_____________________________________________________________________________ New Jersey BPU LGEA – Elliott Street Annex THE NEWARK PUBLIC SCHOOLS Group 2 Buildings ELLIOTT STREET ANNEX 284 First Avenue, Newark, NJ 07107 LOCAL GOVERNMENT ENERGY AUDIT PROGRAM FOR NEW JERSEY BOARD OF PUBLIC UTILITIES April 2014 Prepared by: 6 Campus Drive Parsippany, NJ 07054 (973) 538-2120 CHA PROJECT NO. 27998
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ELLIOTT STREET ANNEX 284 First Avenue, Newark, NJ 07107...steam heating system delivers steam to individual cast iron radiators, cabinet heaters and convectors located in perimeter
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_____________________________________________________________________________ New Jersey BPU LGEA – Elliott Street Annex
THE NEWARK PUBLIC SCHOOLS
Group 2 Buildings
ELLIOTT STREET ANNEX 284 First Avenue, Newark, NJ 07107
LOCAL GOVERNMENT ENERGY AUDIT PROGRAM FOR
NEW JERSEY BOARD OF PUBLIC UTILITIES
April 2014
Prepared by:
6 Campus Drive Parsippany, NJ 07054
(973) 538-2120
CHA PROJECT NO. 27998
_____________________________________________________________________________ New Jersey BPU LGEA – Elliott Street Annex
6.1.1 New Jersey Smart Start Program ................................................................................................ 19
6.1.2 Direct Install Program ................................................................................................................. 19
6.1.3 New Jersey Pay For Performance Program (P4P) ....................................................................... 20
6.1.4 Energy Savings Improvement Plan ............................................................................................. 21
6.1.5 Renewable Energy Incentive Program ........................................................................................ 22
ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SCREENING EVALUATION .....................................................23 7.0
7.1 Solar ............................................................................................................................................ 23
7.1.1 Photovoltaic Rooftop Solar Power Generation .......................................................................... 23
7.1.2 Solar Thermal Hot Water Generation......................................................................................... 24
APPENDICES A Utility Usage Analysis and List of Third Party Energy Suppliers
B Equipment Inventory C ECM Calculations and Cost Estimates D New Jersey BPU Incentive Programs i. Smart Start ii. Direct Install iii. Pay For Performance Incentive Program (P4P) iv. Energy Savings Improvement Plan (ESIP) E Photovoltaic (PV) Solar Power Generation Analysis F Photos G EPA Portfolio Manager
_____________________________________________________________________________ New Jersey BPU LGEA – Elliott Street Annex
iii
REPORT DISCLAIMER
This audit was conducted in accordance with the standards developed by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) for a Level II audit. Cost and savings calculations for a given measure were estimated to within ±20%, and are based on data obtained from the owner, data obtained during site observations, professional experience, historical data, and standard engineering practice. Cost data does not include soft costs such as engineering fees, legal fees, project management fees, financing, etc. A thorough walkthrough of the building was performed, which included gathering nameplate information and operating parameters for all accessible equipment and lighting systems. Unless otherwise stated, model, efficiency, and capacity information included in this report were collected directly from equipment nameplates and /or from documentation provided by the owner during the site visit. Typical operation and scheduling information was obtained from interviewing staff and spot measurements taken in the field.
_____________________________________________________________________________ New Jersey BPU LGEA – Elliott Street Annex
iv
List of Common Energy Audit Abbreviations
• A/C – Air Conditioning • AHS – Air Handling Unit • BMS – Building Management System • Btu – British thermal unit • CDW – Condenser Water • CFM – Cubic feet per minute • CHW – Chilled Water • DCV – Demand Control Ventilation • DDC – Direct Digital Control • DHW – Domestic Hot Water • DX – Direct Expansion • EER – Energy Efficiency Ratio • EF – Exhaust Fan • EUI – Energy Use Intensity • Gal – Gallon • GPD – Gallons per day • GPF – Gallons Per Flush • GPH – Gallons per hour • GPM – Gallons per minute • GPS – Gallons per second • HHW – Heating Hot Water • HID – High Intensity Discharge • HP – Horsepower • HRU – Heat Recovery Unit • HVAC – Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning • HX – Heat Exchanger • kbtu/mbtu – One thousand (1,000) Btu • kW – Kilowatt (1,000 watts) • kWh – Kilowatt-hours • LED – Light Emitting Diode • mbh – Thousand Btu per hour • mmbtu – One million (1,000,000) Btu • OCC – Occupancy Sensor • PSI – Pounds per square inch • RTU – Rooftop Unit • SBC – System Benefits Charge • SF – Square foot • UH – Unit Heater • V – Volts • VAV – Variable Air Volume • VSD – Variable Speed Drive • W – Watt
New Jersey BPU LGEA 1 | P a g e Newark Public Schools – Elliott Street Annex
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.0 This report summarizes the energy audit performed by CHA for Newark Public Schools (NPS), in connection with the New Jersey Board of Public Utilities (NJBPU) Local Government Energy Audit (LGEA) Program. The purpose of this report is to identify energy savings opportunities associated with major energy consumers and inefficient practices. Low-cost and no-cost are also identified during the study. This report details the results of the energy audit conducted for the building listed below:
Building Name Address Square Feet
Construction Date
Elliott Street Annex 284 First Ave. Newark, NJ 07107 65,551 1929
The annual energy and cost savings for the recommended energy conservation measures (ECM) identified in the survey are shown below:
Building Name Electric Savings (kWh)
NG Savings (therms)
Total Savings
($) Payback (years)
Elliott Street Annex 69,422 2,827 13,346 10.2 Each individual measure’s annual savings are dependent on that measure alone, there are no interactive effects calculated. There are three options shown for Lighting ECM savings; only one option can be chosen. Incentives shown (if any) are based only on the SmartStart Incentive Program. Other NJBPU or local utility incentives may also be available/ applicable and are discussed in Section 5.0. Each measure recommended by CHA typically has a simple payback period of 15 years or less to be consistent with the requirements of the Energy Savings Improvement Plan (ESIP) which has a maximum payback period of 15 years. Occasionally, we will recommend an ECM that has a longer payback period, based on the need to replace that piece(s) of equipment due to its age, such as a boiler for example. The following table provides a detailed summary of each ECM for the building surveyed, including costs, savings, SmartStart incentives and payback.
New Jersey BPU LGEA 2 | P a g e Newark Public Schools – Elliott Street Annex
Summary of Energy Conservation Measures
ECM
#
Energy Conservation Measure
Est. Costs ($)
Est. Savings ($/year)
Payback w/o
Incentive
Potential Incentive
($)*
Payback w/
Incentive
Rec
omm
ende
d
1 Install Door Seals 3,226 197 16.4 0 16.4 Y 2 Boiler Replacement 3,730,845 22,436 166.3 4,000 166.1 N 3 Basic Controls 21,309 2,511 8.5 0 8.5 Y
6 Smart Controller for Window AC Units 2,300 1,242 1.9 0 1.9 Y
L1** Lighting
Replacements / Upgrades
102,177 8,509 12.0 2,000 11.8 N
L2** Install Lighting Controls (Add
Occupancy Sensors) 6,669 2,368 2.8 1,040 2.4 N
L3 Lighting
Replacements with Controls (Occupany
Sensors)
108,846 9,396 11.6 3,040 11.3 Y
Total** 4,034,328 39,807 101.3 7,090 101.2
Total (Recommended) 135,682 13,346 10.2 3,040 9.9
* Incentive shown is per the New Jersey SmartStart Program. ** These ECMs are not included in the Total, as they are alternate measures not recommended.
The following alternative energy measures are also recommended for further study:
• Photovoltaic (PV) Rooftop Solar Power Generation – 10 kW System
New Jersey BPU LGEA 3 | P a g e Newark Public Schools – Elliott Street Annex
If NPS implements the recommended ECMs, energy savings would be as follows:
New Jersey BPU LGEA 4 | P a g e Newark Public Schools – Elliott Street Annex
BUILDING INFORMATION AND EXISTING CONDITIONS 2.0 The following is a summary of building information related to HVAC, plumbing, building envelope, lighting, kitchen equipment and domestic hot water systems as observed during CHAs site visit. See appendix B for detailed information on mechanical equipment, including capacities, model numbers and age. See Appendix F for some representative photos of some of the existing conditions observed while onsite.
Building Name: Elliott Street Annex Address: 284 First Ave., Newark NJ 07107 Gross Floor Area: 65,551 sq.ft. Number of Floors: 3 and Basement Year Built: 1929 Additions: none
Description of Spaces: Classrooms, offices, cafeteria, auditorium, gymnasiums, stage, kitchen, media center (library), storage rooms, toilet rooms and mechanical rooms. Description of Occupancy: The school serves 475 students from pre-K to 4th grade. There are 48 school faculty and staff members. Number of Computers: The school has approximately 68 desktop and laptop computers. Building Usage: Hours of operation are 7:00 AM – 3:30 PM Monday through Friday, with various after-school activities. 50 hours per week, 10 months per year. Construction Materials: Structural steel framing with concrete masonry unit exterior walls, insulation unknown but assumed minimal. Interior walls plaster and lathe. Interior and exterior walls are in fair to good condition. Façade: Brick veneer Roof: The roof appears to be covered with an adhered membrane, insulation unknown. Roof color is light gray.
