Emancipation • Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation, which led to the 13 th Amendment, freeing enslaved Americans • The emancipation proclaimed that all enslaved people in the states controlled b the Confederacy were free. • “If I could save the Union w/o freeing any slave, I would do it; If I could save it by freeing all the slaves, I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone, I would also do that. What I do about slavery,… I do because it helps to save the Union.” -Letter to Horace Greeley, Newspaper Publisher Aug. 1862.
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Emancipation Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation, which led to the 13 th Amendment, freeing enslaved Americans The emancipation proclaimed that.
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Emancipation
• Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation, which led to the 13th Amendment, freeing enslaved Americans
• The emancipation proclaimed that all enslaved people in the states controlled b the Confederacy were free.
• “If I could save the Union w/o freeing any slave, I would do it; If I could save it by freeing all the slaves, I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone, I would also do that. What I do about slavery,… I do because it helps to save the Union.”-Letter to Horace Greeley, Newspaper Publisher Aug. 1862.
Shift in Public Opinion• If Lincoln could free the slaves,
it would help the North to win the war-Slaves in Confederate states were put to work helping the south win (Growing food, digging trenches).
• 5 days after Antietam, Sept. 22, 1862, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation.
• Signed into law Jan 1, 1863• “All persons held as slaves
within any state…in rebellion against the United States shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free.”
Effects of the Proclamation• Britain and France withheld their
support for recognition for the Confederacy
• The 13th Amendment was passed and this is what truly freed the slaves in America.
• African Americans join the war effort
• 1862-Congress passed a law allowing African Americans to serve in the US Army.
• 15% of Navy and 10% of Army-• 200,000 served and 37,000 lost
their lives
54th Massachusetts
• All Black regiment led by a white abolitionist-Robert Shaw
• Fort Wagner-50% casualty rate
Women in the War
• Harriet Tubman-underground railroad/spy• Belle Boyd-spy for the South• Rose O’Neal Greenhow-spy for the South• Loretta Janeta Velazquez-Fought at Bull Run and
Shiloh• Dorothea Dix-work with prisoners and disabled• Clara Barton-Nursing-American Red Cross• Sally Tompkins-hospital in South
Opposition to the War
• The Copperheads-Because they’d bite you just like the poisonous snake
• Copperheads are Peace Democrats. Spoke up whenever the Union lost a battle
• Lincoln suspends the right of Habeas Corpus (rights to a trial)
• Draft laws-could hire a substitute or pay $300.00
• Draft riots in NYC-Killed 100 people
The Tide of War Turns
• Winter of 1862-1863 saw gloom in the North and hope in the South
• Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia seemed unbeatable
• Lee’s Strategy against weak Union Generals• Lee wins at Fredericksburg VA-huge losses by the North.
Lee wins at Chancellorsville VA. • Big losses on both sides but Lee loses his most trusted
General-Stonewall Jackson
The Battle of Gettysburg
• If Lee could win on northern soil, maybe Britain and France would recognize and aid the Confederacy
• July 1, 2, and 3, 1863• Union stumble across Rebels looking for shoes• Cemetery Ridge• Little Roundtop• Picketts Charge-The Union wins and the South has
reached its “high water mark”• Win in Vicksburg, Miss. By General Grant-Union