Emphysema

EmphysemaMitchell Muir

Sarah RutlandYvonne Kim

Organ system consisting of skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles

Smooth : movement within the body (organs)

Skeletal : maintains posture◦ Sarcomeres: within the muscle fibers contract

causing a skeletal muscle to pull on a bone. Cardiac : circulates blood throughout the

body

Muscular System

A sarcomere is the basic unit of a muscle Sarcomeres are composed of long, fibrous

proteins that slide past each other when the muscles contract and relax.

Sarcomeres

Diaphragm: a sheet of internal skeletal muscle that extends across the bottom of the rib cage

The diaphragm separates the thoracic cavity (heart, lungs & ribs) from the abdominal cavity and controls respiration.

Intercostal muscles:thin muscles located between the ribs that assist the diaphram

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hp-gCvW8PRY

Muscular SystemDiaphragm& intercostal muscles

Respiratory System

• Airways, lungs, respiratory muscles• Alveoli

•The main function of the respiratory system is gas exchange between oxygen and carbon dioxide

• The alveolar membrane is the gas-exchange surface.

• The blood brings CO2 from the rest of the body for release into the alveoli, and the oxygen in the alveoli is taken up by the blood in the alveolar blood vessels, to be transported to all the cells in the body

Alveoli

Normal Interactions

Disease of the lungs, in which the elastic in the walls of the alveoli is broken down by an imbalance in chemical production ◦ neutrophil elastase (elevated by cigarette smoke)◦ alpha-1-antitrypsin (the activity varies due to

genetics or reaction of a critical methionine residue with toxins including cigarette smoke).

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lmZZlkrSu5o

Emphysema

The loss of elasticity in the alveoli leaves the alveoli rigid, deformed, and unable to expand and deflate properly

leads to prolonged times for exhalation and an inability to take deep breaths

Smaller volume of gas exchanged per breath.

Emphysema

Shortness of Breath Chronic Cough Weezing Fatigue/ Weakness Anxiety/ Depression Abnormally Rapid Heartbeat

Effects