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whitbybird
EMBODIED CARBON INCONSTRUCTION
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global and local
over 8,000 employees
200 offices
20 countries
11 offices in the UK and Ireland
Ramboll is a leading engineering, design and consultancy company at the forefront of
innovation. From across 200 offices we apply our engineering skills and passion to a wide
range of projects in the UK and around the world.
LOCATIONS
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Start at the end
operational CO2 vs embodied CO2
Schools operational CO2 emissions
CIBSE Guide F 31 kgCO2/m2/yr
CIBSE TM46 45 kgCO2/m2/yr
Part L 2006 25 kgCO2/m2/yr
Schools embodied CO2
New build 500 kgCO2/m2
year 1
OperationalCO2
Embodied
CO2
year 10
OperationalCO2
Embodied
CO2
year 20
OperationalCO2
Embodied
CO2
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How does embodied CO2 compare?
as our buildings become more energy efficient
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Embodied carbon
in the press
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Phase change materialsCement
replacement
Thermal mass
Lime mortar
15% construction waste
Unfired/compressed earth bricks
Carbon negative timber
Magnesium oxide cement Post tensioned concrete
Bubbledeck concrete
Lean engineeringRammed earth
Modern methods of
construction
Cement production 5% of
global CO2 emissions
Construction 10% of
UK CO2 emissions
Definition of Embodied Energy/CO2
and some initial thoughts
Energy/CO2 required to extract, process, fabricate, transport and erectmaterials on site
Hemp lime construction
Re-cycle and re-use
Adaptable buildings
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So how much material do we use?
in construction
Concrete
23,5m tonnes of ready mixed concrete in 2007
0,3m tonnes of rebar in 2007
Steel
1,4m tonnes of constructional steelwork produced in the UK in 2007
Brick/Block
38m of clay bricks used and produced in the UK in 2007 99m of concrete blocks/bricks used and produced in the UK in 2007
Timber
10,5m m3 of sawn wood used in the UK in 2006
6,7m m3 of wood based panels used in the UK in 2006
Summary
400m tonnes of construction material used annually
90m tonnes of construction waste annually (of which approximately
50% is re-cycle as aggregate)
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How does embodied CO2 compare?
office buildings
Statistics
32,500m2 NIA or GIA?
Embodied 765 kgCO2/m2
Operation 60 90 kgCO2/m2
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How does embodied CO2 compare?
residential buildings
Statistics
3 bed house 20 40 tCO2
Embodied 300 675 kgCO2/m2
Operation 30 50 kgCO2/m2 ?
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How does embodied CO2 compare?
school buildings
Statistics
2 different structure solutions
Embodied 300 600 kgCO2/m2
Operation 25 - 35 kgCO2/m2
-
0.100
0.200
0.300
0.400
0.500
0.600
0.700
U-beam school Deltabeam school
tCO2e/m2
End of Life
Maintenance
Onsite Activities
Delivery
Raw Materials
-10%
0.579
0.523
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
U-beam school Deltabeam school
tCO 2e/m2
End of Life
Maintenance
Onsite Activities
Delivery
Raw Materials
66% 65%
4%3%
14% 13%
14%13%
5%5%
2.070 2.003
0.5790.523
-
0.500
1.000
1.500
2.000
2.500
3.000
U -b eam sch ool De lt ab eam schoo l
tCO2e/m 2
Embodied
Operational
-5%2.648
2.527
78.2% 79.3%
21.8% 20.7%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
U -b eam schoo l De lt abeam sch ool
tC O2e/ m2
Embodied
Operational
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How does embodied CO2 compare?
school buildings
Steel industry research
22.5m 10,000m2
Embodied 300 350 kgCO2/m2
Operation 27 kgCO2/m2
Structure 10% cost, 60% CO2
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How does embodied CO2 compare?
Ramboll and UoC study
Peterborough School
975m2 Sportshall and Studio
Timber LCA -40tCO2
Steel LCA 220tCO2
Embodied CO2 of structure only
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Drivers
lots to read
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The Government Departments
all in on the act
www.decc.gov.uk
Department for Energy and Climate Change
The UK Low Carbon Transition Plan July 2009
www.communities.gov.uk/planningandbuilding/theenvironment
Communities and Local Government
Building a Greener Future July 2007
Code for Sustainable Homes Consultations on definition of zero carbon
EPCs and DECs
www.zerocarbonhub.org
www.berr.gov.uk/whatwedo/sectors/construction
Department for Business, Innovation and Skills
Strategy for Sustainable Construction June 2008
Construction Innovation and Growth Team
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Zero carbon timetable
is it possible?
2016
All new homes
2018 All new public sector buildings
2019
All new buildings
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Embodied CO2 and policy / regulation
what is coming?
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Recent studies on embodied CO2
ODA
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Telford Homes / Waugh Thistleton Architects
Solid timber construction, 180tCO2 stored
29 apartments, operational CO2 29kgCO2/m2
10% renewables obligation waived by Hackney
Embodied CO2 off settings renewables
Stadthaus, Hackney
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More action
more to read
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BREEAM, CfSH and BRE
status of materials
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BRE GREEN GUIDE TO SPECIFICATIONstatus of materials
Embodied CO2 figures given
Floors -18 to 150 kgCO2/m2
Roofs -4 to 290 kgCO2/m2
External walls -3 to 370 kgCO2/m2
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Strategic Forum for Constructionaspirations
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Calculate your own embodied CO2what is out there?
