Emergency Medical Response You Are the Emergency Medical Responder Your medical emergency response team has been called to the fitness center by building security on a report that an employee complained of having difficulty breathing. You and your partner arrive and find the man conscious but in distress. The patient’s chief complaint is difficulty breathing. He says he just “overdid it” on the treadmill. He appears to be out of breath and is having trouble speaking in full sentences. You begin a primary assessment and determine that the patient is in respiratory distress. Lesson 14: Airway and Ventilation
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Emergency Medical Response You Are the Emergency Medical Responder Your medical emergency response team has been called to the fitness center by building.
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Emergency Medical Response
You Are the Emergency Medical Responder
Your medical emergency response team has been called to the fitness center by building security on a report that an employee complained of having difficulty breathing. You and your partner arrive and find the man conscious but in distress. The patient’s chief complaint is difficulty breathing. He says he just “overdid it” on the treadmill. He appears to be out of breath and is having trouble speaking in full sentences. You begin a primary assessment and determine that the patient is in respiratory distress.
Lesson 14: Airway and Ventilation
Emergency Medical Response
An Open Airway is the Priority
Ensuring an open airway is the most important step you can take in caring for a patient because a person cannot breathe without an open airway.
A patient who can speak or cry is conscious, has an open airway, is breathing and has a pulse.
Emergency Medical Response
Respiratory System Overview
Upper airway tract• Begins at the mouth• Includes the nose, pharynx and larynx
Lower airway tract• Begins below the level of the vocal cords• Includes the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and
alveoli
Emergency Medical Response
Oxygenation
Oxygenation refers to the amount of oxygen in the bloodstream.
An insufficient amount of oxygen delivered to the cells is referred to as hypoxia.
Emergency Medical Response
Types of Respiratory Emergencies
Respiratory distress: when someone has difficulty breathing
shallow breathing Gasping for breath Wheezing, gurgling or
high-pitched noises Unusually moist or cool
skin
Flushed, pale, ashen or bluish skin color
Shortness of breath Dizziness or light-
headedness Pain in the chest or
tingling in the hands, feet or lips
Apprehensive or fearful feelings
Emergency Medical Response
Activity
You and your partner are summoned to a local conference center in response to an emergency call. A person who was scheduled to speak at a conference began complaining of difficulty breathing about 10 minutes before he was scheduled to speak. On arrival at the scene, you find the patient sitting on the floor, breathing rapidly. The patient states that all of sudden he began to feel dizzy and his lips started tingling.
Three-part device: a bag, a valve and a mask Advantages:
• Increased oxygen blood levels• Ability to be connected to emergency oxygen• Increased effectiveness of ventilations when used
correctly by two rescuers• Protection against disease transmission and
inhalation hazards• Useful with advanced airway adjuncts
Emergency Medical Response
BVM Ventilation Rates and Patient Age
30 to 60 breaths per minute: 1 ventilation about every 1 to 2 seconds for a newborn (0 to 1 month)
12 to 20 breaths per minute: 1 ventilation about every 3 seconds for a child or an infant
8 to 10 breaths per minute: 1 ventilation about every 5 seconds for an adult
Emergency Medical Response
You Are the Emergency Medical Responder
While waiting for emergency medical services personnel to arrive, you complete a SAMPLE history and secondary assessment. You have helped the patient into a position of comfort for breathing when he suddenly loses consciousness and stops breathing. He has a pulse.
Emergency Medical Response
Assessing Breath Sounds
Use a stethoscope to listen to lungs• In the front, listen along the midclavicular line
at the second intercostal space• On the sides, listen along the midaxillary line
between the fourth and fifth intercostal spaces• In the back, listen along the midclavicular line
below the scapula Compare sounds heard on both sides Suspect obstruction if abnormal sounds, such as
wheezing, rales, rhonchi or stridor, are heard
Emergency Medical Response
Sellick’s Maneuver
Also known as cricoid pressure Appropriate during positive pressure ventilation
situations when a patient requires intubation Two rescuers needed: one to perform the
maneuver, another to perform the intubation Application of pressure on both sides of cricoid
cartilage using the thumb and index finger, with pressure applied firmly toward the back of the neck
Emergency Medical Response
Asthma Medications
Long-term control medications Quick-relief medications (rescue medications) Medications for allergy-induced asthma