New Jersey BPU LGEA 5 | P a g e Newark Public Schools – Elliott Street Annex
Windows:. Double hung double pane windows with aluminum frames. Windows are in good condition and no ECMs associated with window replacement were evaluated. Exterior Doors: Doors are wooden framed double-doors with small upper windows. Door sweeps and seals are in poor condition. An ECM is included to address this condition. Heating Ventilation & Air Conditioning (HVAC) Systems Heating:. Two (2) natural gas firetube steam boilers, manufactured by Superior Combustion Industries in 1974, provide heat for the school. Both boilers appear to be in fair condition. Each of these boilers is rated at 8,088 lbs/hr. at 15 psi. The steam pressure is generally maintained between 1-3 psi, but can reach as high as 5 psi. Both boilers are needed on the coldest days of the year, but on most days during the heating season only one boiler is required. A two-pipe steam heating system delivers steam to individual cast iron radiators, cabinet heaters and convectors located in perimeter areas around the building; with the condensate pumped back to the boilers via a condensate feed-water return system. Building personnel indicated that steam traps are functionally in good condition. The building is prone to uneven heating, with some spaces being over-heated while others are under-heated. Steam unit heaters are installed in the cafeteria and other miscellaneous mechanical areas. In general a steam heating system is less efficient and consumes more energy than that of a hot water heating system. There are two opportunities that exist to reduce energy consumption for the existing steam system: 1) install controls to allow for automatic control of the system including steam pressure reset or 2) replace the entire steam heating system with hot water which would include new supply and return piping and equipment. Both of these ECMs are included in Section 5.0 Note: The existing steam boilers have surpassed their useful service life according to ASHRAE. CHA has included an ECM to replace the entire heating system with hot water which is shown in Section 5; however if the district does not wish to pursue this ECM and rather replace the boilers in kind (Steam to Steam), the estimated ballpark cost would be $286,000. Cooling: Perimeter classrooms and offices are cooled by window air conditioning units, which vary in size from 0.5 to 2 tons equivalent cooling. These are left in place year-round and are not covered in the winter-time. Since there is not automated control, occasionally window ACs may be left on while the building is un-occupied. An ECM for a window AC controller was included to address these units. Ventilation: At one time the auditorium was ventilated with air handling units installed in penthouse mechanical rooms. These units are no longer operational. During the site visit several windows were observed open and were providing ventilation. Exhaust: Exhaust fans are used to ventilate toilet rooms and the kitchen. Fractional horsepower toilet room exhaust fans are installed on the roof. Controls Systems The building was previously equipped with a Johnson Controls pneumatic temperature controls system, including indoor and outdoor air sensors. However the system has since been dismantled, including the sensors and steam zone valves, and the building is currently without any type of controls system. Boiler operation is completely manual and steam generation often runs wild. It was noted in many classrooms during the site visit that windows were open as a
New Jersey BPU LGEA 6 | P a g e Newark Public Schools – Elliott Street Annex
counter to the over-heating that would otherwise be taking place. If controls were present in the building, space temperatures could be set back from the current 80°F during unoccupied hours and occupants could have more control over individual space temperatures. The school would benefit from a reduction in energy consumption associated with heating the building for reduced hours. Both basic and full DDC controls ECMs are presented in Section 5.0 Domestic Hot Water Systems Domestic hot water (DHW) is generated by a natural gas fired Rheem-Ruud 65 gallon commercial water heater model #G68-S60A, which feeds into a 115 gallon Aero storage tank. Both of these tanks are approximately sixteen (16) years old and are nearing the end of their useful lives. The domestic hot water is pumped around the school to restrooms and sinks by a fractional horsepower B&G circulator pump. An ECM has been included to address replacing the existing DHW system with a higher efficiency system with a smaller storage capacity. Kitchen Equipment The Elliott Street Annex has a small warming kitchen off the cafeteria/gymnasium. There is no range or kitchen hood . There is one Metro HM 15LW heated holding cabinet; one (1) reach-in Victory Ultra-spec cooler and two (2) reach-in freezers used for long term cold food storage. There does not appear to be any dishwashing equipment. All refrigeration equipment appeared to be new. Plumbing Systems This building contains older style high flow water closets (3.5 GPF) and high flow faucets (2.2 GPM). One safety shower was noted in the Boiler Room. Some urinals had been updated while others were older style with drains located on the floors. The building uses a greater quantity of city water due to the fact that it is heated by an aging steam system, notorious for high water usage. An ECM was included to address plumbing fixture replacement. Plug Load This school has computers, copiers, smart boards, residential appliances (microwave, refrigerator), printers and portable electric heaters (personal) which contribute to the plug load in the building. Lighting Systems The lighting within this school is primarily 4’ T8 linear fluorescent fixtures with electronic ballasts, with the number of lamps varying per fixture from one, two, three, to four. The majority of T8 fixtures however are the single lamp type. The auditorium also contains high wattage (~300 watts) incandescent bulbs as well as high pressure sodium lamps. Exterior lighting consists of 150W metal halide wall-pack units. The building does not contain occupancy sensors—all lights are operated by manual switches.
New Jersey BPU LGEA 7 | P a g e Newark Public Schools – Elliott Street Annex
UTILITIES 3.0 Utilities used by the building are delivered and supplied by the following utility companies:
Electric Natural Gas Deliverer PSEG PSEG
Supplier Nextera Energy Services
PSEG
For the 12-month period ending in December 2013, the utilities usages and costs for the building were as follows:
Natural Gas Annual Consumption 43,593 Therms Annual Cost 41,697 $ Unit Rate 0.96 $/therm
Blended Rate: Average rate charged determined by the annual cost / annual usage Supply Rate: Actual rate charged for electricity usage in kWh (based on most recent electric bill) Demand Rate: Rate charged for actual electrical demand in kW (based on most recent electric bill)
0102030405060708090
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
kW
kWh
Elliott Street Annex - Electric Usage- Meter No.: 266018663
New Jersey BPU LGEA 8 | P a g e Newark Public Schools – Elliott Street Annex
05101520253035404550
02000400060008000
10000120001400016000
kW
kWh
Elliott Street Annex - Electric Usage- Meter No.: 728003572
01,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,0007,0008,0009,000
10,000
Ther
ms
Elliott Street Annex - Natural Gas Usage - Meter No.: 2643849
New Jersey BPU LGEA 9 | P a g e Newark Public Schools – Elliott Street Annex
In addition, domestic water and sewer services are provided by City of Newark Division of Water at $7.55/1000 gal. This building has a fairly typical electrical consumption profile, with a slight dip during the summer when classes are not in session. Natural gas consumption is mainly for heating and follows a typical usage profile for an elementary school See Appendix A for a detailed utility analysis. Under New Jersey’s energy deregulation law, the supply portion of the electric (or natural gas) bill is separated from the delivery portion. The supply portion is open to competition, and customers can shop around for the best price for their energy suppliers. The electric and natural gas distribution utilities will still deliver the gas/ electric supplies through their wires and pipes – and respond to emergencies, should they arise – regardless of where those supplies are purchased. Purchasing the energy supplies from a company other than your electric or gas utility is purely an economic decision; it has no impact on the reliability or safety of the service.
Comparison of Utility Rates to NJ State Average Rates* Recommended to Shop for Third Party Supplier?
Utility Units School Average Rate NJ Average Rate
Electricity $/kWh $0.137 $0.128 Y Natural Gas $/Therm $0.956 $0.955 Y
* Per U.S. Energy Information Administration (2013 data – Electricity and Natural Gas, 2012 data – Fuel Oil) Additional information on selecting a third party energy supplier is available here: http://www.state.nj.us/bpu/commercial/shopping.html. See Appendix A for a list of third-party energy suppliers licensed by the Board of Public Utilities to sell within the building’s service area.
0100200300400500600700800900
1,000Th
erm
s
Elliott Street Annex - Natural Gas Usage - Meter No.: 1757447
New Jersey BPU LGEA 10 | P a g e Newark Public Schools – Elliott Street Annex
The charts below represent estimated utility end-use utility profiles for the building. The values used within the charts were estimated from a review of the utility analysis and the energy savings calculations.
Site End-Use Utility Profile
Most of the electricity consumed by educational facilities is used to for lighting, cooling, and plug loads such as computers and copiers; most of the natural gas is used for space heating. Each school’s energy profile is different, and the following charts represent typical utility profiles for K-12 schools per U.S. Department of Energy.
