ELT ACTION RESEARCH.

7/28/2019 ELT ACTION RESEARCH.

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ELT Action Research


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Reflection on the Defeat

I was

defeated?

WHY?

Causes:

Under-estimate

Not Serious

Analyzing DataAsking friendsReading LiteratureAccessing google


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2nd Race


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REFLEKSI ATAS KEKALAHAN

I was

defeated?

WHY?

Causes:

Didnt use allcompetitive

advantages

Track was notsuitable

Analyzing DataAsking friendsReading LiteratureAccessing google


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3rd Race


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How to Win?

Reflect(Evaluate)Previous

Race

PlanImprovement

Action! (Dothe plan)

ObserveRace Data

AR


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ACTION RESEARCH Action Research is a combination of the terms action and research.

Action research puts ideas into practice for the purpose of self-improvement and increasing knowledge about curriculum, teaching,and learning. The ultimate result is improvement in what happens inthe classroom and school (Kemmis & McTaggert, 1982).

Action research is a systematic procedure done by teachers (or otherindividuals in an educational setting) to gather information about, andsubsequently improve, the ways their particular educational settingoperates, their teaching, and their student learning (Mills, 2011 ).

Action research is a systematic approach to investigation that enables

people to find effective solutions to problems they confront in theireveryday lives. It does not look for generalization but focuses onspecific situations and localized solutions


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Reasons Why Action Research is a Research

An AR addresses questions of

interest to other practitioners; An AR generates data;

An AR contains analysis and

interpretation.


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What Differentiated Action

Research from other Researches it is carried out by the practitioner (classroom

teachers);

it can be collaborative or individual;

it is situational (identification and solution ofproblems in a specific context);

it can be aimed at changing things (improving thecurrent state of affairs).(Nunan, Research Methods in Language Learning(1992:17))


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ACTION RESEARCH FEATURES

AR involves action in that it seeks to bring aboutchange, specifically in local educationalcontexts.

AR is a research because it entails thecollection and analysis of data.

AR is participatory and collaborative as itprovides for collaborative investigation by teamsof colleagues, practitioners and researchers.

AR is contextual, small-scale and localizeditidentifies and investigates problems within aspecific situation.


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Action Research Process

Question


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Action Research Process


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Act ion Research Procedures

Stage 1: Researchers identify, evaluate, and formulatea problem that is viewed as critical to their everydayteaching. This problem need not be restricted to aparticular class but could involve a system change suchas curriculum innovations in a school system.

Stage 2: Researchers consult with other interestedpartiesteachers, otherresearchers, andadministratorsin order to focus the problem moreclearly and perhaps suggest the cause of the problem.This stage is crucial because it involves the clarificationof the objectives and assumptions of the study.

Stage 3: Researchers review research literature to findout what can be learned from comparable studies.


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Act ion Research Procedures(cont.)

Stage 4: Based on their reading, researchers maymodify or redefine the initial statement of the problem,which may take the form of a set of objectives or atestable hypothesis. They also explicitly state theassumptions underlying the project.

Stage 5: Researchers specify the research design including theparticipants, choice of materials, and procedures.

Stage 6: Researchers clarify how the project will be evaluatedwith an understanding that this evaluation will be continuous.

Stage 7: Researchers implement the project undertaking thedata collection process.

Stage 8: Researchers analyze the data, draw inferences, andevaluate the project.


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Classroom Act ion Research Stages1. Problem

identification

evaluation,formulation

2. consultationwith interested

colleagues

3. LiteratureReview

4. Determiningobjectives or a

testablehypothesis

5. Specifying researchdesign (participants,

materials, andprocedures)

6. DeterminingSuccess Criteria

7. Project

implementation

8. AnalyzingData &

Reporting


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Data Collecting Methods

DATA

COLLECTION

Observation

Systematic

(With Observation Guide)

Non-systematicInterview

Question-

naire

Documents

Learner-diary

Teacher-diary

Test

Written

Oral

Practice/Role-playing


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Data Triangulation in AR

RESEARCHERS TRIANGGULATION

Assigning some researchers to collect similar data so that theobtained data is saturated or constants

TIME TRIANGGULATION

Similar data are collected in different times along the researchperiod.

SPACE TRIANGGULATION

Collecting similar data from some different places.

THEORETICAL TRIANGGULATION

Comparing the obtained data to some different but interrelatedtheories (holistic approach)


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As a process research which is naturalistic andtransformative (aims to make changes) the situationof an AR continuously changes. To keep its

reliability, the researcher needs to:1) Attach original data (e.g. interview transcript

and field notes

2) menggunakan lebih dari satu sumber data untuk

mendapatkan data yang sama3) berkolaborasi dengan sejawat atau orang lain

yang terkait.


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The Use of a Blog as a Tool to Improve Writing in the Second

Language Classroom

Background: ESOL students finds writing the most difficult andfeel writing is not important to master.

Feasible and interesting solution: writing using IT, especially ablog which offers a collaborative environment wherebystudents can read and comment on each others work.

Hypothesis: Blogging can effectively improve ESOL studentswriting skills.

Research questions: (1) How effective does blogging developESOL students writing skills; and (2) How do the studentsrespond to the use of blogging to develop their writing skills?

Research Sample:


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Language Classroom

Design: 25 ESOL students were taught writing a blendedlearning approach, i.e. practice writing using blog alongside

traditional teaching methods in classes. Materials were basedon the assigned curriculum.

Success Criteria: The class achieved the mean score of 85 atthe end of the action research

Implementation: Every student was asked to write a fiveparagraph essay in every meeting and published it to the classblog. They then commented other students essay in class out

class time.

Research Sample:


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Language Classroom

Results: The mean score of mid term test (1st cycle) was 72,and of the final test (2nd cycle) was 86. Based on the survey, at

the end of the 1st cycle it was revealed 60% of the studentswas motivated to write better because they realized their

works were visible to all people. In the same period, 65% felt

they learnt a lot by commenting other students works. But , at

the end of the 2nd cycle 90% of them was motivated to write

better, and 88% learnt a lot by commenting other students

works.

Research Sample:


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AR Proposal Outline

I. Introduction

A.Background

B. Problem Statement

C. Research ObjectivesD. Research Significances

II. Review of Related Theories

A. Literature Review

B. Conceptual Framework

C. Hypothesis (optional)


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AR Proposal Outline (cont.)

III. Research Methodology

A. Research Method: Action Research

B. Research Setting and Subjects Features

C. Research VariablesD. Action Plan (e.g. Lesson Plan)

E. Data Types and Sources

F. Data Collection technique

G. Data Analysis technique

H. Data TriangulationI. Research Procedure

J. Bibliography


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References

McKay, S. L. (2006). Researching second language classrooms. NewJersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers

Burns. A. (2010). Doing action research in English language teaching: A

guide for practitioners. New York: Routledge:Creswell, J. W. 2008. Educational research: Planning, conducting, and

evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. New Jersey:Pearson

Denscombe, M. (2010). The good research guide for small-scale socialresearch projects. New York: McGraw-Hill

Ross, Kenneth N. (ed.). (2005). Educational research: Some basicconcepts and terminology. Paris: International Institute forEducational Planning/ UNESCO.