unpaid family workers.Note: Data for
2 most recent months are preliminary.
Chart 4.
MILLIONS
PAYROLL EMPLOYMENT IN SERVICE PRODUCING INDUSTRIES1957todate
(Seasonally adjusted)ID
14
12
10
6:
4
I1
0'
- *
Finar
i
**i
ice , in
Fe
^ ^
m ~
suranc
deral gc
Stat
Whole:
*
3 and 1
>ale an
Serv
)cal go
Transportation an
i and real estate-
>vernment
j retail- ^
i c e ^
^ ^
vernme
d publi
trade^
nti
: utiliti S *
I l l l l l l l l l l l
MILLIONS16
llllllllllirf n1957 1959 ' 1961 1963
Quarterly averages1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970
Monthly data
Note: Data for 2 most recent months are preliminary.
13
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Reserve Bank of St. Louis
-
Chart 5 .
UNEMPLOYMENT RATES BY AGE1953 to date
PERCENT (Seasonally adjusted)IDlb
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
n
A\r\if ^117IT4
If1 V
nTeenagers/ | \ /
ArV
//
*
1 A
I[
1 A^/
\ / V
/ \ W o m e n 2^ years
/len 20 years and
\\
\\
\
and over
^ sover ^ .
1953 1955 1957 1959 1961 1963 1965 1966Quarterly averages
AND SEX
PERCENT
AIn A
r f
I l l l l l l l l l l J1IJ1111111
1IJr
,^-^-%I l l l l M i l l
/*f
IIIII nun
1967 1968 1969 1970Monthly data
1O
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
n
Chart 6.
MILLIONS7654
32
1
0
TOTAL UNEMPLOYMENT BY DURATION1953 to date
(Seasonally adjusted)
Total uner
1v
nployment
Ain - ^
/ Ar **
MILLIONS7654
32
1
0
PERCENT80
DURATION OF UNEMPLOYMENT AS A PERCENT OF THE TOTALPERCENT
80
I l l l l l l l l l l
A A
I l l l l l l l l l l i i i i i i i i n i
60
40
20
1953 1955 1957 1959 1961 1963 1965 1966Quarterly averages
14
1967 1968 1969 1970Monthly data
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal
Reserve Bank of St. Louis
-
Chart 7.
HOURS42.0
41.0
40.0
39.0
38.0
37.0
36.0
35.0
HOURS OF WORK IN TOTAL PRIVATE NONAGRICULTURALESTABLISHMENTS,
MANUFACTURING, AND TRADE
1957 to date(Seasonally adjusted)
T
f
Who. ^
esale a
My
\ /id reta
anufad
It7a7e
urmg^ -
T(\ |
)tal pri\/ate ^
1 II 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1
V
11111 ii 11111
v^.
1 1 1 IN 1 II 1 1 1 ifOVERTIME HOURS IN MANUFACTURING
^liinwi urn u,
1 11 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1
hv
1111111111 n I l l l l l l l l l I 1
1957 1959 1961 1963Quarterly averages
^Includes eating and drinking establishments, not previously
available.Note: Data for 2 most recent months are preliminary.
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969Monthly data
1970
HOURS42.0
41.0
40.0
39.0
38.0
37.0
.36.0
35.0
0
5
4
3
2
1
0
Chart 8.AVERAGE WEEKLY EARNINGS IN TOTAL PRIVATE
NONAGRICULTURAL
ESTABLISHMENTS, MANUFACTURING, AND TRADEDOLLARS150
140
110
100
60
1957 to date
:
^y
M< nufact jringy
Whol
s
^
Bsale ar
^ ^
id retai
^ ^
* Tc
*
\trade
tal pri\/ate
V -
1 1 1
y/r
r
j
/
1 1 1 II 1 11 11
*
111 11111 in 11
DOLLARS150
130
120
110
100
70
60
1957 1959 1961 1963Quarterly averages
* Includes eating and drinking establishments, not previously
javailable.Note: Data for 2 most recent months are preliminary.
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969Monthly data
1970
15
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal
Reserve Bank of St. Louis
-
Chart 9.
MILLIONS18
EMPLOYMENT IN NONFARM OCCUPATIONS1958 to date
(Seasonally adjusted quarterly averages)WHITE-COLLAR WORKERS
MILLIONS
18
MILLIONS17
BLl E-COLLAR AND SERVICE WORKERS MILLIONS17
1958 1959 1960
Excludes household workers.
1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970
16
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal
Reserve Bank of St. Louis
-
chart io.- PERSONS AT WORK IN NONAGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIESBY FULL-
AND PART-TIME STATUS
1957 to date(Seasonally adjusted quarterly averages)
MILLIONS FULL-TIME SCHEDULES MILLIONS64
62
60
58
56
54
52
50
48
46W
/ ~ ^
Full-time work e r s - ^
i i i
M M
1 1 1
04
62
60
58
56
54
52
50
48
46
U U
MILLIONS PART-TIME SCHEDULES MILLIONS12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
n
'
x^>y
^ - ^ ' N
Workers on voluntaryvpart-time schedules \
y
r- Workers on part time/ for economic reasons
" ^
s _
i i i 1 1 1
1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
1970
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
o
17
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal
Reserve Bank of St. Louis
-
Chart 11.
Percent6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
UNEMPLOYMENT RATES BY OCCUPATION1958 to date
(Seasonally adjusted quarterly averages)
White-collar workers
- *
/ ^
Professional and technical
Managers, officials and proprietorsl i i
1 1 M
^
Percent6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
Blue-collar workers18.0
17.0
16.0
15.0
14.0
13.0
12.0
11.0
10.0
9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
1KA/ V\ KA v' X\N
Cr
A/ \ N
/ V/\Jr \
< A NVA
aftsmen
A\and forerr
Dnfarm \i borers
\ / \V \Opera
len
ivess\ >
18.0
17.0
16.0
15.0
1.4.0
13.0
12.0
11.0
10.0
9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
Service and farm workers8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
01958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 196.8 1969
1970
18
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal
Reserve Bank of St. Louis
-
UNEMPLOYMENT RATES BY COLOR1957 to date
PERCENT (Seasonally adjusted quarterly averages) PERCENT15
13
11
9
7
5
3
1
o
1
/ \1/
/A
/ ^f
\ V i\J
^^s \
Negro and other races
White w
N
^s_
^ ,
. ^ ^
' ^ ^ - m
/
1 0
13
11
9
7
5
3
1n
RATIO RATIO OF NEGRO TO WHITE UNEMPLOYMENT RATE R A T , 0
3
2
1
o
*. ^ -"% *+^^ ^s- i ^ ^
i i i i l l
1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
1970
6
2
1
o
Chart 13.
