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ARTICLE  Empirical Assessmen t of a Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale MONIKA ARDELT University of Florida Alt hough wis domis thought to be a str ongpredi ctor formanyattri but es of agi ng well, the concept of wisdom still lacks a comprehensive , directly testable scale. Quantita- tive and qualitative interviews with a sample of 180 older adults (age 52-plus) were con ductedto developa thr ee- dimens iona l wis domscale(3D- WS)and to tes t itsvali d- ity and relia bility . Wi sdomwas opera tional izedand meas ured asa late nt var iablewith cognitive, reflectiv e, and affecti ve effect indicators. Respondents completed a self- administered questionnaire, which included 114 items from existing scales and 18 newlydeve loped ite mstoas ses s the thr ee dimens ionsof wis dom. Thefinalversi on of the 3D-WS consists of 14 items for the cognitive, 12 for the reflective, and 13 for the af fec tiv e component of wis dom. Res ult s indica te that the 3D- WS can be con sidered a reliable and valid instrument and a promising measure of the latent variable wisdom in large, standardized surveys of older populations.  Keywords: wisdom; cognition; reflection; compassion; scale construction; aging well Wise older people are generally expected to age more successfully than do those low on wisdom (Baltes, Smith, and Staudinger 1992; 275 AUTHOR’SNOTE: I would lik e to thank Ant hony J. LaGreca andJohn C. Henret ta for sug- gestions and comments on earlier drafts. Special thanks go to Carla Edwards, Anna Campbell, Adeen Wo olvert on, Nicol ette Fertak is, Lisa Hamil ton, Martin e Gauthi er, Stephe n Mayer , Dacia Caglin, Dana Federici, Amy Monk, Brad Tripp, Elizabeth Brown, and Yvonne Combs for their help at various stages of the research project and to the research participants for their time and commit mentto thestudy . Theresearchwas supp ort ed by a gran t fromNIH/NIA (R03 AG14855- 01) and a Res ear ch Ini tiation Proj ectAward from theColle ge of Libe ral Art s and Sci ences at the University of Florida. A previous version of this article was presented at the 1999 annual meet- ings of the Gerontological Society of America in San Francisco, CA. Correspondence concern- ingthis art icl e shouldbe address ed to MonikaArdel t, Uni ver sit y of Florida, Depart ment ofSoci- ology, P.O. Box 117330, Gainesville, FL 32611-7330. Phone: (352) 392-0251 ext. 247; fax: (352) 392-6568; e-mail address: [email protected]. RESEARCH ON AGING, Vol. 25 No. 3, May 2003 275-324 DOI: 10.1177/0164027 503251764 © 2003 Sage Publications
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Empirical Assessment of the 3D-WS - Wisdom Study

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