Embryonic Growth Amniotic sac- fluid-filled membrane that surrounds and protects the developing fetus Umbilical cord- ropelike structure that connects.

HUMAN GROWTH AND

DEVELOPMENT

Embryonic Growth Amniotic sac- fluid-filled membrane that

surrounds and protects the developing fetus Umbilical cord- ropelike structure that

connects the embryo and the mother’s placenta; nutrients and oxygen go from mom to child through this; baby passes waste to mom through cord

Placenta- thick blood-rich tissue that lines the walls of the uterus during pregnancy and nourishes the embryo

Conception

Conception is union of sperm and egg also known as fertilization

Zygote is the result of the fertilization Zygote attaches to the uterine wall and

that is called implantation Embryo is what zygote changes too

between the third and eighth week of pregnancy

Fetus is after 8 weeks

Fetal Development

First trimester0-2 weeks- spinal cord, brain, ears, arms,

and heart begin to form3-8 weeks- mouth, eyelids, hands fingers,

feet form, heart fully functional9-14 weeks- develop human profile, sex

organs, fingernails and toenails develop, may start sucking thumb at 12 weeks

Fetal Development

Second Trimester15-20 weeks- can blink, growth of head

slows, limbs reach full proportion, eyebrows develop, can grasp and kick

21-28 weeks- hear conversations, regular cycle of waking and sleeping, weight increases rapidly, may survive if born after 24 weeks but would need special medical care

Fetal Development

Third Trimester:29-40 weeks- uses all five senses, begins to

pass water from bladder, approximately 266 days after conception the baby is ready to be born

Pre pregnancy

If you are planning ahead to having children you should take good care of your health and then have good prenatal care

Eat properly when pregnant: need extra calcium- for strong bones and teeth, protein for muscle, iron for red blood cells and oxygen, vitamin a cell and bone growth, vitamin b for nervous system, folic acid to build spinal cord

Labor Stage 1 dilatation- contractions of uterus

cause cervix, to dilate or widen, 95% of babies heads are resting here, the contractions break the amniotic sac

Stage 2 passage through the canal- cervix is fully dilated and baby passes through the birth canal, baby cries to clear its lungs of amniotic fluid

Stage 3 afterbirth- placenta is still attached and must be pushed out of the body and cut from the baby

During pregnancy

Should not gain more than 35 pounds Do not consume large amounts of

caffeine Don’t use tobacco, alcohol, or drugs Alcohol can cause Fetal Alcohol

Syndrome Environmental hazards are lead, smog,

radiation, and cat litter

Complications Miscarriage- spontaneous expulsion of a fetus

that occurs before the 20th week of pregnancy Stillbirth- dead fetus expelled from the body after

the 20th week Ectopic pregnancy- zygote implants in fallopian

tube, abdomen, ovary or cervix, number one cause of death in pregnant females

Preeclampsia- prevents the placenta from getting enough blood, result in low fetal birth weight and problems for mother like high blood pressure, swelling, and large amounts of protein in urine

Heredity Traits passed from parents to children EX: eye and hair color, shape of your

earlobes Chromosomes are found within the nucleus

of a cell that carry codes for traits, Our body contains 46, 23 from each parent

Genes basic unit of society DNA- unit that makes up the chromosomes

Heredity

One pair of genes responsible for trait. Dominant genes appear when the trait is

present Recessive genes appear only when

dominant genes are not present So if you have one of each the dominant

trait will show

Heredity

Sperm and egg cells carry chromosomes the females are always x and males are x or y

Chromosomes determine gender XX is femaleXY is male

Genetic disorders Caused by partly or completely defect in

genes; some caused right away others later in lifeSickle-cell anemia- red blood cells sickle shaped

and clumpTay-sachs- destruction of nervous system; die

during early childhoodCystic fibrosis- mucus clogs many organs,

nutritional problems, serious respiratory infectionsDown syndrome- mental retardation, short stature,

round faceHemophilia- failure of blood to clot

Infancy

Period of fastest growth Birth to 1 year Task is to develop trust Time of learning Learn to view the world as a safe place

Early childhood

1 to 3 years Task to develop ability to do tasks for

oneself Learns to walk, talk, dress, feed

themselves Develop autonomy- confidence that a

person can control his or her own body impulses and environment

Middle childhood

4 to 6 years old Task- to develop responsibility, take

initiative, to create own play More engaged in interactions with

others, model adult behavior, help with chores

Late childhood

7 to 12 years Task- to develop an interest in

performing activities Transition from home to school Learn role in society

Adolescence Childhood to adulthood Go through puberty Hormones are what regulates changes and

helps you go through change Sex characteristics develop

Females: breast develop, waistline narrows, hips widen, body fat increases, menstruation starts

Males: facial hair appears, voice deepens, shoulders broaden, muscles develop

Both: body hair appears, permanent teeth grow in, perspiration increases

Adolescence Eggs present at birth in females Sperm production begins when go through

puberty Females growth spurt happens earlier in life than

males Boys voice cracks because larynx is growing Brain is 95% of adult size by age 6 but does not

mentally start to mature until teen years Abstinence until marriage keeps you free from

STDs Task: achieve emotional independence

Adolescence Mental changes that occur are things grow

and become more understanding of things Emotional changes are due to the fact of all

the hormones being released Social changes occur because you and

friends start defining who you are and try new things

Support and guidance of parents help you become more emotionally and socially independent

Adult physique does not mean you’re an adult

Young adulthood Age 19 to 40 Task: develop intimacy Tries to develop close relationships Four aspects to focus are personal independence,

occupational choices, intimate relationships, contributions to society

How can being involved as teen and young adult help transition later in life?Help them find a career they enjoy, make friends and meet

new people to provide support, activities they can do when they retire, give sense of satisfaction later in life

Middle Adulthood

40 to 65 years Task: develop a sense of having

contributed to society Social transitions during this time focus

on family

Late Adulthood

65 to death Life expectancy is 77 years in United

States Health care advances is what allows us

to live longer now Having your health triangle in balance is

what allows you to successfully adjust to aging

Grieving Process Denial or Numbness Emotional Releases Anger Bargaining Depression Remorse Acceptance Hope To help cope with death allow reflection once

gone through these stages