ElEmEnts of Civil EnginEEring - Kopykitab

ElEmEnts of Civil EnginEEring

Elements of Civil Engineering

Mimi Das SaikiaAssistant Professor

Royal School of Engineering and Technology GuwahatiAssam

Bhargab Mohan DasSenior Manager and Chairperson

Green Building DepartmentRITTA Co. Ltd., Bangkok, Thailand

Madan Mohan DasFormerly

Professor, Assam Engineering CollegeEmeritus Fellow of AICTE

Director of Technical EducationGovernment of Assam

Guwahati, Assam

New Delhi-1100012010

Elements of Civil EngineeringMimi Das Saikia, Bhargab Mohan Das and Madan Mohan Das

© 2010 by PHI Learning Private Limited, New Delhi. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by mimeograph or any other means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

ISBN-978-81-203-4097-8

The export rights of this book are vested solely with the publisher.

Published by Asoke K. Ghosh, PHI Learning Private Limited, M-97, Connaught Circus, New Delhi-110001 and Printed by Baba Barkha Nath Printers, Bahadurgarh, Haryana-124507.

ToThe departed soul of late Emeritus Professor D.I.H. BARR

vii

Contents

Preface ....................................................................................................................................... xvii

1. An Introduction to Civil Engineering ........................................................ 1–6 1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 1 1.2 History of the Civil Engineering ............................................................................ 1 1.3 Sub-disciplines of Civil Engineering ...................................................................... 2 1.4 Conclusion .............................................................................................................. 5 Review Questions ................................................................................................................ 6

Part I BuIldIng MAtErIAls 2. Building Materials: An Overview ............................................................. 9–11 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 9 2.2 Historical Development .......................................................................................... 9 2.3 Classification ........................................................................................................ 10 2.4 Properties of Building Materials .......................................................................... 10 2.5 Most Common Building Materials ....................................................................... 10 2.6 Uses of Building Materials ................................................................................... 10 2.7 Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 11 Review Questions .............................................................................................................. 11

3. Ferrous and non-ferrous Metals ........................................................... 12–17 3.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 12 3.2 Ferrous Metals ...................................................................................................... 12 3.3 Different Ferrous Metals or Iron .......................................................................... 12 3.3.1 Pig Iron ................................................................................................... 13 3.3.2 Cast Iron .................................................................................................. 13 3.3.3 Wrought Iron ........................................................................................... 14 3.3.4 Steel ........................................................................................................ 15

viii Contents

3.4 Non-ferrous Metals ............................................................................................... 15 3.4.1 Aluminium .............................................................................................. 15 3.4.2 Lead ........................................................................................................ 16 3.4.3 Copper ..................................................................................................... 16 3.5 Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 17 Review Questions .............................................................................................................. 17

4. Alloys .......................................................................................................18–22 4.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 18 4.2 Important Alloys ................................................................................................... 18 4.3 Steel Alloys .......................................................................................................... 18 4.4 Aluminium Alloys ................................................................................................ 19 4.5 Copper Alloys ....................................................................................................... 20 4.6 Nickel Alloys ........................................................................................................ 20 4.7 Magnesium Alloys ............................................................................................... 21 4.8 Bronze Alloys ....................................................................................................... 21 4.9 Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 22 Review Questions .............................................................................................................. 22

5. Bricks .......................................................................................................23–28 5.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 23 5.2 History of Development ....................................................................................... 23 5.3 ClassificationofBricks ........................................................................................ 23 5.3.1 Qualities of First Class Bricks ................................................................ 24 5.3.2 Qualities of Second Class Bricks ............................................................ 24 5.3.3 Qualities of Third Class Bricks ............................................................... 24 5.4 Optimal Dimension of Bricks ............................................................................... 24 5.5 Ingredients Brick Earth......................................................................................... 25 5.6 Process of Manufacturing Bricks ......................................................................... 25 5.7 Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 27 Review Questions .............................................................................................................. 28

6. Cement ....................................................................................................29–32 6.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 29 6.2 Historical Background .......................................................................................... 29 6.3 Portland Cement ................................................................................................... 30 6.4 Chemical Composition of Cement ....................................................................... 30 6.5 Properties of Cement ............................................................................................ 30 6.6 Precautions in Storage of Cement ........................................................................ 31 6.7 Uses of Cement .................................................................................................... 32 6.8 Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 32 Review Questions .............................................................................................................. 32

Contents ix

7. stones ......................................................................................................33–39 7.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 33 7.2 ClassificationofRocks ......................................................................................... 33 7.2.1 GeologicalClassification ........................................................................ 33 7.2.2 PhysicalClassification ............................................................................ 34 7.2.3 ChemicalClassification .......................................................................... 34 7.3 Building Stones and Uses ..................................................................................... 35 7.4 Stone Quarrying ................................................................................................... 35 7.4.1 Quarrying by Hand Tools ....................................................................... 35 7.4.2 Quarrying with Channelling Machine .................................................... 36 7.4.3 Quarrying by Blasting ............................................................................. 36 7.5 Selection of Stones ............................................................................................... 36 7.6 Qualities of Good Building Stones ....................................................................... 37 7.7 Deterioration of Stones ......................................................................................... 38 7.8 ArtificialStones .................................................................................................... 38 7.9 Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 39 Review Questions .............................................................................................................. 39

8. timber ......................................................................................................40–44 8.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 40 8.2 Qualities of Good Timber ..................................................................................... 40 8.3 Preservation of Timber ......................................................................................... 41 8.4 Characteristics of Hard Wood and Soft Wood ..................................................... 41 8.5 Seasoning of Timber............................................................................................. 41 8.6 Storage of Timber ................................................................................................. 42 8.7 Commercial Timbers ............................................................................................ 43 8.8 Uses of Timber ..................................................................................................... 44 8.9 Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 44 Review Questions .............................................................................................................. 44

9. sand and lime ........................................................................................45–50 9.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 45 9.2 ClassificationandSourcesofSand ....................................................................... 45 9.3 Bulking of Sand .................................................................................................... 46 9.4 Properties of Good Sand ....................................................................................... 46 9.5 Lime...................................................................................................................... 47 9.6 Sources of Lime .................................................................................................... 47 9.7 ClassificationofLimes ......................................................................................... 48 9.8 Characteristics of Good Lime ............................................................................... 49 9.9 Uses of Lime in General ....................................................................................... 49 9.10 Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 49 Review Questions .............................................................................................................. 50

Elements Of Civil Engineering

Publisher : PHI Learning ISBN : 9788120340978

Author : SAIKIA, MIMI DAS, DAS, BHARGABMOHAN , DAS, MADANMOHAN

Type the URL : http://www.kopykitab.com/product/7486

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