STATE INSURED UNEMPLOYMENT RATESWeek ending April 18, 1970
(Not seasonally adjusted)
Insured jobless under State unemployment insurance programs
excludes workerswho have exhausted their benefit rights, new
workers, and persons from jobsnot covered by State unemployment
insurance programs.
Source Manpower Administration
19
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Reserve Bank of St. Louis
-
MONTHLY TABLES
HOUSEHOLD DATA PageEmployment StatusA- 1: Employment status of
the noninstitutional population, 1929 to date 23A- 2: Employment
status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over
by sex, 1947 to date 24A- 3: Employment status of the
noninstitutional population by sex, age, and color. . . 25A- 4:
Labor force by sex, age, and color 27A- 5: Employment status of
persons 16-21 years of age in the noninstitutional
population by color and sex . 29A- 6: Employment status of the
noninstitutional population 16 years and over by
sex, age, and color 29A- 7: Full- and part-time status of the
civilian labor force by age and sex 30Characteristics of the
UnemployedA- 8: Unemployed persons by sex and age , 31A- 9:
Unemployed persons by marital status, sex, age, and color 31A-10:
Unemployed persons by occupation of last job and sex. 32A-11 :
Unemployed persons by industry of last job and sex 32A-12:
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and color
33A-13: Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, duration,
sex, and age 33A-14: Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
34A-15: Unemployed persons by duration, sex, age, color, and
marital status. 34A-16: Unemployed persons by duration, occupation,
and industry of last job 35Characteristics of the EmployedA-17:
Employed persons by sex and age 35A-18: Employed persons by
occupation group, sex and age 36A-19: Employed persons by major
occupation group, color, and sex . 37A-20: Employed persons by
class of worker, age, and sex 38A-21: Employed persons with a job
but not at work by reason, pay status, and sex. . . 39A-22: Persons
at work by type of industry and hours of work 39A-23: Persons at
work 1-34 hours by usual status and reason working part-time
40A-24: Nonagricultural workers by industry and fu l l - or
part-time status 40A-25: Persons at work in nonagricultural
industries by ful l - or part-time status,
sex, age, color, and marital status 41A-26: Persons at work in
nonfarm occupations by ful l - or part-time status and sex . .
43Characteristics of 14 and 15 Year-oldsA-27: Employment status of
14-15 year-olds by sex and color 45A-28: Employed 14-15 year-olds
by sex, class of worker, and major
occupation group 45Seasonally Adjusted Employment and
Unemployment DataA-29: Employment status of the noninstitutional
population by age and sex,
seasonally adjusted 46A-30: Full- and part-time status of the
civilian labor force by sex and age,
seasonally adjusted 46A-31: Employment status by color, sex, and
age, seasonally adjusted 47A-32: Unemployed persons by duration of
unemployment, seasonally adjusted 47A-33: Major unemployment
indicators, seasonally adjusted . 48A-34: Rates of unemployment by
age and sex, seasonally adjusted 49A-35: Unemployed persons by
reasons for unemployment, seasonally adjusted 49A-36: Employed
persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted 50A-37: Employed
persons by major occupation group, seasonally adjusted
r 50
21
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal
Reserve Bank of St. Louis
-
MONTHLY TABLES (Continued)
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EmploymentNational ag@
B-1: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry
division, 1919 to date 51B-2: Employees on nonagricultural
payrolls, by industry 52B-3: Women employees on nonagricultural
payrolls, by industry1 . .* . . , . . 60B-4: Indexes of employment
on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division* 1919 u
*&...
monthly data seasonally adjusted 6B-5: Employees on
nonagricultural payrolls, by industry, seasonally adjusted 68B-6:
Production workers in industrial and construction activities,
seasonally adjusted . . . . 69EmploymentState and AreaB-7:
Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected
areas, by industry
division
Hours and EarningsNationalC-1: Gross hours and earnings of
production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls, 1947 to date 81C-2: Gross hours and
earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls, by industry 82C-3: Employment, hours,
and indexes of earnings in the Executive Branch of the Federal
Government 94C-4: Average hourly earnings excluding overtime of
production workers on manufacturing
payrolls, by industry ,. . 94C-5: Gross and spendable average
weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonagricultural payrolls, in current and 1957-59 dollars
. 95C-6: Indexes of aggregate weekly man-hours and payrolls in
industrial and construction
activities 95C-7: Average weekly hours of production or
nonsupervisory workers on private nonagri-
cultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted 96C-8: Indexes of
aggregate weekly man-hours in industrial and construction
activities,
seasonally adjusted , 97C-9: Cfutput per man-hour, hourly
compensation, and unit labor costs, private economy,
seasonally adjusted 98Hours and EarningsState and AreaC-10:
Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing
payrolls, by State and
selected areas . 99
Labor TurnoverNationalD-1: Labor turnover rates in
manufacturing, 1959 to date . 103D-2: Labor turnover rates, by
industry . 104D-3: Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, 1959 to
date, seasonally adjusted 109Labor TurnoverState and AreaD-4 : L a
b o r t u r n o v e r rates in m a n u f a c t u r i n g f o r
selected States and areas . . . . . 1 1 0
UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE DATAE-1: Insured unemployment under State
programs 113E-2: Insured unemployment in 150 major labor areas
114
'Quarterly data included in February, May, August, and November
issues.
22
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal
Reserve Bank of St. Louis
-
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A. 1: Employment status of the noninstitutiona! population, 1929
to date(In thousands)
Year and month
Totalnoninsti-tutionalpopula-
Total labor force
popula-
Civilian labor forceEmployed
Agri-culture
Nonagri-culturalindus-
tries
UnemployedPercent oflabor force
Notseason-
allyadjusted
Season-ally
adjusted
Not inlaborforce
Persons 14 years of age and over
19291930193119321933
19341935193619371938
1939194019411942.1943
19441945 . . . .19461947
19471948
1949195019511952 ,1953 ,
19541955 ,195619571958
1959 ,I 9 6 0 . . . . . ,1 9 6 1 . . . . . . . .1962. . . . . .
. ,1 9 6 3 , . . . , , ....
1 9 6 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1965 . . * , . . . . .
.1966196719681969
1969: A p r i l . . . . ,July ,August...
,SeptemberOctober..November.December.
1970: January..February.MarchA p r i l . , . .
*Not available.
