EM Wave Spectrum and Photon Energy

8/14/2019 EM Wave Spectrum and Photon Energy

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EM Wave Spectrum andEM Wave Spectrum and

Photon EnergyPhoton EnergyBY : HENDRA SETIAWANBY : HENDRA SETIAWAN


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What do you imagine when youWhat do you imagine when you

hear the word opto-electronics?hear the word opto-electronics? Opto-electronics is a word combiningOpto-electronics is a word combining

optics and electronics, mainly used inoptics and electronics, mainly used inJapan.Japan.

American people prefer to use a termAmerican people prefer to use a termoptronics or electro-optics.optronics or electro-optics. This academic field covers broad conceptsThis academic field covers broad concepts

involving light emitting devices andinvolving light emitting devices and

elements, information displays, imageelements, information displays, imagepickup devices, optical storages, opticalpickup devices, optical storages, opticalcommunications, remote sensing systemscommunications, remote sensing systemsand so on.and so on.


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Spectrum of Electromagnetic Waves :

f [Hz]

0

[m]

106 109 1012 1015 1018

103 1 10-3 10-6 10-9

Radio

TV

Microwa

ves

Infrared

Ultravio

l et

XRays

Gamma

Rays

Visible

Optical Waves


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Electromagnetic SpectrumElectromagnetic SpectrumElectromagnetic SpectrumElectromagnetic SpectrumVisible Spectrum

700 nm 400 nm


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prism screen

slit Continuous spectrum

Continuous spectrum

Line spectrumLine absorption spectrum

Line emission spectrum

SpectrumSpectrum

ultraviolet infrared

1.5eV3eV 2.5eV 2eV

800n

m

300n

m

3.5eV4eV


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VISIBLE LIGHTVISIBLE LIGHT

The visible wavelength region isThe visible wavelength region is

between 380 nm and 780 nmbetween 380 nm and 780 nm

Light whose wavelength is shorterLight whose wavelength is shorter

than 380nm is called ultraviolet.than 380nm is called ultraviolet.

Light whose wavelength is longerLight whose wavelength is longer

than 780 nm is called infrared.than 780 nm is called infrared.


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Wavelength

Distance

FieldStrength

Wavelength : distance to complete one sine wave

fc0= c0 : speed of light = 3*10

8 [m/s] (vaccum)

f : frequency [Hz]


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Optical Frequencies & Wavelength

10

15

1014

1013

1012

1016

1 m

10 m

100 m

1mm

10nm

100nm

f [Hz]

ultraviolet

infrared

visible visible

390nm

455nm

492nm

577nm597nm622nm

760nm

violet

blue

green

yelloworange

red

1600nm

optical

communications

800nm


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LW Transmission

Bands

Near Infrared

Frequency

Wavelength 1.6

229

1.0 0.8 m0.6 0.41.8 1.4

UV

(vacuum) 1.2

THz193 461

0.2

353

Longhaul Telecom

Regional Telecom

Local Area Networks

850 nm

1550 nm

1310 nm

CD Players780 nm

HeNe Lasers633 nm


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Bohr Atomic Model

Bohr PlanetaryModel

electrons

Classical Model

photon

nucleus


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Quantized Energy Levels & Orbits

n=1

n=3

n=2

n=4

Energy

Distance from nucleusnucleus

n=1

n=2

n=3

photon

orbits

electrons

Bigger orbit => Higher energy


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Emission and absorption of a photon

E=hf

Atomic excitation

Absorption

E=hf

Atomic de-excitation

Emission


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Energy Bands, Absorption and Emmision

- particles in the matter occupy discrete energy levels.

Absorption:

- by absorbing external (thermal, electric or optical)energy, particles move to a higher energy levels.

Emission:

- moving from a higher to a lower energy level is

compensated by the emission of a photon .


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The Photon:

- light consists of particles called PHOTONs.

- photons have the speed of light (c0) in vacuum.

- photons have wave like characteristics.

- photons interact with other material

- photons have electromagnetic energy (E=hf)


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PHOTON Energy (E) : E = hf [eV]

h = Plancks cte = 6.626*10-34 [Js]

f = Frequency = c0 / 0 [Hz]c0 = 3 x 108 m/s (vacuum)

1 eV : energy transferred to accelerate an electron

in vacuum by a 1 V potential difference.

1eV = 1.602 x 10-19 [Joule]


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Relation between f, 0 and E

0 = 1 m f = 3*1014 [Hz] , h= 6.626*10-34 [Js] E = hf = 1.988*10-19 [J] 1.24 [eV]

e : electronic charge = 1.602 *10-19 [C]

1015 1014 1013 1012 1011

1 m 10 m 100 m 1mm 1cm100nm

10 1 10-1 10-2 10-3

f [Hz]

0[m]

E [eV]

0 [ m] = 1.24 /E[eV]


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NEXTNEXTSolid State Electronic MaterialSolid State Electronic Material


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22ndnd AssignmentAssignment

Sebutkan dan gambarkan macam-Sebutkan dan gambarkan macam-

macam tipe kisi-kisi/lattice kristal?macam tipe kisi-kisi/lattice kristal?

Apakah konduktivitas termal itu?Apakah konduktivitas termal itu?

EM Wave Spectrum and Photon Energy

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