Typical End-Use Utility Profile for Educational Facilities
Lighting 27%
Motors 8%
A/C 4%
Plug Load 26%
Kitchen 2%
Computers 26%
Other 7%
Electricity Use (kWh):
Boilers 98%
DHW 2%
Natural Gas (therms)
New Jersey BPU LGEA 11 | P a g e Newark Public Schools – Elliott Street Annex
BENCHMARKING 4.0 TRC has previously benchmarked this building, the results of which have been provided to NPS. The results are summarized below. Copies of the benchmarking report are included in Appendix G. The EPA Portfolio Manager benchmarking tool provides a site and source Energy Use Intensity (EUI), as well as an Energy Star performance rating for qualifying building types. The EUIs are provided in kBtu/ft2/year, and the performance rating represents how energy efficient a building is on a scale of 1 to 100, with 100 being the most efficient. In order for a building to receive and Energy Star label, the energy benchmark rating must be at least 75. As energy use decreases from implementation of the proposed measures, the Energy Star rating will increase. The site EUI is the amount of heat and electricity consumed by a building as reflected in utility bills. Site energy may be delivered to a facility in the form of primary energy, which is raw fuel burned to create heat or electricity, such as natural gas or oil; or as secondary energy, which is the product created from a raw fuel such as electricity or district steam. To provide an equitable comparison for different buildings with varying proportions of primary and secondary energy consumption, Portfolio Manager uses the convention of source EUIs. The source energy also accounts for losses incurred in production, storage, transmission, and delivery of energy to the site, which provide an equivalent measure for various types of buildings with differing energy sources. The results of the Portfolio Manager benchmarking are contained in the table below.
Site EUI kBtu/ft2/yr Energy Star Rating (1-100)
72.6* 5** * Calculated by CHA using Utility Data provided by NPS ** Provided by TRC
The school has a below average Energy Star Rating Score (50 being the median score), and as such by implementing the measures discussed in this report, it is expected that the EUI can be further reduced and the Energy Star Rating further increased.
New Jersey BPU LGEA 12 | P a g e Newark Public Schools – Elliott Street Annex
ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES 5.0 The following types of energy savings opportunities are identified in this section of the report:
• Energy conservation measures (ECMs) are energy savings recommendations
that typically require a financial investment. For these areas of opportunity, CHA prepared detailed calculations, as summarized in this section and in Appendix C. In general, additional savings may exist from reductions in maintenance activities associated with new equipment or better controls; however for conservatism, maintenance savings are not accounted for in this report; instead the only savings which are reported are those derived directly from reductions in energy which can be tracked by the utility bills.
• Operational and Maintenance measures (O&M) consist of low- or no-cost
operational opportunities, which if implemented would have positive impacts on overall building operation, comfort levels, and/or energy usage. There are no estimated savings, costs or paybacks associated with the O&M measures included as part of this study.
Energy savings were quantified in the form of:
• electrical usage (kWh=Kilowatt-hour), • electrical demand (kW=kilowatts), • natural gas (therms=100,000 Btu), • propane gas (gallons=91,650 Btu), • fuel oil (gallons =138,700 Btu), and • water (kgal=1,000 gallons).
These recommendations are influenced by the time period that it takes for a proposed project to “break even” referred to as “Simple Payback”. Simple payback is calculated by dividing the estimated cost of implementing the ECM by the energy cost savings (in dollars) of that ECM. Another financial indicator of the performance of a particular ECM is the Return on Investment or ROI, which represents the benefit (annual savings over the life of a project) of an investment divided by the cost of the investment. The result is expressed as a percentage or ratio. Two other financial analyses included in this report are Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Net Present Value (NPV). Internal Rate of Return is the discount rate at which the present value of a project costs equals the present value of the project savings. Net Present Value is the difference between present value of an investment’s future net cash flows and the initial investment. If the NPV equals “0”, the project would equate to investing the same amount of dollars at the desired rate. NPV is sometimes referred to as Net Present Worth. These values are provided in the Summary Tab in Appendix C.
New Jersey BPU LGEA 13 | P a g e Newark Public Schools – Elliott Street Annex
5.1 ECM-1 Replace Door Sweeps and Seals
It was noted during the site visit that the seals and sweeps were showing wear on the nearly all of the exterior doors, and daylight was visible between the door and frame. . This leads to infiltration of unconditioned outside air or exfiltration of indoor air resulting in increased heating energy usage. This measure calls for the replacement of all exterior door seals. Replacement of these seals will result in a reduction of the buildings heating and cooling loads, therefore providing natural gas and electricity savings. The linear footage of gap and wind speed is used to estimate the infiltration rate, which is then multiplied by the BIN weather data and the equipment efficiencies to determine the annual energy savings. The implementation cost and savings related to this ECM are presented in Appendix C and summarized below: ECM-1 Replace Door Sweeps and Seals
Budgetary Cost
Annual Utility Savings ROI Potential
Incentive*
Payback (without
incentive)
Payback (with
incentive) Electricity Natural Gas Total
$ kW kWh Therms $ $ Years Years
3,226 - 27 202 197 (0.3) - 16.4 16.4 * Does not qualify for Incentive from the New Jersey SmartStart Program. See section 6.0 for other incentive opportunities This measure is recommended.
5.2 ECM-2 Convert Steam System to Hot Water & Install High Efficiency Condensing Boilers
The heating system consists of two (2) natural gas fired steam boilers. The boilers have a nameplate efficiency of 80%. The existing steam boilers are 40 years old and have surpassed their useful life. The steam distribution system is original 1929 and has also surpassed its useful life by many years. Steam heating systems are inherently inefficient and high maintenance as compared to re-circulated hot water heating systems or other modern heating systems. As steam systems age, the steam traps fail which then requires more untreated cold make-up water. This in turn requires more chemical treatment and increases the risk of boiler thermal shock. Steam piping becomes fouled with scale and corrosion over time resulting in poor heat transfer an ultimately pipe failure. Steam heating systems use boilers that only operate up to 84% combustion efficiency and have even lower thermal efficiency. Multiple condensate pumps and boiler feed water pumps consume electricity that would not be needed in other modern heating systems. In lieu of replacing the boilers in kind, this ECM evaluates replacing the steam system in its entirety with a more efficient hot water system. New modulating condensing gas boilers are available that minimally operate at 88%, and can operate as high as 96%. To implement this ECM, the old steam boilers, distribution piping, venting and terminal units would be removed and the new hot water boilers, distribution piping and primary pumps put in their place. Significant piping and wiring modifications would be needed. New
New Jersey BPU LGEA 14 | P a g e Newark Public Schools – Elliott Street Annex
dedicated boiler venting would also need to be installed either through the roof or sidewall. Asbestos abatement may need to be performed prior to any work and the cost for this is not included in the payback analysis. The implementation cost and savings related to this ECM are presented in Appendix C and summarized below: ECM-2 Convert Steam System to Hot Water & Install High Efficiency Boilers
Budgetary Cost
Annual Utility Savings ROI Potential
Incentive*
Payback (without
incentive)
Payback (with
incentive) Electricity Natural Gas Total
$ kW kWh Therms $ $ Years Years
3,730,845 - - 23,457 22,436 (0.1) 4,000 166.3 166.1 * Incentive shown is per the New Jersey SmartStart Program. See section 6.0 for other incentive opportunities. This measure is not recommended due to the high cost and long payback. As long as the boilers are maintained properly they should continue to operate beyond their service life. This ECM should be pursued if a major renovation to the building is planned.
5.3 ECM-3 Basic Controls The building uses steam boilers that are currently controlled manually by the building operators. Steam pressure is maintained at 3 psi most of the day with no regard to space temperature. Classrooms are overheated as a result and the teachers open the windows in an attempt to cool the rooms down. No night temperature set-back is implemented, unless the operator remembers to turn the boilers off before their shift ends. This highly inefficient method of operation consumes excessive fuel (natural gas). A Basic Control (system will provide automatic control of the boiler(s) to produce only enough steam (or hot water) needed to heat the building, based on a single or multiple averaging space thermostats and outdoor air temperatures. This system will not provide for independent room temperature control, but could be expanded in the future to provide this function, if desired using thermostatic radiator control valves. This system could also provide basic boiler and space temperature monitoring, trending and remote notification of boiler failure. The implementation cost and savings related to this ECM are presented in Appendix C and summarized below: ECM-3 Basic Controls
Budgetary Cost
Annual Utility Savings ROI Potential
Incentive*
Payback (without
incentive)
Payback (with
incentive) Electricity Natural Gas Total
$ kW kWh Therms $ $ Years Years
21,309 - - 2,625 2,511 0.1 - 8.5 8.5 * Does not qualify for Incentive from the New Jersey SmartStart Program. See section 6.0 for other incentive opportunities. This measure is recommended.
New Jersey BPU LGEA 15 | P a g e Newark Public Schools – Elliott Street Annex
5.4 ECM-4 Domestic Hot Water System Improvements The existing domestic hot water heating system consists of one (1) 65 gallon natural gas fired water heat which circulates DHW through one (1) 115 gallon storage tanks. The DHW heater has a thermal efficiency of 80%. The amount of stored water is oversized for this type of school which only uses hot water at hand sinks and for showers after swimming in the pool. Implementation of this ECM will entail replacing the existing DHW heater with a high efficiency condensing water heaters. The tank size of the existing system will be reduced to which will result in a combined savings from reducing the storage losses as well as reducing the overall fuel consumption. The proposed DHW heaters include one (1) high efficiency condensing heaters with 50 gallon capacity each. The implementation cost and savings related to this ECM are presented in Appendix C and summarized below: ECM-4 Domestic Hot Water System Improvements
Budgetary Cost
Annual Utility Savings ROI Potential
Incentive*
Payback (without
incentive)
Payback (with
incentive) Electricity Natural Gas Total
$ kW kWh Therms $
$ Years Years
15,600 - - 328 314 (0.1) 50 49.7 49.6 * Does not qualify for Incentive from the New Jersey SmartStart Program. See section 6.0 for other incentive opportunities. This measure is not recommended due to the long payback period.
