ELISA evolved in the late 1960s from RIA (radioimmunoassay) with the observation that either the antibody or the analyte (antigen) could be adsorbed to a solid surface and still participate in specific high affinity binding. The adsorption process facilitated the separation of bound and free analyte, a situation that proved difficult to engineer for many analytes with RIA. Over the intervening years, the term ELISA has been applied to a wide variety of immunoassays, some of which do not employ enzymes and some of which do not require the separation of bound and free analyte. The distinguishing feature of all of these assays remains the use of antibodies to detect an analyte. The term ELISA was first used by Engvall & Perlma in 1971
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ELISA evolved in the late 1960s from RIA (radioimmunoassay) with the observation that either the antibody or the analyte (antigen) could be adsorbed to a solid surface and still participate in specific high affinity binding. The adsorption process facilitated the separation of bound and free analyte, a situation that proved difficult to engineer for many analytes with RIA. Over the intervening years, the term ELISA has been applied to a wide variety of immunoassays, some of which do not employ enzymes and some of which do not require the separation of bound and free analyte. The distinguishing feature of all of these assays remains the use of antibodies to detect an analyte.
The term ELISA was first used by Engvall & Perlma in 1971
direct elisa
Protocol step by step
APPLICATIONDr Dennis E Bidwell and Alister Voller created the ELISA test to detect various kind of diseases, such
as malaria, Chagas disease, and Johne's disease.[11] ELISA tests also are used as in in vitro diagnostics in medical laboratories. The other uses of ELISA include:
detection of Mycobacterium antibodies in tuberculosis
detection of rotavirus in feces
detection of hepatitis B markers in serum
detection of enterotoxin of E. coli in feces
detection of HIV antibodies in blood samples
Because the ELISA can be performed to evaluate either the presence of antigen or the presence of antibody in
a sample, it is a useful tool for determining serum antibody concentrations (such as with the HIV test[9] or West