(1 )(1)(1 )(1 )(1)
(1 )(1 )(1 )(1 )(1 )
(1 )100,380101,520102,610103,660
104,630105,530106,520107,608
49,44050,08050,68051,25051,840
52,49053,14053,74054,32054,950
55,60056,18057,53060,38064,560
66,04065,30060,97061,758
(1)(1)( I )(1 )(1 )
(1 )(1 )(1 )(1 )(1 )
(1)56.056.758.862.3
63.161.957.257.4
49,18049,82050,42051,00051,590
52,23052,87053,44054,00054,610
55,23055,64055,91056,41055,540
54,63053,86057,52060,168
47,63045,48042,40038,94038,760
40,89042,26044,41046,30044,220
45,75047,52050,35053,75054,470
53,96052,82055,25057,812
10,45010,34010,29010,17010,090
9,90010,11010,0009,8209,690
9,6109,5409,1009,2509,080
8,9508,5808,3208,256
37,18035,14032,11028,77028,670
30,99032,15034,41036,48034,530
36,14037,98041,25044,50045,390
45,01044,24046,93049,557
1,5504,3408,020
12,06012,83011,34010,6109,0307,700
10,3909,4808,1205,5602,6601,070
6701,0402,2702,356
3 . 28 .7
15.923.624.921.720.116.914.319.017.214.6
9 . 94 . 71.9
1.21.93 . 93 . 9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
Persons 16 years of age and over
103,418104,527105,611106,645107,721108,823110,601111,671112,732113,811115,065116,363117,881119,759121,343122,981125,154127,224129,236131,180133,319135,562137,841137,337137,935138,127138,317138,539138,732138,928139,099139,298139,497139,687
60,94162,08062,90363,85865,11765,73066,56066,99368,07269,40969,72970,27570,92172,14273,03173,44274,57175,83077,17878,89380,79382,27284,23983,13786,31886,04684,52785,03884,92084,85684,10584,62585,00885,231
58.959.459.659.960.460.460.260.060.461.060.660.4.60.260.260.259.759.659.659.760.160.660.761.160.562.662.361.161.461.261.160.560.860.961.0
59,35060,62161,28662,20862,01762,13863,01563,64365,02366,55266,92967,63968,36969,62870,45970,61471,83373,09174,45575,77077,34778,73780,73379,62182,79782,51680,98481,51081,42781,41680,71981,28381,69081,960
57,03958,344
57,64958,92059,96260,25461,181
60,11062,17163,80264,07163,036
64,63065,77865,74666,70267,762
69,30571,08872,89574,37275,92077,902
77,07979,61679,64678,02678,67178,71678,788
77,31377,48977,95778,408
7,8917,629
7,6567,1606,7266,5016,261
6,2066,4496,2835,9475,5865,5655,4585,2004,9444,6874,5234,3613,9793,8443,8173,606
3,6074,1553,9773,6293,5613,3222,984
2,9152,9943,1713,531
49,14850,713
49,99051,76053,23953,75354,922
53,90354,72457,51758,12357,450
59,06560,31860,54661,75963,076
64,78266,72668,91570,52772,10374,296
73,47175,46075,66974,39775,11075,39575,805
74,39874,49574,78674,877
(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)
(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)
(1)44,20043,99042,23039,100
38,59040,23045,55045,850
2,3112,2763,6373,2882,0551,8831,8343,5322,8522,7502,8594,6023,7403,8524,7143,9114,0703,7863,3662,8752,9752,8172,8312,5423,1822,8692,9582,8392,7102,6283,4063,7943,7333,552
3 . 93 . 8
5 .95 .33 . 33 . 02 . 9
5 .54 . 44 . 14 . 36 . 8
5 . 55 .56 .75 .55 .7
5 .24 . 53 . 83 . 83 . 63 . 5
3.23.83.53.73.53.33.2
4.24.74 . 64 . 3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3 . 53 . 53 . 53 . 83 . 83 . 53.5
3.94.24.44.8
42,47742,447
42,70842,78742,60443,09344,041
44,67844,66044,40245,33646,088
46,96047,61748,31249,53950,583
51,39452,05852,28852,52753,29153,602
54,20051,61752,08153,79053,50153,81254,072
54,99354,67354,48954,456
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal
Reserve Bank of St. Louis
-
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A- 2: Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16
years and over by sex, 1947 to date
(In thousands)
Year, month, and sex
MALE1947194819491950.195119521953195419551956195719581959I96019611962196319641965
. .1966196719681969
1969* Aoril
November
MarchA p r i l . . . . . .
FEMALE1947194819491950195119521953195419551956195719581959I960196119621963196419651966196719681969
1969: AorilOctober
MarchApril
Totalnoninsti-tutionalpopula-
tion
50,96851,43951,92252,35252,78853,24854,24854,70655,12255,54756,08256,64057,31258,14458,82659,62660,62761,55662
47363,35164,31665,34566,365
66,15166,67166,75766,845
66,91967,00967,09867,183
52,45053,08853,68954,29354,93355,57556,35356,96557,61058,26458,98359,72360,56961,61562,51763,35564,52765,66866,76367,82969,00370,21771,476
71,18671,86871,97672,08372,18072,28972,39872,504
Total labor force
Number
44,25844,72945,09745,44646,06346,41647,13147,27547,48847,91447,96448,12648,40548,87049,19349,39549,83550,38750,94651,56052,39853,03053,688
53,06353,65453,52153,401
53,22553,48153,73753,899
16,68317,35117,80618,41219,05419,31419,42919,71820,58421,49521,76522,14922,51623,27223,83824,04724,73625,44326,23227,33328,39529,24230,551
30,07431,38431,39931,45530,88131,14331,27031,332
Percentof
popula-tion
86.887.086.986.887.387.286.986.486.286.385.585.084.584.083.682.882.281.981.581.481.581.280.9
80.280.580.279.979.579.880.180.2
31.832.733.233.934.734.834.534.635.736.936.937.137.237.838.138.038.338.739.340.341.241.642.7
42.243.743.643.642.843.143.243.2
Civilian labor force
42,68643,28643,49843,81943,00142,86943,63343,96544,47545,09145,19745,52145,88646,38846,65346,60047,12947,67948,25548,47148,98749,53350,221
49,58650,16650,06750,00048,87750,17850,46050,667
16,66417,33517,78818,38919,01619,26919,38219,67820,54821,46121,73222,11822,48323,24023,80624,01424,70425,41226,20027,29928,36029.20430,51230,03531,34531,35931,41630,84331,10531,23031,293
Employed
Total
40,99441,72640,92641,58041,78041,68442,43141,62042,62143,38043,35742,42343,46643,90443,65644,17744,65745,47446,34046,91947,47948,11448,818
48,33248,85748,73948,53847,94148,00048,37848,686
16,04516,61816,72317,34018,18218,57018,75018,49019,55020,42220,71420,61321,16421,87422,09022,52523,10523,83124,74825,97626,89327,80729,08428,74629,81429,97830,25029,37229,48929,57929,722
Agri-culture