5.5 ECM-5 Install Low Flow Plumbing Fixtures This building contains older style high flow water closets (3.5 GPF) and high flow faucets (2.2 GPM). One safety shower was noted in the Boiler Room. Some urinals had been updated while others were older style with drains located on the floors. The water savings associated from replacing existing high flow fixtures with low-flow fixtures was calculated by taking the difference of the annual water usage for the proposed and base case. The basis of this calculation is the estimate usage of each fixture, gallons per use, and number of fixtures. Replacing the existing fixtures in the restrooms with 1.28 Gals/flush toilets, 1.0 gal/flush urinals, and 0.5 gpm faucets will conserve water which will result in lower annual water and sewer charges. The implementation cost and savings related to this ECM are presented in Appendix C and summarized below:
New Jersey BPU LGEA 16 | P a g e Newark Public Schools – Elliott Street Annex
ECM-5 Install Low Flow Plumbing Fixtures
Budgetary Cost
Annual Utility Savings ROI Potential
Incentive*
Payback (without
incentive)
Payback (with
incentive) Electricity Natural Gas Total
$ kW kWh Therms $ $ Years Years
152,200 - - 1,929 3,710 (0.1) - 41.0 41.0 * Does not qualify for Incentive from the New Jersey SmartStart Program. See section 6.0 for other incentive opportunities This measure is not recommended due to the long payback.
5.6 ECM-6 Install Window A/C Controller This school makes use of small window air conditioning (A/C) units that provide cooling to interior spaces in the warmer months. There is no building-wide controls system that could shut them off during unoccupied periods. This ECM evaluates the installation of programmable “smart” timers that interrupt the electrical supply to the window air conditioners when cooling is not needed due to the room being unoccupied. The timers are configurable to operate as a standalone timer or they can be wirelessly interconnected to provide remote temperature control using software. The implementation cost and savings related to this ECM are presented in Appendix C and summarized below: ECM-6 Install Window A/C Controller
Budgetary Cost
Annual Utility Savings ROI Potential
Incentive*
Payback (without
incentive)
Payback (with
incentive) Electricity Natural Gas Total
$ kW kWh Therms $ $ Years Years
2,300 - 8,156 - 1,242 0.5 - 1.9 1.9 * Does not qualify for Incentive from the New Jersey SmartStart Program. See section 6.0 for other incentive opportunities This measure is recommended.
5.7.1 ECM-L1 Lighting Replacement / Upgrades The lighting within this school is primarily 4’ T8 linear fluorescent fixtures with electronic ballasts, with the number of lamps varying per fixture from one, two, three, to four. The majority of T8 fixtures however are the single lamp type. The auditorium also contains high wattage (~300 watts) incandescent bulbs as well as high pressure sodium lamps. Exterior lighting consists of 150W metal halide wall-pack units. Overall energy consumption can be reduced by replacing inefficient bulbs and linear fluorescent bulbs with more efficient LED technology. To compute the annual savings for this ECM, the energy consumption of the current lighting fixtures was established and compared to the proposed fixture power requirement with the same annual hours of operation. The difference between the existing and proposed annual energy consumption was the energy savings. These calculations are based on 1 to 1 replacements of the fixtures, and do not take into account lumen output requirements for
New Jersey BPU LGEA 17 | P a g e Newark Public Schools – Elliott Street Annex
a given space. A more comprehensive engineering study should be performed to determine correct lighting levels. Supporting calculations, including assumptions for lighting hours and annual energy usage for each fixture, are provided in Appendix C and summarized below: ECM-L1 Lighting Replacement / Upgrades
Budgetary Cost
Annual Utility Savings ROI Potential
Incentive*
Payback (without
incentive)
Payback (with
incentive) Electricity Natural Gas Total
$ kW kWh Therms $ $ Years Years
102,177 20 54,174 - 8,509 (0.0) 2,000 12.0 11.8 * Incentive shown is per the New Jersey SmartStart Program. See section 6.0 for other incentive opportunities. This measure is not recommended in lieu of ECM L3.
5.7.2 ECM-L2 Install Lighting Controls (Occupancy Sensors) The building does not contain occupancy sensors—all lights are operated by manual switches. Review of the comprehensive lighting survey determined that lighting in these areas could benefit from installation of occupancy sensors to turn off lights when the areas are unoccupied. This measure recommends installing occupancy sensors for the current lighting system. Using a process similar to that utilized in Section 5.7.1, the energy savings for this measure was calculated by applying the known fixture wattages in the space to the estimated existing and proposed times of operation for each fixture. The implementation cost and savings related to this ECM are presented in Appendix C and summarized below: ECM-L2 Install Lighting Controls (Occupancy Sensors)
Budgetary Cost
Annual Utility Savings ROI Potential
Incentive*
Payback (without
incentive)
Payback (with
incentive) Electricity Natural Gas Total
$ kW kWh Therms $ $ Years Years
6,669 - 17,121 - 2,368 0.4 1,040 2.8 2.4 * Incentive shown is per the New Jersey SmartStart Program. See section 6.0 for other incentive opportunities. This measure is not recommended in lieu of ECM L3.
5.7.3 ECM-L3 Lighting Replacements with Controls (Occupancy Sensors) This measure is a combination of ECM-L1 and ECM-L2; recommending replace/upgrade the current lighting fixtures to more efficient ones and installing occupancy sensors on the new lights. Interactive effects of the higher efficiency lights and occupancy sensors lead the energy and cost savings for this measure to not be cumulative or equivalent to the sum of replacing the lighting fixtures alone and installing occupancy sensors without
New Jersey BPU LGEA 18 | P a g e Newark Public Schools – Elliott Street Annex
the lighting upgrade. The implementation cost and savings related to this ECM are presented in Appendix C and summarized below: ECM-L3 Lighting Replacements with Controls (Occupancy Sensors)
Budgetary Cost
Annual Utility Savings ROI Potential
Incentive*
Payback (without
incentive)
Payback (with
incentive) Electricity Natural Gas Total
$ kW kWh Therms $ $ Years Years
108,846 20 61,239 - 9,396 (0.0) 3,040 11.6 11.3 * Incentive shown is per the New Jersey SmartStart Program. See section 6.0 for other incentive opportunities. This measure is recommended.
5.8 Additional O&M Opportunities This list of operations and maintenance (O&M) - type measures represent low-cost or no-cost opportunities, which if implemented will have a positive impact on the overall building operations, comfort and/or energy consumption. The recommended O&M measures for this building are as follows:
• Install Covers on Window Air Conditioners • Clean Window AC filters before each season • Perform a steam trap assessment yearly to ensure steam traps are functioning
properly. • Clear surface above unit ventilators of materials, plants, or books • Set computers monitors to turn off and computers to sleep mode when not in use • Look for the ENERGY STAR® label when purchasing Window AC units or
Kitchen Appliances • Disconnect unnecessary or unused small appliances and electronics when not in
use to reduce phantom loads • Train custodians to turn off lights and set HVAC temperatures to minimum levels
when rooms are unoccupied • Develop an Energy Master Plan to measure and track energy performance • Educate students and staff about how their behavior affects energy use. Create
student energy patrols to monitor and inform administration when energy is being wasted.
• During the winter, Custodians should ensure all windows are closed as part of cleaning routine
New Jersey BPU LGEA 19 | P a g e Newark Public Schools – Elliott Street Annex
PROJECT INCENTIVES 6.0
6.1 Incentives Overview The following sections give detailed information on available incentive programs including New Jersey Smart Start, Direct Install, New Jersey Pay for Performance (P4P) and Energy Savings Improvement Plan (ESIP). If the School District wishes to and is eligible to participate in the Energy Savings Improvement Plan (ESIP) program and/or the Pay for Performance Incentive Program (P4P), it cannot participate in either the Smart Start or Direct Install Programs. Refer to Appendix D for more information on the Smart Start program.
6.1.1 New Jersey Smart Start Program For this energy audit, The New Jersey Smart Start Incentives are used in the energy savings calculations, where applicable. This program is intended for medium and large energy users and provides incentives for:
• Electric Chillers • Gas Chillers • Gas Heating • Unitary HVAC • Ground Source Heat Pumps • Variable frequency Drives/ motors • Refrigeration • Prescriptive and performance lighting and lighting controls
The equipment is procured using a typical bid- build method, installed and paid for and then the incentives are reimbursed to the owner. Refer to Appendix D for more information on the Smart Start program.
6.1.2 Direct Install Program The Direct Install Program applies to smaller facilities that have a peak electrical demand of 200 kW or less in any of the previous 12 months. Buildings must be located in New Jersey and served by one of the state’s public, regulated electric utility companies. Direct Install is funded through New Jersey’s Clean Energy Program and is designed to provide capital for building energy upgrade projects to fast track implementation. The program will pay up to 70% of the costs for lighting, HVAC, motors, refrigeration, and other equipment upgrades with higher efficiency alternatives. If a building is eligible for this funding, the Direct Install Program can reduce the implementation cost of energy conservation projects. The Direct Install program has specific HVAC equipment and lighting requirements and is generally applicable only to smaller package HVAC units, small boilers and lighting retrofits.
