Lisa Flatt, RN, MSN, CHPN
Feb 25, 2016
Lisa Flatt, RN, MSN, CHPN
Lower GI tract The Large intestine consists of:
____________ ____________ ____________
Sigmoid Colon Rectum & Anus
Where does the majority of bowel absorption take place?_____________________
Can you voluntarily contract and relax the anal sphincters?_____________________
Is the GI tract sterile?_____________ Where is the peritoneum?_________ Is the peritoneal area sterile?_______
Surgery that involves the bowel is considered “unclean” because the bowel contents and flora contain a large amount of bacteria, that if spread to the peritoneum cause peritonitis.
How would a patient develop peritonitis if they have abdominal surgery – that does not involve the bowel? (like a C-section)
Feces/fecal matter/bowel movement /stool– what are some other terms patients may use?
“Normal stool” is soft, firm, brown and formed Abnormal consistency: diarrhea, constipated
(hard, rock-like), flakey, fulminant, frothy, liquid
“Abnormal” colors: white, yellow, green, red, black, clay-colored, chalk-colored
Kidneys Ureters Bladder Urethra
Nephron – the functional unit of the kidney Glomeruli- filters wastes; absorption,
resorption and reabsorption of fluids & electrolytes = initial production of urine
Loop of Henle – tubular system in the glomeruli (descending & ascending) that transport the urine, it starts as H2O and becomes more acidic as it moves down the loop
What is the difference between the male and female urethra?________________________
What does UTI stand for?________________ Is a UTI in a male or female considered an
emergency and very serious? _________ Why?_____________________________
Is the Urinary Tract sterile?____________ Is urinary function usually decreased as a
result of the loss of one kidney?_________
Define Pyelonephritis __________________ Can upper urinary tract infections be
considered life-threatening?_____________ Are lower UTI’s more common in men or
women?_____________________ How are they treated?______________ What are some drug classifications used
to treat UTI’s?___________
Urine/Making water/ pee pee/ wee wee – can you think of any other names?
“Normal” appearance – clear and light yellow in color
“Abnormal” findings - blood, sediment, mucus or calculi (stones), brown color, foul smelling, sluggish (thick)
What can dark colored urine indicate?_____________
What if urine is bloody/red colored?_______
Who is at the highest risk for urinary retention? ____Why?__________________
Sex Age & Developmental Level Individual Preferences and patterns
(dietary habits) Physical condition Cultural, spiritual and/or religious factors Socioeconomic factors Environmental factors Psychological factors
Turn to page 33 in your workbook
Turn to page 34
Turn to page 34 and 35
How do the various stages of life affect elimination?_________________________
What affect can activity have on intestinal elimination?_________________________
What affect does physical condition have on intestinal elimination?__________________
What affect does diet have on intestinal elimination?__________________________
PROBLEM WHAT TO DO
Constipation Diarrhea Fecal impaction Flatulence Incontinence Helminths
PROBLEM WHAT TO DO
Frequency Nocturia Urgency Dysuria Enuresis Incontinence Retention Polyuria
DISEASE/CONDITION CAUSE AND TREATMENT
UTI – BPH – Incontinence –
Functional Overflow Reflex Total
Retention – Urinary suppression -