6,6436,3586,3426,0015,5335,3895,2535,2005,2655,0394,8244,5964,5324,4724,2984,0693,8093,6913,5473,2433,1643,1572,963
3,0182,8912,7222,5112,4842,5462,7042,979
1,2481,2711,3141,1591,1931,1121,0081,0061,1841,2441,123
9901,033
986902875878832814736680660643
589670600473432448467553
Nonagri-culturalindus-tries
34,35135,36834,58435,57836,24836,29437,17836,41837,35738,34038,53237,82738,93439,43139,35940,10840,84941,78242,79243,67544,31544,95745,854
45,31445,96646,01746,02745,45845,45445,67445,708
14,79715,34715,40916,18216,99017,45917,74417,48618,36719,17719,59119,62320,13120,88721,18721,65122,22723,00023,93425,24026,21227,14728,44128,15729,14429,37829,77728,94029,04129,11229,169
Number
1,6921,5592,5722,2391,2211,1851,2022,3441,8541,7111,8413,0982,4202,4862,9972,4232,4722,2051,9141,5511,5081,4191,403
1,2541,3091,3291,462
1,9352,1782,0821,981
619717
1,0651,049
834698632
1,188998
1,0391,0181,5041,3201,3661,7171,4881,5981,5811,4521,3241,4681,3971,428
1,2881,5301,3811,1161,4711,6161,6511,571
Unemployed
Percent oflabor force
Notseason-
allyadjusted
4.03.65.95.12.82.82.85.34.23.84.16.85.35.46.45.25.24.64.03.23.12.92.8
2.52.62.72.9
3.94,34.13.9
3.74.16.05.74.43.63.36.04.94.84.76.85.95.97.26.26.56.25.54.85.24.84.7
4.34.94.43.74.85.25.35.0
Season ally
adjusted
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2.73.12.92.9
3.33.63.64,2
-
-
-
4.94.94.54.54.85.15.75.7
Not inlaborforce
6,7106,7106,8256,9066,7256,8327,1177,4317,6347,6338,1188,5148,9079,2749,633
10,23110,79211,16911,52711,79211,91912,31512,67713,08913,01713,23613,44413,69413,52813,36113,284
35,76735,73735,88335,88135,87936,26136,92437,24737,02636,76937,21837,57438,05338,34338,67939,30839,79140,22540,53140,49640,60840,97640,92441,11140,48440,57740,62941,29941,14641,12841,172
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal
Reserve Bank of St. Louis
-
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A - 3: Employment status of the noninstitutional population by
sex, age, and colorApril 1970
(In thousands)
Sex, age, and color
Total labor force
Percent
population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Percentof
laborforce
Not in labor force
Keepinghouse
Goingto
school
Unableto
work
MALE
16 years and over16 to 21 years16 to 19 years
16 and 17 years18 and 19 years
20 to 64 years20 to 24 years25 to 54 years
25 to 29 years . .30 to 34 years35 to 39 years40 to 44 years45
to 49 years50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years55 to 59 years . . . . . .60 to 64 years
65 years and over65 to 69 years70 years and over .
White
16 years and over16 to 21 years16 to 19 years
16 and 17 years18 and 19 years
20 to 64 years20 to 24 years25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years35 to 44 years45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years55 to 59 years60 to 64 years
65 years and over
Negro and other races
16 years and over16 to 21 years16 to 19 years
16 and 17 years18 and 19 years
20 to 64 years20 to 24 years25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years35 to 44 years45 to 54 years ,
55 to 64 years55 to 59 years60 to 64 years
65 years and over . . . . . . .
53,6,4,1,2,
47,7,
33,6,5,5,5,5,4,
7,4,2,2,1,
48,6,3.1,2
426291099
6322
5
4
311
899820039670368
618166277474436301583569914
175,234,941,242,350893
,484,013.582,523,059
,848,308,965,620,785,561
,575,869,706,055
,414807457147309
,770858,312,290,099923
600365235188
80.262.054.043.365,2
92.284.996.195.997.498.196.695.393.4
83.789.976.127.844.017.8
80.662.955*245.665.3
92.684.996.696.997.795.1
84.290.476.727.8
76.856.046.028.564.8
88.784.792.194.093.987.5
78.284.869.827.5
50,6675,4363,640
1,6431,997
44,7855,429
32,1856,0705,1715,0545,4785,5204,893
7,1714,2312,9402,2421,350
893
45,5754,7573,2161,4971,719
40,3054,730
29,00310,0339,4769,494
6,5713,8662,7062,055
5,092679424146278
4,480699
3,1821,2081,056918
600365234188
48,6864,7953,1571,3881,769
43,3505,040
31,3495,8415,0454,9415,3535,4104,759
6,9624,0972,8642,1791,306
873
43,9364,2502,8291,2801,549
39,1144,41728,3109,7499,2729,290
6,3863,7512,6351,994
4,750545328108221
4,236623
3,038lr1381,022879
576347229185
1,981641483255228
1,435389837228126113125110134
20913376634419
1,639507387217170
1,192313693284205205
1851157060
342134953857
24377
143703439
241863
3.911.813.315.511.4
3.27.22.63.82.42.22.32.02.7
2.93.22.62.83.22.2
3.610.712.014.59*9
3.06.62.42.82.22.2
2.83.02.62.9
6.719.722.526.220.6
5.411.04.55.83,24.3
4.05*02.41.5
13,2844,1823,4462,1841,263
4,0141,2741,343
278144103195274349
1,397474923
5,8231,7144,109
11,6453,5472,9101,8151,095
3,4061,1191,057
340226492
1,230409822
5,329
1,639635537369168
6081552858272132
16766102494
225121247
783
3044
1065
45242113532103
180111046
55317378
351817
114
4511
1
23
12544
106421
4,4933,8503,2222,0891,133
1,2681,044
2171433716984
734412
3,8603,2832,7331,747986
1,1249371821531712
532
633567489342147
14410735278
1,49336281216
91024
48738374684134147
399184215555155400
1,21624179
73420
36557101207
348157192465
277121138
1754
121182975
51282391
7,07328318578107
1,75920360993674191126192
946263684
5,1291,5263,603
6,3892291505595
1,493159492126101265
842231611
4,746
68454352311
26644118333153
1043272
383
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal
Reserve Bank of St. Louis
-
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A - 3 : E m p l o y m e n t s t a t u s o f t h e n o n i n s t
i t u t i o n a l p o p u l a t i o n by sex, a g e , a n d c o l o
r C o n t i n u e dApril 1970
(In thousands)
Sex, age, and color
Total labor force
ofpopulation
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Percentof
laborforce
Not in labor force
Keepinghouse
Unableto
workOther
reasons
FEMALE
16 years and over16 to 21 years .16 to 19 years
16 and 17 years... . . . . . .18 and 19 years. . . .
