Ellen Baumler, Ph.D. Montana Historical Society MHS Photo Archives.

Ellen Baumler, Ph.D.Montana Historical Society

MHS Photo Archives

CONTIGUOUS STATES 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930

MONTANA 183 (1) 346 (1) 1490 (1) 1523 (1) 1834 (2) 1658 (1) 1256 (1)

IDAHO 60 53 201 293 651 920 668

WYOMING 183 (2) 298 (2) 922 (2) 940 (2) 2235 (1) 1375 (1) 1250 (2)

NORTH DAKOTA 24 113 373 286 617 467 377

SOUTH DAKOTA 70 288 541 465 817 832 646

African-American Population in Montana & Contiguous States

In 2000, Montana’s total population was 902,195; 2,834 were African American

Lewis and Clark on the Lower Columbia, C. M. Russell, Amon Carter Museum

“York,” C. M. Russell, MHS Museum

York’s Islands off Hwy 12 near Townsend, courtesy Troy Helmick

Jim Beckwourth, Nevada Historical Society

Seattle Times, April 16, 1970

Isaiah Dorman, Negro Digest, February 1965

Leeson, History of Montana

Samuel Lewis House, National Register files (SHPO)

Samuel Lewis House, Interior, National Register files (SHPO)

Forever Free by Edmonia Lewis, Howard University Gallery of Art

Sarah Gammon Bickford, African American Registry at www.aaregistry.org

Hangman’s Building, Virginia City, courtesy Ellen Baumler

Coggswell-Taylor Cabins, Virginia City, courtesy Kate McCourt

Montana Post, 1879

Madisonian, March 22, 1906

Mary Fields, High Plains Women’s Museum

St. Peter’s Mission, MHS Photo Archives

Mary Fields, MHS Library vertical files

A Quiet Day in Cascade, C. M. Russell, MHS Library vertical files

Mary Fields, MHS Library vertical files

Mary Fields’ tombstone, MHS Library vertical files

Molly (Millie) Ringold, MHS Photo Archives

Buffalo Soldiers at Fort Shaw 1890, MHS Photo Archives

Saddle Patent, 1896, MHS African American website

From Under Fire with the Tenth U. S. Cavalry

Horace Bivins and Booth equipped for service, photo from Under Fire

Horace Bivins and Booth, photo from Under Fire

Illustration from Under Fire

Powder Magazine at Fort Missoula, Montana National Guard

25th Infantry Bicycle Corps, Mansfield Library

Hamilton, Ravalli County census, 1900

Mary Gordon, MHS Library vertical file

Rose Gordon, MHS Library vertical file

Rose’s Café business cards, MHS Library vertical file

Rose Café business card, reverse side

Taylor Gordon, Born to Be

MHS Library vertical file

Taylor Gordon, Born To Be

Garfield School, Butte, MHS Photo Archives

Polk City Directory, Butte, 1906

Butte Miner, May 2, 1906

Former St. James AME Church, Helena, courtesy Ellen Baumler

J. P. Ball, MHS Photo Archives

J.P. Ball photographer, MHS Photo Archives

J.P. Ball photographer, MHS Photo Archives

William Biggerstaff. J.P. Ball photographer, date unknown. MHS Photo Archives

J.P. Ball photographer, April 1896. MHS Photo Archives

J.P. Ball photographer, April 1896. MHS Photo Archives

Dorsey Family, MHS Photo Archives

Dorsey Grocery/Wise Penny, courtesy Ellen Baumler

Julian Anderson, MHS Library vertical file

Montana Club 1903, MHS Photo Archives

Anaconda Standard, May 27, 1903

MHS Library vertical file

Montana Federation of Colored Women’s Clubs, Butte, 1924. MHS Photo Archives

Octavia Bridgewater, MHS Library vertical file

James Wesley Crump, Norman Howard Collection

Clarissa Jane Crump, Norman Howard Collection

Social gathering in the Crumps’ yard, 9th Avenue, Helena Illustrated, Norman Howard collection

Norman Howard, Helena Independent Record, December 9, 1979

Union Bethel AM E Church, Great Falls, National Register files (SHPO)

Alma Jacobs (right) and family in Lewistown, c. 1920, MHS Photo Archives

Alma Jacobs, State Librarian, Great Falls, MHS Photo Archives

Memorial Plaza, Great Falls, courtesy Ken Robison

Geraldine Travis, Montana Legislature Historical Highlights at http://leg.mt.gov/css/About-the-Legislature/history.asp

Two-Year-Old Nathan Jones, Great Falls Tribune, February 4, 2007

Unidentified African-American woman, Philipsburg, 1888-1889, MHS Photo Archives