New Jersey BPU LGEA 20 | P a g e Newark Public Schools – Elliott Street Annex
The program pays a maximum amount of $75,000 per building, and up to $250,000 per customer per year. Installations must be completed by an approved Direct Install participating contractor, a list of which can be found on the New Jersey Clean Energy Website. Contractors will coordinate with the applicant to arrange installation of recommended measures identified in a previous energy assessment, such as this energy audit. The incentive is reimbursed to the owner upon successful replacement and payment of the equipment. The building qualifies for this program because its electrical demand is less than the maximum peak electrical demand of 200 kW for the last 12 month period. Refer to Appendix D for more information on this program.
6.1.3 New Jersey Pay For Performance Program (P4P) The building may be eligible for incentives from the New Jersey Office of Clean Energy. The most significant incentives are available from the New Jersey Pay for Performance (P4P) Program. The P4P program is designed to offset the cost of energy conservation projects for facilities that pay the Societal Benefits Charge (SBC) and whose demand (kW) in any of the preceding 12 months exceeds 100 kW. This demand minimum has been waived for buildings owned by local governments or municipalities and non-profit organizations and is not applicable to public schools. Facilities that meet this criterion must also achieve a minimum performance target of 15% energy reduction by using the EPA Portfolio Manager benchmarking tool before and after implementation of the measure(s). Additionally, the overall return on investment (ROI) must exceed 10%. If the participant is a municipal electric company customer, and a customer of a regulated gas New Jersey Utility, only gas measures will be eligible under the Program. Available incentives are as follows: Incentive #1: Energy Reduction Plan – This incentive is designed to offset the cost of services associated with the development of the Energy Reduction Plan (ERP). The ERP must include a detailed energy audit of the desired ECMs, energy savings calculations (using building modeling software) and inputting of all utility bills into the EPA Portfolio Manager website.
• Incentive Amount: $0.10/SF • Minimum incentive: $5,000 • Maximum Incentive: $50,000 or 50% of Facility annual energy cost
The standard incentive pays $0.10 per square foot, up to a maximum of $50,000, not to exceed 50% of facility annual energy cost, paid after approval of application. For building audits funded by the New Jersey Board of Public Utilities, which receive an initial 75% incentive toward performance of the energy audit, facilities are only eligible for an additional $0.05 per square foot, up to a maximum of $25,000, rather than the standard incentive noted above. The ERP must be completed by a Certified Energy Manager (CEM) and submitted along with the project application. Incentive #2: Installation of Recommended Measures – This incentive is based on projected energy savings as determined in Incentive #1 (Minimum 15% savings must be achieved), and is paid upon successful installation of recommended measures.
New Jersey BPU LGEA 21 | P a g e Newark Public Schools – Elliott Street Annex
Electric • Base incentive based on 15% savings: $0.09/ per projected kWh saved. • For each % over 15% add: $0.005 per projected kWh saved. • Maximum incentive: $0.11/ kWh per projected kWh saved.
Gas • Base incentive based on 15% savings: $0.90/ per projected Therm saved. • For each % over 15% add: $0.05 per projected Therm saved. • Maximum incentive: $1.25 per projected Therm saved.
Incentive cap: 25% of total project cost Incentive #3: Post-Construction Benchmarking Report – This incentive is paid after acceptance of a report proving energy savings over one year utilizing the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Portfolio Manager benchmarking tool. Electric
• Base incentive based on 15% savings: $0.09/ per projected kWh saved. • For each % over 15% add: $0.005 per projected kWh saved. • Maximum incentive: $0.11/ kWh per projected kWh saved.
Gas
• Base incentive based on 15% savings: $0.90/ per projected Therm saved. • For each % over 15% add: $0.05 per projected Therm saved. • Maximum incentive: $1.25 per projected Therm saved.
Combining Incentives #2 and #3 will provide a total of $0.18/ kWh and $1.8/therm not to exceed 50% of total project cost. Additional Incentives for #2 and #3 are increased by $0.005/kWh and $0.05/therm for each percentage increase above the 15% minimum target to 20%, calculated with the EPA Portfolio Manager benchmarking tool, not to exceed 50% of total project cost. For the purpose of demonstrating the eligibility of the ECM’s to meet the minimum savings requirement of 15% annual savings and 10% ROI for the Pay for Performance Program, all ECM’s identified in this report have been included in the incentive calculations. The results for the building are shown in Appendix C, along with more detailed program information provided in Appendix D .
6.1.4 Energy Savings Improvement Plan The Energy Savings Improvement Program (ESIP) allows government agencies to make energy related improvements to their facilities and pay for the costs using the value of energy savings that result from the improvements. Under the recently enacted Chapter 4 of the Laws of 2009 (the law), the ESIP provides all government agencies in New Jersey with a flexible tool to improve and reduce energy usage with minimal expenditure of new financial resources. ESIP allows local units to use “energy savings obligations” (ESO) to pay for the capital costs of energy improvements to their facilities. This can be done over a maximum term of 15 years. ESOs are not considered “new general obligation debt” of a local unit and do not count against debt limits or require voter approval. They may be issued as
New Jersey BPU LGEA 22 | P a g e Newark Public Schools – Elliott Street Annex
refunding bonds or leases. Savings generated from the installation of energy conservation measures pay the principal of and interest on the bonds; for that reason, the debt service created by the ESOs is not paid from the debt service fund, but is paid from the general fund. For local governments interested in pursuing an ESIP, the first step is to perform an energy audit. Pursuing a Local Government Energy Audit through New Jersey's Clean Energy Program is a valuable first step to the ESIP approach. The “Local Finance Notice” outlines how local governments can develop and implement an ESIP for their facilities. The ESIP can be prepared internally if the entity has qualified staff. If not, the ESIP must be implemented by an independent contractor and not by the energy savings company producing the Energy Reduction Plan. The ESIP approach may not be appropriate for all energy conservation and energy efficiency improvements. Local units should carefully consider all alternatives to develop an approach that best meets their needs. Refer to Appendix D for more information on this program.
6.1.5 Renewable Energy Incentive Program The Renewable Energy Incentive Program (REIP) is part of New Jersey's efforts to reach its Energy Master Plan goals of striving to use 30 percent of electricity from renewable sources by 2020. Incentives for sustainable bio-power projects and for energy storage projects are currently under development, with competitive solicitations for each of those technologies expected to begin in the first quarter of 2014. The wind program is currently on hold. New solar projects are no longer eligible for REIP incentives, but can register for Solar Renewable Energy Certificates (SRECs) through the SREC Registration Program (SRP).
New Jersey BPU LGEA 23 | P a g e Newark Public Schools – Elliott Street Annex
ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SCREENING EVALUATION 7.0
7.1 Solar
7.1.1 Photovoltaic Rooftop Solar Power Generation The building was evaluated for the potential to install rooftop photovoltaic (PV) solar panels for power generation. Present technology incorporates the use of solar cell arrays that produce direct current (DC) electricity. This DC current is converted to alternating current (AC) with the use of an electrical device known as an inverter. The amount of available roof area determines how large of a solar array can be installed on any given roof. The table below summarizes the approximate roof area available on the building and the associated solar array size that can be installed.
Available Roof Area
Potential PV Array Size
(Ft2) (kW) 1,608 10
The PVWATTS solar power generation model was utilized to calculate PV power generation; this model is provided in Appendix E. Installation of (PV) arrays in the state New Jersey will allow the owner to participate in the New Jersey Solar Renewable Energy Certificates Program (SREC). This is a program that has been set up to allow entities with large amounts of environmentally unfriendly emissions to purchase credits from zero emission (PV) solar-producers. An alternative compliance penalty (ACP) is paid for by the high emission producers and is set each year on a declining scale of 3% per year. One SREC credit is equivalent to 1000 kilowatt hours of PV electrical production; these credits can be traded for period of 15 years from the date of installation. Payments that will be received by the PV producer (school) will change from year to year dependent upon supply and demand. There is no definitive way to calculate an exact price that will be received by the PV producer for SREC credits over the next 15 years. Renewable Energy Consultants estimates an average of $155/SREC for 2014 and this number was utilized in the cash flow for this report. The system costs for PV installations were derived from recent solar contractor budgetary pricing in the state of New Jersey and include the total cost of the system installation (PV panels, inverters, wiring, ballast, controls). The cost of installation is currently about $4.00 per watt or $4,000 per kW of installed system, for a typical system. There are other considerations that have not been included in this pricing, such as the condition of the roof and need for structural reinforcement. Photovoltaic systems can be ground mounted if the roof is not suitable, however, this installation requires a substantial amount of open property (not wooded) and underground wiring, which adds more cost. PV panels have an approximate 20 year life span; however, the inverter device that converts DC electricity to AC has a life span of 10 to 12 years and will most likely need to be replaced during the useful life of the PV system. The implementation cost and savings related to this ECM are presented in Appendix E and summarized as follows:
New Jersey BPU LGEA 24 | P a g e Newark Public Schools – Elliott Street Annex
Photovoltaic (PV) Rooftop Solar Power Generation – 10 kW System
Budgetary Cost Annual Utility Savings Total
Savings
New Jersey
Renewable SREC
Payback (without SREC)
Payback (with SREC)
Rec
omm
ende
d
Electricity Natural Gas
$ kW kWh Therms $ $ Years Years Y/N
40,000 10 12,490 0 1,902 1,936 21.0 10.4 FS
Note: CHA typically recommends a more detailed evaluation be conducted for the installation of PV Solar arrays when the screening evaluation shows a payback of less than 20 years. Therefore, this ECM is recommended for further study. Before implementation is pursued, the school district should consult with a certified solar PV contractor.