20 to 64 years20 to 24 years . . . .25 to 54 years
25 to 29 years ....30 to 34 years35 to 39 years40 to 44 years45
to 49 years . . . . . . .50 to 54 years . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years .55 to 59 years60 to 64 years
65 years and over . . . . . . . .65 to 69 years70 years and
over
White
16 years and over16 to 21 years . .16 to 19 years
16 and 17 years18 and 19 years
20 to 64 years20 to 24 years.25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years . . .35 to 44 years45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years55 to 59 years60 to 64 years
65 years and over
Negro and other races
16 years and over16 to 21 years16 to 19 years . . . . . . .
16 and 17 years . . . . . . . .18 and 19 years
20 to 64 years20 to 24 years . .25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years35 to 44 years45 to 54 years . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years55 to 59 years60 to 64 years
65 years and over
314211
27418322333
42i1
274211
23415455
321
3
3
2
,332,882,921,159,762
,336,768,378,181,628,762,295,452,060
,190,577,614,075668407
,333,333,635,056,578
,740,159,811,867,182,761
,770,290,479959
,999549286103184
,597609,568942874751
421286134116
43.245.239.830.749.5
50.356.850.646.445.649.254.155.053.6
43.649.736.49.9
18.05.7
42.446.541.732.651.4
49.356.849.344.050.453.6
43.248.936.69.6
49.636.828.019.437.2
58.256.660.860.461.460.6
47.657.434.913.6
31,2934,8632,9121,1591,753
27,3074,750
18,3663,1772,6262,7603,2933,4513,060
4,1902,5771,6141,075668407
27,2984,3162,6261,0561,570
23,7134,14315,8004,8625,1795,759
3,7702,2901,479959
3,996547285103183
3,594607
2,567942874751
421286134116
29,7224,3092,512965
1,547
26,1694,43417,6533,0012,5142,6643,1653,3322,978
4,0822,5121,5701,041647394
26,0763,8902,311
9031,408
22,8343,91415,2444,6614,9955,588
3,6762,2351,441931
3,64641920162139
3,335520
2,409854834721
406277129110
1,571554400194206
1,1373167141761129612811982
1086543342113
1,222425316153162
879229556201184171
93553828
349128844044
26087158884030
15965
5.011.413.716.711.8
4.26.73.95.64.33.53.93.42.7
2.62.52.73.13.13.2
4.59.912.014.510.3
3.75.53.54.13.63.0
2.52.42.63.0
8.723.529.639.324.1
7.214.36.29.34.64.0
3.63.24.24.5
41,1725,9274,4132,6131,800
26,9823,632
17,9263,6713,1302,8532,8002,8262,647
5,4232,6082,8169,7773,0346,743
37,1164,9853,6772,1871,490
24,3953,166
16,2696,1835,1034,983
4,9612,3952,5659,044
4,056942736426310
2,586467
1,657618550489
463212250734
34,4461,678766198569
25,1412,77517,2633,5233,0402,7492,7042,7202,527
5,1032,4832,6218,5392,8015,738
31,4341,401632166466
22,8352,40815,7475,9994,9454,803
4,6802,2792,4017,967
3,01327713432102
2,307367
1,516564508445
424204220572
4,4394,0703,5182,3671,151
9177551585836261516
3,7643,4492,9531,989964
807669136763524
675621566379187
1108622185
11
9192011
12
31217173172028263448
122527059674
522
71914
22914
111243750
1035053
484
2006515
832
62141632
19217
112
1,3671591174869
61286332?3
3350555664
19572123638157481
1,199122863453
52574
2768485107
17666109588
16737311417
871256232113
1961350
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal
Reserve Bank of St. Louis
-
A - 4: Labor fore by sex, age, and color
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Sex, age, and color
MALE
16 years and over16 to 19 years
16 and 17 years18 and 19 years years
Apr.1970
Apr.1969
Total
Total noninstitutional population . . . .Total labor force
.Percent of populationCivilian labor force
EmployedAgricultureNonagricultural industries
UnemployedPercent of labor force
Not in labor forceWhiteTotal noninstitutional population . .
Total labor forcePercent of population
Civilian labor forceEmployed
AgricultureNonagricultural industries
UnemployedPercent of labor force
Not in labor force
Negro and other racesTotal noninstitutional population . . .
Total labor forcePercent of population
Civilian labor forceEmployed
AgricultureNonagricultural industries
UnemployedPercent of labor force
Not in labor force
139,68785,231
61.081,96078,4083,531
74,8773,552
4.354,456
124,57875,817
60.972,87370,0123,200
66,8122,861
3.948,760
15,1099,41462.3
9,0878,396
3318,065
6917.6
5,695
137,33783,137
60.579,62177,0793,607
73,4712,542
3.254,200
122,63873,995
60.370,84868,8403,223
65,6172,007
2.848,644
41,6999,14262.2
8,7738,238
3847,854
5356.1
5,556
59,69849,860
83.547,02745,5292,636
42,8931,4983.2
9,837
53,63844,903
83.7
42,36041,1082,37738,7301,2523.0
8,735
6,060
4,95881.8
4,6684,421
2594,162
2465.3
1,102
58,835
49,13983.5
46,04845,1472,713
42,4349012.0
9,696
52,92144,284
83.7
41,51740,7742,43038,344
7431.8
8,637
5,914
4,85582.1
4,5314,373
2834,090
1593.5
1.059
65,17028,41143,6
28,38227,210
52126,6891,1714.1
36,759
58,137
24,69942.5
24,67223,765
48323,282
9073.7
33,439
7,033
3,71352.8
3,7103,445
383,4082657.1
3,320
64,044
27,36742.7
27,33726,371
55425,816
9673.5
36,676
57,20923,79241.6
23,76623,037
49822,540
7283,1
33,417
6,834
3,57552.3
3,5723,333
573,2772396.7
3,259
14,819
6,95947.06,5515,669374
5,29488313.57,860
12,803
6,21648.6
5,8425,139340
4,79970312.0
6,587
2,016
74336.9
70952934
495180
25.41,273
14,458
6,63045.96,2355,561340
5,22167410.8
7,828
12,5085,91847.3
5,5655,029295
4,7335369.6
6,590
1,950
71236.5
67053345
488138
20.51,238
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal
Reserve Bank of St. Louis
-
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A - 7 : F u l l - a n d p a r t - t i m e s t a t u s o f t h e
c i v i l i a n l a b o r f o r c e b y a g e a n d sexApril
1970
(In thousands)
Age and sex
Full-time labor force
Employed
Full-time
schedules
Parttime for
economicreasons
Unemployed(looking for
full-time work)
Percent offull-time
labor force
Part-time labor force
Employedon voluntary
part timel
Unemployed(looking for
part-time work)
Number part-timelabor force
TOTAL
16 years and over16 to 21 years16 to 19 years
16 and 17 years18 and 19 years
20 years and over20 to 24 years25 years and over . . .
