HELCOM Baltic Sea Environment Fact Sheets 2014 1 Emissions from Baltic Sea shipping in 2013 Authors: Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen, Lasse Johansson Finnish Meteorological Institute, Atmospheric Composition Research, P.O Box 503, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland Key message 1. Total emissions from all vessels in the Baltic Sea in 2013 were 323 kt of NOx, 80 kt of SOx, 16 kt of PM, 35 kt of CO and 15.3 Mt of CO2. The CO2 amount corresponds to 4862 kilotons of fuel and 209 PJ of energy used. The emissions of all pollutants have decreased when compared to year 2012, except CO, for which an increase of +1.3% was observed. The emissions of inland waterway traffic have been excluded from this report. 2. Emissions, ship numbers and fuel consumption from IMO registered, large vessels showed slight change with respect to 2012. (NOx: 306 kt, -1.5 %, SOx: 76 kt -0.7%, PM2.5: 15.1, -0.5%, CO: 33 kt, +1.3%, CO2: 14.3 Mt, -0.7 %, fuel consumption: 4523 kt, -0.7 %). Total number of IMO- registered ships was 7883 (0 %) which is very close to 2012 number (7885). 3. Activities from non-IMO registered traffic (presumably small boats) increased significantly with respect to 2012. The number of small boats was 7465, increase of +27.2% from 2012. Thus, small vessels constitute more than half (54.6%) of the number of AIS transceivers in the Baltic Sea area. The amount of small vessels, and their contribution to emissions, has been steadily increasing from 2006. In 2012, the overall contributions of small vessels to emissions are as follows NOx: 5.2%, SOx: 4.6 %, CO: 9.3 %, PM: 6.2% and CO2: 6.0 %. The addition of AIS transceivers to small boats will increase the fraction of pleasure craft traffic included in emission calculations. The annual increase of small vessels included in AIS data will inevitably also increase the total emissions from the Baltic Sea shipping. 4. Overall transport work (DWT*km) has increased by +1.8% while the number of large vessels has remained nearly constant at the same time. The transport work of containership segment remained almost constant (+0.3 %, change of -0.5% in vessel numbers). Tankers increased their transport work (+2.0 %, change of -0.5% in vessels numbers) while passenger ships showed a decrease of -2.8% in transport work. Other cargo transport work (bulk, unitized, vehicles) increased +3.8%. Results and assessment The emissions of particulate matter and sulphur from Baltic Sea shipping have decreased gradually since 2006 because of the tightening SOx emission regulations of the MARPOL Convention in the Baltic Sea SECA area. Also EU sulphur directive requirements, which limit the fuel sulphur to 0.1% during harbor stays, contributed to this result. Only slight changes in PM and SOx emissions between 2012 and 2013 were observed. The geographical distribution of CO2 emissions in 2013 is illustrated in Figure 1.
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Emissions from Baltic Sea shipping in 2013 - HELCOM€¦ · Summary of key results from Baltic Sea shipping in 2012-2013. NOx SOx PM2.5 CO CO2 Transport work Ships [t] [t] [t] [t]
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HELCOM Baltic Sea Environment Fact Sheets 2014
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Data
The emission estimates for the year 2013 are based on over 780 million AIS-messages sent by 17380 different ships, of which 7883 had an IMO registry number indicating commercial marine traffic. The AIS position reports were received by terrestrial base stations in the Baltic Sea countries and collected to regional HELCOM AIS data server. The HELCOM server contains position updates for each vessel every 5-6 minutes. Emissions are generated using the Ship Traffic Emission Assessment Model (STEAM) of Jalkanen et al. (2009, 2012) and further described in Johansson et al. (2013). Temporal coverage of the data was slightly lower than previously in 2012; AIS signals were received 98.7% of the time, without any significant data gaps. In the limited number of cases with missing data, routes of each vessel were interpolated between two known locations.
Metadata
Fuel and vessel operational procedures can have a large impact on exhaust emissions. Emission factors for ships are in accordance with the latest literature and are believed to represent a reasonable estimate of the resulting emissions. Marine currents and sea ice can have a significant impact on emissions, but both of these effects have been neglected. Some uncertainty in predicted emissions arises from the large number of small vessels for which technical details are unavailable.
For the first time, this factsheet contains emissions from Baltic Sea shipping without a contribution from inland waterways. This has reduced the reported vessel numbers and emissions, in contrast with the previous HELCOM ship emission factsheets. Minor changes were made to emission factors and Tier 0 engines have been assigned 10% higher NOx emission factor than previously. Particulate matter emissions are reported as dry mass and do not include associated water. The installed auxiliary engine power for vessels which lack this data has been modified to use a closest match in ship database instead of average values which were previously used to fill in missing specifications.
In cases of incomplete temporal coverage of AIS data, the values given in this Indicator Fact Sheet have been scaled to reach 100% coverage.
For reference purposes, please cite this Baltic Sea environment fact sheet as follows: