Emotional control: Limbic system 1. The limbic system 2. The amygdala 2.1 Anatomy of the amygdala 2.2 Principles of function of the amygdala Antonio R. Damasio „Descartes‘ Error: Emotion, Reason and the Human Brain“ Vintage, 2006. Joseph LeDoux „The emotional brain“ Phoenix, 1999.
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Emotional control: Limbic system
1. The limbic system
2. The amygdala
2.1 Anatomy of the amygdala
2.2 Principles of function of
the amygdala
Antonio R. Damasio „Descartes‘ Error: Emotion, Reason and the Human
Brain“ Vintage, 2006.
Joseph LeDoux „The emotional brain“ Phoenix, 1999.
Elliot („A modern Phineas Gage“):
- no difference in the IQ
- no difference in memory skills
- no difference in making decisions at laboratory conditions
- Strong difficulties to plan the future and to come to decisions in real
life situations
deficit in emotions that support to come to decisions and to focus
attention also for longer time
Limbic system
phylogenetically old
system (
„emotional
brain“)
Cingulate gyrus (G.
cinguli, auch G.
limbicus)
derived from limbus
(lat.): border
ring or gyri in the
medial
hemispheres
Concept of limbic system rests upon functional connections
(anatomically not precisely described)
Ring of Papez (James Papez, 1937): „circuit for emotions“
reciprocal connections
higher centers are connected via the cingulate gyrus (form of „primitive
cortex“ with 3-layer structure)
Central role of cingulate gyrus: stimulation causes different responses
inhibition of respiration, „arrest reaction“, aggressive behavior,
sometimes pleasurable emotions
Cingulate gyrus
appears also to be
involved in
mediating
consciousness (Fischer et al., „A human
brain network determined
from coma-causing
brainstem lesions“,
Neurology 2016)
According to A. Damasio:
- circuits involving the amygdala and the cingulate gyrus: involved in
primary emotions (inborn, preorganized emotions)
- Additional circuits involving the somatosensory cortex and prefrontal
cortex: involved in secondary emotions (more complex and learned
emotions)
Amygdala („Mandelkern“)
Complex structure, consisting of about 10 distinct nuclei
Contains cortical regions (nucleus corticalis) and non-cortical regions
transitory structure between cortex and nuclei
Rich in peptidergic neurons
Optical tract
Hypothalamus
Topical organization of the amygdala
Distinct reactions are associated with distinct
regions
rage
escape
Distinct vegetative reactions, e.g. chewing,
activation of the salivary gland
Involved in mediating both:
- unconscious emotional state („primary emotions“) and
- conscious feeling („secondary emotions“)
role in „negative emotions“ (fear) and in linking „negative emotions“
with other aspects of cognition, i.e. learning and memory