25 to 54 years55 years and over .
MALE
16 years and over16 to 21 years16 to 19 years20 years and
over
20 to 24 years25 years and over . . .
25 to 54 years55 years and over .
FEMALE
16 years and over16 to 21 years16 to 19 years20 years and
over
20 to 24 years25 years and over . . .
25 to 54 years55 years and over .
69,2555,6392,781544
2,23866,4738,58457,88945,89911,990
46,0792,8681,515
44,5654,67239,89431,6778,217
23,1752,7701,267
21,9083,91317,99514,2233,773
,166,580,104331,774,062,643,419,180,239
43,2392,3321,156
42,0834,15037,93330,1767,757
20,9272,248
94819,9793,49316,48613,0043,482
2,30135622.269154
2,079341
1,7381,322416
1,223179123
1,100181917689229
1,07917799
979159820633187
2,787703455144310
2,332600
1,7311,397334
1,617358236
1,381339
1,042812230
1,170345219951261689585104
4.012.516.426.613.93.57.03.03.02.8
3.512.515.63.17.32.62.62.8
5.012.517.34.36.73.84.12.8
12,7064,6603,7702,2581,5128,9361,5957,3414,6522,688
4,5882,5682,1252,463
7581,706509
1,197
8,1182,0921,6456,473
8375,6364,1441,492
11,9404,1693,3421,9531,3888,5981,4897,1094,4992,610
4,2242,2841,8782,346
7071,639485
1,154
7,7161,8841,4646,473
7825,4704,0161,455
76549142830412433810623215379
36428324711751662442
4022081812215516512837
6.010.511.313.58.23.86.63.23.32.9
7.911.011.64.76.73.94.73.5
4.99.911.03.46.62.93.12.5
Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed
proportionately among the full- and part-time employed
categories.
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal
Reserve Bank of St. Louis
-
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A- 8: Unemployed persons by sex and age
Thousands ofpersons
Apr.1970
Apr.1969
Unemploymentrates
Apr.1970
Apr.1969
Thousands ofpersons
Apr.1970
Apr.1969
Unemploymentrates
Apr.1970
Apr.1969
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years16 and 17 years18 and 19 years
20 years and over20 to 24 years25 years and over
25 to 34 years35 to 44 years45 to 54 years55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years60 to 64 years
65 years and over
Household head, 16 years and over16 to 24 years25 to 54 years55
years and over
1,981
483255228
1,498389
1,1093542382442091337663
1,078150670257
1,254
352187165901223678192161156128794940
65276
417160
3.9
13.315.511.43.27.22.73.22.32.32.93.22.62.8
2.64.72.22.8
2.5
10.011.78.52.04.41.71.81.51.51.81.91.71.8
1.62.51.41.8
1,571
400194206
1,171316856288224201108654334
2595413372
1,288
32214717596726670122718716193613233
2333314358
5.0
13.716.711.84.16.73.65.03.73.12.62.52,73.1
3.98.23.73.1
4.3
11.913.810.73.55,93.14.23.22.52.22.42.03.0
3.65.74.02.6
A- 9: Unemployed persons by marital status, sex, age, and
color
Marital status, age, and colorThousands of
persons
Apr.1970
Apr.1969
Unemploymentrates
Apr.1970
Apr.1969
Female
Thousands ofpersons
Apr.1970
Apr.1969
Unemployment
Apr.1970
Apr.1969
Total, 16 years and over
Married, spouse presentWidowed, divorced, or separatedSingle
(never married)
Total, 20 to 64 years of age
Married, spouse presentWidowed, divorced, or separatedSingle
(never married)
White, 16 years and over
Married, spouse presentWidowed, divorced, or separatedSingle
(never married)
White, 20 to 64 years of age . . . . . .
Married, spouse presentWidowed, divorced, or separatedSingle
(never married)
Negro and other races, 16 years and over . . . . - - - , , , . .
.
Married, spouse presentWidowed, divorced, or separatedSingle
(never married)
Negro and other races, 20 to 64 years of age
Married, spouse presentWidowed, divorced, or separatedSingle
(never married)
1,981
941152
1,435
885137413
1,639
816115708
1,191
763102328
342
12437180
244
1243586
1,254
57689588
861
53779
245
1,022
49669
457
708
46259187
232
8020131
154
742059
3.9
2.45.610.0
3.2
2.45.77.6
3.6
2.35.39.1
3.0
2.35.47.0
6.7
3.76.715.3
5.4
3.97.011.2
2.5
1.53.36.9
2.0
1.53.34.8
2.3
1.43.36.1
1.8
1.43.24.2
4.7
2.43.412.9
3.5
2.33.69.2
1,571
791254527
1,138
725217197
1,222
633189400
878
580159140
349
15865127
260
1445857
1,288 5.0
614260414
934
547234152
985
499175311
699
444153102
303
11585103
235
1048150
4.34.47.6
4.2
4.04.34.6
4.5
3.84.16.5
3.7
3.63.93.8
8.7
7.75.715.6
7.2
7.35.69.9
4.3
3.54.56.3
3.6
3.24.63.7
3.8
3.23.75.4
3.1
2.93.82.9
7.9
6.17.412.4
6.8
5.77.78.6
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal
Reserve Bank of St. Louis
-
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A - 1 0 : U n e m p l o y e d p e r s o n s b y o c c u p a t i
o n o f l a s t j o b a n d s e x
Occupation
Thousandsof persons
Apr.1970
Apr.1969
Unemployment rates
Apr.1970
Apr.1969
Male
Apr.1970
Apr.1969
Apr.1970
Apr.1969
Total.
White-collar workersProfessional and technicalManagers,
officials, and proprietors .Clerical workersSales workers
Service wonters.Private household. .All other
Farmers and .farm iaborers. . . .