7.1.2 Solar Thermal Hot Water Generation Active solar thermal systems use solar collectors to gather the sun’s energy to heat a fluid. An absorber in the collector (usually black colored piping) converts the sun’s energy into heat. The heat is transferred to circulating water, antifreeze, or air for immediate use or is storage for later utilization. Applications for active solar thermal energy include supplementing domestic hot water, heating swimming pools, space heating or preheating air in residential and commercial buildings. A standard solar hot water system is typically composed of solar collectors, heat storage vessel, piping, circulators, and controls. Systems are typically integrated to work alongside a conventional heating system that provides heat when solar resources are not sufficient. The solar collectors are usually placed on the roof of the building, oriented south, and tilted at the same angle as the site’s latitude, to maximize the amount of solar radiation collected on a yearly basis. Several options exist for using active solar thermal systems for space heating. The most common method is called a passive solar hot water system involves using glazed collectors to heat a liquid held in a storage tank (similar to an active solar hot water system described above which requires pumping). The most practical system would transfer the heat from the panels to thermal storage tanks and then use the pre-heated water for domestic hot water production. DHW is presently produced by natural gas fired water heaters and, therefore, this measure would offer natural gas utility savings. Unfortunately, the amount of domestic hot water that is currently used by this school is very small. Installing a solar domestic hot water system is not recommended due to the limited amount of domestic hot water presently consumed by the school. This measure is not recommended due to the low domestic hot water demand.
7.2 Wind Powered Turbines Wind power is the conversion of kinetic energy from wind into mechanical power that is used to drive a generator which creates electricity by means of a wind turbine. A wind turbine consists of rotor and blades connected to a gearbox and generator that are
New Jersey BPU LGEA 25 | P a g e Newark Public Schools – Elliott Street Annex
mounted onto a tower. Newer wind turbines also use advanced technology to generate electricity at a variety of frequencies depending on the wind speed, convert it to DC and then back to AC before sending it to the grid. Wind turbines range from 50 – 750 kW for utility scale turbines down to below 50 kW for residential use. On a scale of 1 (the lowest) to 7 (the highest), Class 3 and above (wind speeds of 13 mph or greater) are generally considered “good wind resource” according to the Wind Energy Development Programmatic EIS Information Center hosted by the Bureau of Land Management. According to the map below, published by NREL, Newark, NJ is classified as Class 1 at 50m, meaning the city would not be a good candidate for wind power.
This measure is not recommended because Newark, NJ is a class 1 area.
7.3 Combined Heat and Power Plant
Combined heat and power (CHP), cogeneration, is self-production of electricity on-site with beneficial recovery of the heat byproduct from the electrical generator. Common CHP equipment includes reciprocating engine-driven, micro turbines, steam turbines, and fuel cells. Typical CHP customers include industrial, commercial, institutional, educational institutions, and multifamily residential facilities. CHP systems that are commercially viable at the present time are sized approximately 50 kW and above, with numerous options in blocks grouped around 300 kW, 800 kW, 1,200 kW and larger. Typically, CHP systems are used to produce a portion of the electricity needed by a facility some or all of the time, with the balance of electric needs satisfied by purchase from the grid.
Any proposed CHP project will need to consider many factors, such as existing system load, use of thermal energy produced, system size, natural gas fuel availability, and proposed plant location. The building has sufficient need for electrical generation and the ability to use most of the thermal byproduct during the winter; however thermal
New Jersey BPU LGEA 26 | P a g e Newark Public Schools – Elliott Street Annex
usage during the summer months does not exist. Thermal energy produced by the CHP plant in the warmer months will be wasted. An absorption chiller could be installed to utilize the heat to produce chilled water; however, there is no chilled water distribution system in the building. CHP is not recommended due to the building’s limited summer thermal demand.
This measure is not recommended due to the building’s limited summer thermal demand.
7.4 Demand Response Curtailment Presently, electricity is delivered by PSE&G, which receives the electricity from regional power grid RFC. PSE&G is the regional transmission organization (RTO) that coordinates the movement of wholesale electricity in all or parts of 13 states and the District of Columbia including the State of New Jersey. Utility Curtailment is an agreement with the utility provider’s regional transmission organization and an approved Curtailment Service Provider (CSP) to shed electrical load by either turning major equipment off or energizing all or part of a facility utilizing an emergency generator; therefore, reducing the electrical demand on the utility grid. This program is to benefit the utility company during high demand periods and utility provider offers incentives to the CSP to participate in this program. Enrolling in the program will require program participants to drop electrical load or turn on emergency generators during high electrical demand conditions or during emergencies. Part of the program also will require that program participants reduce their required load or run emergency generators with notice to test the system. A pre-approved CSP will require a minimum of 100 kW of load reduction to participate in any curtailment program. From January 2013 through December 2013 the following table summarizes the electricity load profile for the building.
Building Electric Load Profile
Peak Demand kW
Min Demand kW
Avg. Demand kW
Onsite Generation
Y/N Eligible?
Y/N 78.0 38.0 59.5 N N
Implementation for this measure will require a load shedding sequence to be established by using a demand control system. If the building has onsite electricity generation available, some load can be supplemented by running that unit. This measure is not recommended because the building does not have adequate load to meet the required minimum load reduction.
New Jersey BPU LGEA 27 | P a g e Newark Public Schools – Elliott Street Annex
CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS 8.0 The LGEA energy audit conducted by CHA for the building identified potential annual savings of $13,346/yr with an overall payback of 10.2 years, if the recommended ECMs are implemented. The potential annual energy and cost savings are shown in the following table.
Electric Savings (kWh)
Natural Gas Savings (therms)
Total Savings ($)
Payback (years)
69,422 2,827 13,346 10.2
The following projects should be considered for implementation:
• Replace Door Seals • Basic Controls • Install Window A/C Controller • Lighting Replacements with Controls (Occupancy Sensors)
The following alternative energy measures are recommended for further study:
• Photovoltaic (PV) Rooftop Solar Power Generation – 10 kW System
New Jersey BPU LGEA 28 | P a g e Newark Public Schools – Elliott Street Annex
Next Steps: This energy audit has identified several areas of potential energy savings. Newark Public Schools can use this information to pursue incentives offered by the NJBPU's NJ Clean Energy Program. Additional meetings will be scheduled with NPS staff members to review possible options.
Existing Conditions Post RecommnededECMs
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
Costs ($)
Electricity (kWh)
Natural Gas (therms)
APPENDIX A
Utility Usage Analysis and Alternate Utility Suppliers
Newark Public Schools LGEACHA Project# 27998 Elliott Street Annex - Electric Usage-(1)
Elliot Street Annex Utility Data-Newark Public Schools LGEA1 of 1
Start Date End Date kWh Demand Usage (KW) Total Charge Supply Charge Delivery Charge Demand Charge Consumption ($)
Elliott Street Annex (old First Avenu Start Date End Date Months284 First Ave., 07107 1/5/2012 2/5/2014 25Account Number 2147483647Meter Number 728003572
Newark Public Schools CHA Project# 27998Elliott Street Annex
Description QTY Manufacturer Name Model No. Serial No. Equipment Type / Utility
Capacity/Size /Efficiency Location Areas/Equipment Served Date Installed Remaining Useful
Life (years)
B-1 1 Superior N4AA5200A 7673-12704 Steam Boiler 6,088 lbs/hr, 80% eff Boiler Rm School 1974 -10
B-2 1 Superior N4AA5200A 7673-12731 Steam Boiler 6,088 lbs/hr, 80% eff Boiler Rm School 1974 -10
Window A/C 19 Varies N/A N/A Window Air Conditioner
8,000-24,000 Btu, 10.7 EER Various classrooms Various Classrooms 2005 1
DHW-1 1 Ruud G66-360A URHG0298G01483 Domestic Hot Water Heater
200 Gal / 360,000 Btu/hr, 80% eff
Basement Mechanical Room School 1994 0
DHW-2 1 Aero AST-016 0207R391 Domestic Hot Water Heater
115 Gal , 80% eff
Basement Mechanical Room School 1998 4
K-1 1 Ultraspec N/A N/A Refrigerator N/A Food Preparation Area Food Preparation Area 2000 1
K-2 2 True N/A N/A Reach In Refrigerated Cooler N/A Food Preparation Area Food Preparation Area 2000 1
K-3 1 Metro HM15LW N/A Tray Oven N/A Food Preparation Area Food Preparation Area 2000 1K-4 2 Traulsen RLT232NUT-FH8 T78877104 Commercial Freezer N/A Food Preparation Area Food Preparation Area 2000 1
Energy Audit of Newark Public Schools - Elliott Street AnnexCHA Project No. 27998 Cost of Electricity: $0.137 $/kWhExisting Lighting & Audit Input $4.27 $/kW
Area Description UsageNo. of
Fixtures Standard Fixture Code Fixture CodeWatts per
Fixture kW/Space Exist Control Annual Hours Annual kWhField Code
Unique description of the location - Room number/Room name: Floor number (if applicable)
Describe Usage Typeusing Operating Hours
No. of fixtures
before the retrofit
Lighting Fixture Code Code from Table of Standard Fixture Wattages
Value from Table of Standard Fixture Wattages
(Watts/Fixt) * (Fixt No.)