Industry claims
Steel (SCI) 762 kgCO2/t
RC (Concrete Centre) 115 kgCO2/t
Timber (Wood for Good) -900 kgCO2/t
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Calculate your own embodied CO2what is out there?
Edinburgh Centre for CarbonManagement
Steel 2300 kgCO2/t
RC 250 kgCO2/t
Timber -1000 kgCO2/t
Bath University ICE Steel 1440 kgCO2/t
RC 210 kgCO2/t
Timber 390 kgCO2/t
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-800kg
CO2
+275kg
CO2
+800kg
CO2
2500KWhr
1m3
+275kg
CO2
+300kgCO2
+700kgCO2
2500KWhr
1m3
+1000kgCO2
Sequestered CO2 and TimberTimber and concrete 1m3 analysis
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Combating Climate Changea role for UK forests
UK Forestry Commission report
UK Woodland could provide 10% GHG abatement.
Scottish forests remove 12% of CO2 emissions.
UK forest carbon sink reducing from 16mtCO2 in
2004 to 5mtCO2 in 2020.
Wood fuel potential to save 7mtCO2 in UK.
Estimated 70mtCO2 stored in timber housing in UK.
Stern review and UK Low carbon transition plan
recognise woodland creation as cost effective.
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Embodied CO2related to structural performance
But..60kgCO2 stored in timber beam
Timber beam 15kgCO2
Concrete beam 50kgCO2
Steel beam 60kgCO2
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In summarywhere are we with embodied CO2?
DIY
Using Bath University ICE
BRE Green Guide to Specification Link to BREEAM
Specialist consultants
Dcarbon8, ECCM, Davis Langdon etc.
but no embodied CO2 regulation at present or in foreseeable future
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Reducing embodied carbonand advice and case studies
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Reducing embodied carbonwhere to concentrate
Structure
50%-60%
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Reducing embodied carbonin building structures
Lean design
Re-cycled materials
Renewable materials
Minimise waste
Design for long life
Holistic design
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Reducing embodied carbonin building structures
Lean design
Re-cycled materials
Renewable materials
Minimise waste
Design for long life
Holistic design
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MOSSBOURNE ACADEMY
Exposed timber frame
22.5m new build secondary school
960m3 timber, 800t CO2 stored
Equivalent to 10% renewables for 20 years?
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RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
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RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Timber concrete composite floors
Direct competition to steel frame?
3x stiffer and 2x stronger
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE
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UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE
Exposed timber frame
10m new build faculty of education
240m3 timber, 200t CO2 stored
Equivalent to 6% renewables for 20 years?
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Reducing embodied carbon
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Reducing embodied carbonin building structures
Lean design
Re-cycled materials
Renewable materials
Minimise waste
Design for long life
Holistic design
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY
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CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY
Physics for Medicine
Exposed concrete frame teaching and labs
Low Carbon concrete mix
Equivalent to 3% renewables over 20 years?
Reducing embodied carbon
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gin building structures
Lean design
Re-cycled materials
Renewable materials
Minimise waste
Design for long life
Holistic design
NORWICH ACADEMY
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UKs largest timber frame
22m new build secondary school
3500m3 timber, 2900t CO2 stored
Equivalent to 30% renewables for 20 years?
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NORWICH ACADEMY
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ST JOHN FISHER SCHOOL
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Solid timber panel construction
11m extension and refurbishment
1000m3 timber, 800t CO2 stored
Equivalent to 30% renewables for 20 years?
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Reducing embodied carbonin building structures
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in building structures
Lean design
Re-cycled materials
Renewable materials
Minimise waste
Design for long life
Holistic design
SHEFFIELD UNIVERSITY
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Hybrid concrete system
17m new build LRC using bubbledeck
110,000 balls 550m3 of RC saved or 175t CO2
Equivalent to 2% renewables for 20 years?
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Reducing embodied carbonin building structures
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g
Lean design
Re-cycled materials
Renewable materials Minimise waste
Design for long life
Holistic design
1 SOUTHAMPTON ROW
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Innovative cassette raft
1500m3 concrete saved, 550tCO2
Long span steel structure 600t steel premium
Concrete 550tCO2 saving, steel 1150tCO2 gain
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Reducing embodied carbonin building structures
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Lean design
Re-cycled materials
Renewable materials Minimise waste
Design for long life
Holistic design
BGS, NOTTINGHAM
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UKs first timber termodeck building
5m new build offices
450m3 timber, 365t CO2 stored
Equivalent to 7% renewables for 20 years?
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Reducing embodied carbonin building structures
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Lean design
Post tension concrete
Suitable floor spans
Re-cycled materials Cement replacement
Renewable materials
Timber structures
Minimise waste Prefabrication
Design for long life
Low maintenance, adaptable
Reduction in concrete and rebar
Approx 23% saving in ECO2
Approx 33 kgCO2/m2
Reduction is steel content
Approx 28% saving in ECO2
Approx 62 kgCO2/m2
Reduction in cement content
Approx 22% saving in ECO2
Approx 46 kgCO2/m2
Carbon negative?
Approx 32% (205)saving in ECO2
Approx 52 (335) kgCO2/m2
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