No previous work experience . . .16 to 19 years20 to 24 years
,25 years and over
3,552
Blue-collar workersCraftsmen and foremen
Carpenters and other construction craftsmenAll other
OperativesDrivers and deliverymenAll other
Nonfarm laborersConstruction iaborersAll other
66
2,542
96718293499193
1,672397215182940114826335106229
47167404
5989965296138
1,1702371331046788059825586169
42184337
62
3762944735
2912383022
4.3
2.51.61.13.53.9
5.73.87.32.46.44.46.88.5
12.07.5
4.64.04.7
2.1
3.2
1.6
2.23.0
4.12.34.71.44.63.14.96.59.35.7
4.24.74.0
1.8
3.91.81.51.13.32.4
5.23.87.42.45.34.35.78.4
12.07.3
4.4(1)4.5
1.6
2.5
.9
.8
.61.41.5
3.42.34.71.33.23.03.36.59.35.5
3.3(1)3.3
1.5
5.0
3.21.61.43.55.9
8.42.6(1)2.98.66.28.7
12.0(1)
12.54.74.14.9
4.6
4.3
2.41.11.72.54.8
7.23.2
3.37.5(1)7.68.1
8.0
4.64.84.6
3.9
1Percent not shown where base is less than 100,000
A - l l : U n e m p l o y e d p e r s o n s b y i n d u s t r y
o f l a s t j o b a n d s e x
IndustryPercent distribution
Apr.1970
Apr.1969
Unemployment rates
Apr.1970
.Apr.1969
Apr.1970
Apr.1969
Apr.1970
Apr.1969
Total.
Private wage and salary workers .Mining Construction.
ManufacturingDurable goods
Primary metal industries . .Fabricated metal
productsMachineryElectrical equipmentMotor vehicles and
equipmentAll other transportation equipmentOther durable goods
industries
Nondurable goodsFood and kindred productsTextile mill
productsApparel and other finished textile products .Other
nondurable goods industries
Transportation and public utilitiesRailroads and railway
expressOther transportationCommunication and other public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade .Finance, insurance, and real
estateService industries
Professional servicesAll other service industries
Agricultural wage and salary workers .All other classes of
workersNo previous work experience
100.0
79.2.7
10.3
28.16.
2,2.3.1,2,4.11.3.1.2.4.
2.18.110.6
100.0
78.4.5
10.0
26.514.11.12.01.41.81.91.34.612.42.82.03.93.8
3.7.2
2.6.8
20.02.515.23.811.4
2.87.411.4
4.3
4.74.69.5
4.84.81.94.82.94.95.78.15.94.86.44.87.03.5
3.62.15.72.05.22.03.82.74.9
6.01.4
3.2
3.52.57.1
3.22.92.03.01.62.34.12.64.33.74.04.46.92.3
2.1.9
3.41.24.01.93.21.74.6
5.9.9
3.9
4.44.39.5
3.84.11.93.52.93.35.16.95.33.35.22.96.02.4
3.82.06.01.84.31.43.62.44.6
4.81.3
2.5
2.82.27.3
2.22.31.52.21.31.44.12.63.61.81.73.34.41.3
2.0.5
3.21.12.91.62.3.9
3.4
4.8.7
5.0
5.3(1)8.5
7.27.41.7
10.42.77.410.415.77.27.210.06.67.36.3
3.0(1)4.42.36.42.53.92.95.2
13.31.6
4.3
4.6(1)2.6
5.84.97.36.43.23.54.62.76.86.59.85.67.64.4
2.5(1)4.51.35.52.23.82.15.5
12.8.7
Percent not shown where base is less than 100,000.
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal
Reserve Bank of St. Louis
-
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-12: Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age,
and color
Unemployment level
Total unemployed in thousandsLost last jobLeft last jobReentered
labor force
Total unemployed, percent distribution . .Lost last jobLeft last
jobReentered labor force
Unemployment rate
Total unemployment rateJob-loser rate1Job-leaver rate1
Reentrant rate1New entrant rate1
Totalunemployed
Apr.1970
3,5521,669
5071,001
375
100.047.014.328.210.5
4.32.1
. 6
1.2.5
Apr.1969
2,5421,088
394770290
100.042.815.530.311.4
3.21.4
. 5
1.0.4
Male, 20 yearsand over
Apr.1970
1,498988214261
34
100.066.014.317.42.3
3.22.1
.5
. 1
Apr.1969
901575145164
17
100.043.816.118.21.9
2.01.2
. 3
- -
Female, 20 yearsand over
Apr.1970
1,171497188439
47
100.042.416.137.44.0
4.11.8
.7
. 2
Apr.1969
96737415939935
100.038.616.441.2
3.7
3.51.4
. 6
. 1
Both sexes,16 to 19 yearsApr.1970
883184104301293
100.020.911.834.133.2
13.52.81.6
4.5
Apr.1969
674139
90207238
100.020.613.430.735.3
10.82.21.43.33.8
White
Apr.1970
2,8611,375
411789285
100.048.114.427.610.0
3.91.9
.6
.4
Apr.1969
2,007838316611242
100.041.715.830.412.1
2.81.2
. 4
. 3
Negro and other races
Apr.1970
691294
9521289
100.042.613.830.712.9
7.63.21.12 31.0
Apr.1969
535250
7715948
m14.529.7
9 . 0
6 . 12 . 9
.91 8
.6
'Unemployment rates are calculated as a percent of the civilian
labor force.
A-13: Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, duration,
sex, and ageApril 1970
(Percent distribution)
Reason, sex, and age
Total, 16 years and over . . . .
Left last jobReentered labor forceNever worked before
Male, 20 years and over . . . . .Lost last jobLeft last job
.Reentered labor forceNever worked before
Female, 20 years and over . . .Lost last jobReentered labor
forceNever worked before
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years . . .Lost last jobLeft last
jobReentered labor forceNever worked before
Total unemployed
Thousandsof persons
3,5521,669
5071.001
375
1,498988214261
34
1,171497188439
47
883184104301293
Percent
100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0
100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0
100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0
100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0
Duration of unemployment
Less than5 weeks
51.744.055.458.861.944.940.752.654.4
(1)54.444.953.765.1
(1)59.659.563.853.764.2
5 to 14weeks
26.627.627.626.221.3
27.428.324.726.4
(1)26.928.833.022.3
(1)24.721.125.731.719.8
15 weeksand over
21.728.317.015.016.8
27.731.022.819.1(1)
18.726.313.312.5(1)
15.719.510.514.716.0
15 to 26weeks
15.121.910.38.78.5
19.423.711.611.1
-
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-14: Unemployed persons by dura t ion of unemployment
Duration of unemployment
Apr.1970
Apr.1969
Percent distribution
Apr.1970
Apr.1969
Household head
Apr.1970
Apr.1969
Percent distributic
Apr.1970
Apr.1969
Total
Less than 5 weeks . . . . . . .5 to 14 weeks
5 to 10 weeks11 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over15 to 26 weeks . . . . . . .27 weeks and
over
Average (mean) duration .
3,552 2,542
1,836944659285111537235
1,369657453204516355161
100.051.726.618.68.0
21.15.