Pre-inst. control device
Estimated annual hours for the usage group
(kW/space) * (Annual Hours)
Retrofit control device
Notes
105LED Main Office Offices 10 W 32 F 1 F41LL 32 0.32 SW 2000 640 OCC46LED Boiler Room Boiler Room 7 W 32 C F 2 (ELE) F42LL 60 0.42 SW 2800 1,176 None46LED Boiler Room Boiler Room 4 W 32 C F 2 (ELE) F42LL 60 0.24 SW 2800 672 None105LED Men's Bathroom Restrooms 3 W 32 F 1 F41LL 32 0.10 SW 2250 216 OCC105LED Women's Bathroom Restrooms 3 W 32 F 1 F41LL 32 0.10 SW 2250 216 OCC105LED Custodian's Office Offices 3 W 32 F 1 F41LL 32 0.10 SW 2000 192 OCC105LED Room B-2 Classrooms 18 W 32 F 1 F41LL 32 0.58 SW 2400 1,382 OCC105LED Room B-3 Classrooms 18 W 32 F 1 F41LL 32 0.58 SW 2400 1,382 OCC105LED Room B-4 Classrooms 10 W 32 F 1 F41LL 32 0.32 SW 2400 768 OCC105LED Room B-6 Classrooms 10 W 32 F 1 F41LL 32 0.32 SW 2400 768 OCC20LED Hallway Hallways 17 S 32 C F 1 (ELE) F41LL 32 0.54 Breaker 4420 2,404 None105LED Room B-5 Art Classrooms 24 W 32 F 1 F41LL 32 0.77 SW 2400 1,843 OCC105LED Room B-7 Classrooms 8 W 32 F 1 F41LL 32 0.26 SW 2400 614 OCC40LED Room B-8 Classrooms 6 T 32 R F 2 (ELE) F42LL 60 0.36 SW 2400 864 OCC105LED Room B-9 Classrooms 4 W 32 F 1 F41LL 32 0.13 SW 2400 307 OCC
40LED Auditorium Auditorium 5 T 32 R F 2 (ELE) F42LL 60 0.30 SW 2800 840 None20LED Auditorium Auditorium 1 S 32 C F 1 (ELE) F41LL 32 0.03 SW 2800 90 None20LED Stairs Hallways 7 S 32 C F 1 (ELE) F41LL 32 0.22 Breaker 4420 990 None105LED 3rd Floor Hallway Hallways 7 W 32 F 1 F41LL 32 0.22 Breaker 4420 990 None105LED Boys Bathroom Restrooms 1 W 32 F 1 F41LL 32 0.03 SW 2250 72 OCC105LED Classroom 300 Classrooms 18 W 32 F 1 F41LL 32 0.58 SW 2400 1,382 OCC105LED Classroom 301 Classrooms 18 W 32 F 1 F41LL 32 0.58 SW 2400 1,382 OCC105LED Stairs Hallways 4 W 32 F 1 F41LL 32 0.13 SW 4420 566 None105LED Hallway Hallways 9 W 32 F 1 F41LL 32 0.29 Breaker 4420 1,273 None105LED Room 302 Classrooms 18 W 32 F 1 F41LL 32 0.58 SW 2400 1,382 OCC105LED Room 303 Classrooms 18 W 32 F 1 F41LL 32 0.58 SW 2400 1,382 OCC105LED Break Room Staff Lounge 4 W 32 F 1 F41LL 32 0.13 SW 2400 307 OCC105LED Room 304 Classrooms 18 W 32 F 1 F41LL 32 0.58 SW 2400 1,382 OCC105LED Room 305 Classrooms 18 W 32 F 1 F41LL 32 0.58 SW 2400 1,382 OCC105LED Stairs Hallways 5 W 32 F 1 F41LL 32 0.16 Breaker 4420 707 None105LED Room 306 Classrooms 18 W 32 F 1 F41LL 32 0.58 SW 2400 1,382 OCC105LED Room 307 Classrooms 18 W 32 F 1 F41LL 32 0.58 SW 2400 1,382 OCC105LED Girls Bathroom Restrooms 2 W 32 F 1 F41LL 32 0.06 SW 2250 144 OCC
36 Fire Exit Hallways 1 2T 3' 17 R F 1 (ELE) F21ILL 20 0.02 Breaker 4420 88 None36 Fire Exit Hallways 1 2T 3' 17 R F 1 (ELE) F21ILL 20 0.02 Breaker 4420 88 None
105LED Room 205 Classrooms 18 W 32 F 1 F41LL 32 0.58 SW 2400 1,382 OCC105LED Hallway Hallways 10 W 32 F 1 F41LL 32 0.32 Breaker 4420 1,414 None105LED Room 206 Classrooms 18 W 32 F 1 F41LL 32 0.58 SW 2400 1,382 OCC105LED Room 207 Classrooms 18 W 32 F 1 F41LL 32 0.58 SW 2400 1,382 OCC105LED Room 208 Classrooms 18 W 32 F 1 F41LL 32 0.58 SW 2400 1,382 OCC105LED Girls Bathroom Restrooms 2 W 32 F 1 F41LL 32 0.06 SW 2250 144 OCC105LED Room 204 Classrooms 18 W 32 F 1 F41LL 32 0.58 SW 2400 1,382 OCC105LED Hallway Hallways 9 W 32 F 1 F41LL 32 0.29 Breaker 4420 1,273 None105LED Vice Principal Private Office 4 W 32 F 1 F41LL 32 0.13 SW 2600 333 OCC105LED Room 203 Classrooms 18 W 32 F 1 F41LL 32 0.58 SW 2400 1,382 OCC105LED Room 202 Classrooms 18 W 32 F 1 F41LL 32 0.58 SW 2400 1,382 OCC
Retrofit Control
EXISTING CONDITIONS
5/28/2014 Page 1, Existing
Energy Audit of Newark Public Schools - Elliott Street AnnexCHA Project No. 27998 Cost of Electricity: $0.137 $/kWhExisting Lighting & Audit Input $4.27 $/kW
Area Description UsageNo. of
Fixtures Standard Fixture Code Fixture CodeWatts per
Fixture kW/Space Exist Control Annual Hours Annual kWhField Code
Unique description of the location - Room number/Room name: Floor number (if applicable)
Describe Usage Typeusing Operating Hours
No. of fixtures
before the retrofit
Lighting Fixture Code Code from Table of Standard Fixture Wattages
Value from Table of Standard Fixture Wattages
(Watts/Fixt) * (Fixt No.)
Pre-inst. control device
Estimated annual hours for the usage group
(kW/space) * (Annual Hours)
Retrofit control device
Notes
Retrofit Control
EXISTING CONDITIONS
105LED Room 201 Classrooms 18 W 32 F 1 F41LL 32 0.58 SW 2400 1,382 OCC105LED Room 200 Classrooms 18 W 32 F 1 F41LL 32 0.58 SW 2400 1,382 OCC105LED Boys Bathroom Restrooms 1 W 32 F 1 F41LL 32 0.03 SW 2250 72 OCC105LED Hallway Hallways 8 W 32 F 1 F41LL 32 0.26 Breaker 4420 1,132 None231LED Exterior Outdoor Lighting 4 WP400MH1 MH400/1 458 1.83 Breaker 4368 8,002 None
s Total 717 35.07 95,648
5/28/2014 Page 2, Existing
APPENDIX C
ECM Calculations
Newark Board of Education - NJBPUCHA Project #27998 Rate of Discount (used for NPV) 3.0%
Yearly UsageMetric Ton Carbon Dioxide Equivalent Building Area
Newark Board of Education - NJBPUCHA Project #27998Elliott Street Annex
Notes/Comments:349,609 Total Based on utility analysis95,648 Lighting From Lighting Calculations 27%26,153 Motors Estimated 7%12,509 A/C See Window AC Calculation 4%91,771 Plug Load Estimated 26%8,471 Kitchen Estimated 2%
90,100 Computers Estimated 26%24,957 Other Remaining 7%
Notes/Comments:43,593 Total Based on utility analysis 42,633 Boilers Therms/SF x Square Feet Served 98%
RTU, AHU Based on utility analysis 0%960 DHW Based on utility analysis 2%
Utility End Use AnalysisElectricity Use (kWh):
Natural Gas Use (Therms):
Lighting27%
Motors8%
A/C4%
Plug Load26%
Kitchen2%
Computers
26%
Other7%
Electricity Use (kWh):
Boilers98%
DHW2%
Natural Gas End Use
Newark Board of Education - NJBPUCHA Project #27998Elliott Street Annex
ECM-1: Install Door Seals
Existing: Lack of door seals result in excessive heat loss and infiltrationProposed: Install door seals and/or weather-stripping to reduce air infiltration
Heating System Efficiency 80% Ex Occupied Clng Temp. 80 *F Ex Occupied Htg Temp. 80 *FCooling System Efficiency 1.20 kW/ton Ex Unoccupied Clng Temp. 85 *F Ex Unoccupied Htg Temp. 65 *FLinear Feet of Door Edge 84 LF Cooling Occ Enthalpy Setpoint 31.4 Btu/lb Electricity 0.15$ $/kWh Existing Infiltration Factor* 1.5 cfm/LF Cooling Unocc Enthalpy Setpoint 34.8 Btu/lb Natural Gas 0.96$ $/thermProposed Infiltration Factor* 0.45 cfm/LF*Infiltration Factor per Carrier Handbook of Air Conditioning System Designbased on average door seal gap calculated below.