6 .6
100.053.925.817.88.0
20.314.06.3
9 . 5 9 .2
1,337590370236134377261116
11.4
886
43722215764
22716562
10.6
100.0
44,27.17.10.028,19,8.7
100.0
49.425.017.77.2
25.618.67.0
A-15: Unemployed persons by d u r a t i o n , sex, a g e ,
color, and m a r i t a l statusApri l 1970
Sex, age, color, and marital statusTotal
3,5521,194
883705
1,104859
1,981641483389592516
1,571554400316512343
2,8611,6391,222
691342349
941152888
791254527
Thousands of pers
Less
5 weeks
1,836713526409546356
956374283225257191
880339243184288165
1,473780693
363175188
41757
481
468125288
5 to 14weeks
944292218183310233
524150113104182125
420142105
79128108
111434343
1679077
26146
218
20876
136
ons
15 to 26weeks
537142110
61185181
364977333
124133
1734636286148
435310125
1025448
18837
138
803459
27 weeksand over
2354729536390
1362013282868
982716253522
176114
62
592237
741250
352043
Less than 5percent of
weeks as ajnemployedin group
Apr.1970
51.759.759.657.949.541.448.258.458.657.743.436.956.061.260.858.256.348.151.547.656.752.551.353.744.437.654.259.249.054.7
Apr.1969
53.858.460.055.855.044.051.056.658.953.652.838.856.660.261.157.756.950.053.951.056.853.751.055.747.0(1)56.055.455.259.2
15 weeks an d over as Epercent of unemployec
in group
1970
21.715.915.716.122.531.525.318.217.915.625.739.017.313.213.116.718.820.421.325.915.323.322.424.2
27.932.321.314.521.319.4
Apr .1969
20.341.714.316.019.930.822.613.714.314.323.436.218.115.714.217.516.724.7
20.422.917.820.121.519.129.4(1)16.418.917.9
17.0
Tota I ,16 to 21 years16 to 19 years20 to 24 years25 to 44
years45 years and over
M a l e . . . .16 to 21 years16 to 19 years20 to 24 years25 to
44 years45 years and over
Female16 to 21 years16 to 19 years -20 to 24 years25 to 44
years45 years and over
White: Tota lMaleFemale
Negro and other races: Tota lMaleFemale
Male: Married, wife presentWidowed, divorced, or separated . .
.Single (never married)
Female: Married, husband presentWidowed, divorced, or
separated.Single (never married) ,
Percent not shown where base is less than 100,000.
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal
Reserve Bank of St. Louis
-
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A - 1 6 : U n e m p l o y e d p e r s o n s b y d u r a t i o n
, o c c u p a t i o n , a n d i n d u s t r y o f l a s t j o
bApril 1970
Occupation and industry
OCCUPATION
White-collar workersProfessional and managerialClerical
workersSales workers . .
Blue-collar workers. . .Craftsmen and foremen . .Operatives . .
. . . .Nonfarm laborers . . . .
Service workers . . .
INDUSTRY *
Construction
Transportation and public utilities
Public administration
Total
967275499193
1,672397940335
471
76381
1,018603415173700660
76
376
Thousands of pers
Less than
483118250116822178473172
266
34161472265207
96400354
35
233
5 to 14weeks
31398
17243
42095
25372
119
1594
29919310750
18217721
80
ons
15 to 26
99314126
33396
16572
59
211061751066914878214
32
27 weeksand
7228369
97294919
27
621723933133148
6
31
Less than 5 weeksas a percent of
unemployed in group
Apr.1970
50.042.950.059.949.244.750.351.2
56.6
(2)42.246.343.949.955.657.253.6
(2)62.0
Apr.1969
55.451.855.758.847.944.548.549.3
60.6
(2)43.249.646.952.651.257.557.1
(2)63.5
15 weeks andover as a percent
of unemployed in group
Apr.1970
17.721.515.518.1
25.731.422.827.3
18.1
(2)33.124.224.124.415.616.819.7
(2)16.7
Apr.1969
18.522.016.718.922.726.523.018.6
19.9
(2)29.920.723.118.013.019.219.8
(2)12.7
Includes wage and salary workers only.2Percent not shown where
base is less than 100,000.
A-17: Employed persons by sex and age(In thousands)
Age and type of industryTotal
Apr.1970
Apr.1969
Apr.1970
Apr.1969
Apr.1970
29,7222,512
9651,5474,434
17,6535,5155,8296,3094,0822,5121,5701,041
29,1692,480
9471,5334,410
17,3035,4325,7076,1633,9712,4341,5371,007
55332181424
35083
121146112
783435
Apr.1969
28,7462,376
9201,4564,257
17,0045,2025,6296,1734,0232,4921,5311,087
28,1572,341
9021,4394,226
16,6445,1155,5106,0193,9012,4171,4851,045
58934181731
36037
118154122
754642
All industries16 to 19 years
16 and 17 years18 and 19 years
20 to 24 years25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years35 to 44 years45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years55 to 59 years60 to 64 years
65 years and overNonagricultura! industries
16 to 19 years16 and 17 years18 and 19 years
20 to 24 years25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years35 to 44 years45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years55 to 59 years60 to 64 years
65 years and over
Agriculture16 to 19 years
16 and 17 years18 and 19 years
20 to 24 years25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years35 to 44 years45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years55 to 59 years60 to 64 years
65 years and over
78,4085,6692,3533,3169,474
49,00216,40116,12216,47811,0446,6094,4343,220
74,8775,2942,1313,1639,241
47,29215,93215,59315,76710,3306,2154,1142,7193,531
374221153233
1,710469530710714394320501
77,0795,5612,3253,2379,11848,20915,87816,02916,30210,9626,5724,3903,22873,4715,2212,1243,0978,90246,43815,40115,44615,59110,1996,1594,0392,7123,607
340201139216
1,771476583711764413351516
48,6863,1571,3881,7695,04031,34910,88610,29410,1696,9624,0972,8642,179
45,7082,8151,1851,6304,83129,99010,5009,8859,6056,3593,7812,5781,7132,979
342203139208
1,360386409564603316286466
48,3323,1861,4051,7.814,86231,20510,67610,40010,1296,9394,0802,8592,14145,3142,8801,2221,6584,67629,79210,2869,9359,5726,2973,7432,5551,667
3,018305183123185
1,-412390465558642338304474
Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal
Reserve Bank of St. Louis
-
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-18: Employed persons by occupat ion g roup , s e x , and
age
(In thousands)
Occupation
Apr.1970
Apr.1969
Male, 20 yearsand over
Apr.1970
Apr.1969
Female, 20 yearsand over
Apr.1970
Apr.1969
Male,16-19 years
Apr.1970
Apr.1969
Female,16-19 years
Apr.1970
Apr.1969
Total
White-collar workers
Professional and technicalMedical and other healthTeachers,
except collegeOther professional and technical