MAT. LABOR EQUIP. MAT. LABOR EQUIP.Hydronic Heating System (piping, radia 87,540 SF 15$ 15$ 1,348,554$ 1,636,123$ -$ 2,984,676$ 2012 RS Means Square Foot C
-$ -$ -$ -$ -$ -$ -$ -$
2,984,676$ Subtotal**Cost Estimates are for Energy Savings calculations only, do not use for procurement 746,169$ 25% Contingency
3,730,845$ Total
SUBTOTAL COSTSDescription QTY UNIT UNIT COSTS TOTAL COST REMARKS
Newark Board of Education - NJBPUCHA Project #27998Elliott Street Annex
No Significant Cooling in Bldg No Significant Cooling in Bldg
1,269 Therms3 1,356 Therms3
0 kWh 0 kWh
$0.15 $/kWh Blended $0.96 $/Therm 2,625 Therms
0 kWh2,511$
21,309$ 8.5 Yrs
Savings calculation formulas are taken from NJ Protocols document for Occupancy Controlled Thermostats
Annual Boiler Capacity
Natural Gas SavingsS A V I N G S
Cooling Electricity Savings
Weekly Occupied HoursHeating Season Setback TempHeating Season % Savings per
Connected Heating Load Equivalent Full Load Heating Heating Equipment Efficiency
Cooling Season Facility TempWeekly Occupied HoursCooling Season Setback TempCooling Season % Savings per Connected Cooling Load Equivalent Full Load Cooling Cooling Equipment EER
Cooling
Day Setback Nighttime SetbackE X I S T I N G C O N D I T I O N S
HeatingHeating Season Facility Temp
HeatingE X I S T I N G C O N D I T I O N S
Heating Season Facility TempWeekly Occupied HoursHeating Season Setback TempHeating Season % Savings per Annual Boiler CapacityConnected Heating Load CapacityEquivalent Full Load Heating HoursHeating Equipment Efficiency
CoolingCooling Season Facility TempWeekly Occupied HoursCooling Season Setback TempCooling Season % Savings per Connected Cooling Load CapacityEquivalent Full Load Cooling HoursCooling Equipment EER
Simple Payback
S A V I N G SNatural Gas SavingsCooling Electricity Savings
COMBINED SAVINGSNatural Gas SavingsCooling Electricity SavingsTotal Cost SavingsEstimated Total Project Cost
Newark Board of Education - NJBPUCHA Project #27998 MultipliersElliott Street Annex Material: 1.03
Item Value UnitsAvg. Monthly Utility Demand by Water Heater 80 Therms/monthTotal Annual Utility Demand by Water Heater 96,000 MBTU/yrExisting DHW Heater Efficiency 80%Total Annual Hot Water Demand (w/ standby losses) 76,800 MBTU/yr
Existing Tank Size 180 GallonsHot Water Piping System Capacity 5 GallonsHot Water Temperature 140 ˚FRoom Temperature 72 ˚FStandby Losses (% by Volume) 2.5%Standby Losses (Heat Loss) 2.6 MBHAnnual Standby Hot Water Load 22,959 MBTU/yr
New Tank Size 50 GallonsHot Water Piping System Capacity 5 GallonsHot Water Temperature 140 ˚FRoom Temperature 72 ˚FStandby Losses (% by Volume) 2.5%Standby Losses (Heat Loss) 0.8 MBHAnnual Standby Hot Water Load 6,826 MBTU/yr
Total Annual Hot Water Demand 60,667 MBTU/yr
Proposed Avg. Hot water heater efficiency 96%Proposed Fuel Use 632 Therns
Utility Cost $0.96 $/ThermExisting Operating Cost of DHW $918 $/yrProposed Operating Cost of DHW $604 $/yr
Savings Summary:Utility Energy Cost
Savings SavingsTherms/yr 328 $314
Calculated from utility bill1therm = 100 MBTUPer manufacturer nameplate
Formula/Comments
( 2.5% of stored capacity per hour, per U.S. Department of Energy )
Standby Losses and inefficient DHW heater eliminated
Replacement of a 65 gallon DHW with a nameplate efficiency of 80% and supplemental 115 gallon DHW tank with a high efficiency condensing DHW heater with near instantaneous recovery rate smaller capacity
Estimated Per existing system (includes HWR piping)
( 2.5% of stored capacity per hour, per U.S. Department of Energy )
Per manufacturer nameplate
Per building personnelEstimated Per existing system (includes HWR piping)
Newark Board of Education - NJBPUCHA Project #27998 MultipliersElliott Street Annex Material: 1.03
Setpoint.Total BTU/hr of DX cooling equipment to be replaced.
CommentsUnit will cycle on w/ temp of room. Possible operating time shown below
ANNUAL SAVINGS
COOLING CAPACITY
(btu/h)EQUIPMENT
Window A/C units are currently controlled manually by the occupants and are not turned off when the room is unoccupied. This ECM evaluates implementation of a digital timer device that will automatically turn the window A/C unit off at a preset time.
ASSUMPTIONS Comments
Newark Board of Education - NJBPUCHA Project #27998 MultipliersElliott Street Annex Material: 1.03
0 -$ -$ -$ Window AC Controller 12 EA 150$ -$ -$ 1848.6 -$ -$ 1,849$ Est wireless A/C controller
-$ -$ -$ -$
1,849$ Subtotal**Cost Estimates are for Energy Savings calculations only, do not use for procurement 462$ 25% Contingency
2,300$ Total
Description UNIT COSTS SUBTOTAL COSTS TOTAL COST REMARKS
Newark Board of Education - NJBPUCHA Project #27998Elliott Street Annex
New Jersey Pay For Performance Incentive Program
Note: The following calculation is based on the New Jersey Pay For Performance Incentive Program per April, 2012Building must have a minimum average electric demand of 100 kW. This minimum is waived for buildings owned by localgovernements or non-profit organizations.
- At least 15% source energy savings
- No more than 50% savings from lighting measures - Scope includes more than one measure
- Project has at least a 10% internal rate of return
- At least 50% of the source energy savings must come from investor-owned electricity and/or natural gas (note: exemption for fuel conversions)
Total Building Area (Square Feet) 65,551 $0.05 $/sqftIs this audit funded by NJ BPU (Y/N) YesBoard of Public Utilites (BPU)
* Maximum allowable incentive is 50% of annual utility cost if not funded by NJ BPU, and %25 if it is.** Maximum allowable amount of Incentive #2 is 25% of total project cost.Maximum allowable amount of Incentive #3 is 25% of total project cost.*** Maximum allowable amount of Incentive #1 is $50,000 if not funded by NJ BPU, and $25,000 if it is. Maximum allowable amount of Incentive #2 & #3 is $1 million per gas account and $1 million per electric account; maximum 2 million per project
5209.4%
$13,346
Min (Savings = 15%) Increase (Savings > 15%)
At a minimum, all recommended measures were used for this calculation. To qualify for P4P incentives, the following P4P requirements must be met:
Incentive #1Audit is funded by NJ BPU
5,552
Annual Utilities
Achieved Incentive
Incentives $
Project Payback (years)$0
$135,682
Max Incentive
Energy Audit of Newark Public Schools - Elliott Street AnnexCHA Project No. 27998 Cost of Electricity: $0.137 $/kWhECM-L1 Lighting Replacements $4.27 $/kW
Area Description No. of Fixtures Standard Fixture Code Fixture CodeWatts per
Fixture kW/Space Exist Control Annual Hours Annual kWh Number of Fixtures Standard Fixture Code Fixture CodeWatts per
Fixture kW/SpaceRetrofit Control Annual Hours Annual kWh
Energy Audit of Newark Public Schools - Elliott Street AnnexCHA Project No. 27998 Cost of Electricity: $0.137 $/kWhECM-L2 Install Occupancy Sensors $4.27 $/kW
Area Description No. of Fixtures Standard Fixture Code Fixture CodeWatts per
Fixture kW/Space Exist Control Annual Hours Annual kWh Number of Fixtures Standard Fixture Code Fixture CodeWatts per
Fixture kW/SpaceRetrofit Control Annual Hours Annual kWh
Energy Audit of Newark Public Schools - Elliott Street Annex CHA Project No. 27998 Cost of Electricity: $0.137 $/kWhECM-L3 Lighting Replacements with Occupancy Sensors $4.27 $/kW
Area Description No. of Fixtures Standard Fixture Code Fixture CodeWatts per
Fixture kW/Space Exist Control Annual Hours Annual kWh Number of Fixtures Standard Fixture Code Fixture CodeWatts per
Fixture kW/SpaceRetrofit Control Annual Hours Annual kWh