Elements of a sustainable intensification of crop production with Conservation Agriculture Elements of a sustainable intensification of crop production with Conservation Agriculture Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
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Elements of a sustainable intensification of crop production
with Conservation Agriculture
Elements of a sustainable intensification of crop production
with Conservation Agriculture
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
The combination of• Continuous zero tillage• Permanent soil cover and• Crop rotationshas become known asConservation Agriculture
The combination of• Continuous zero tillage• Permanent soil cover and• Crop rotationshas become known asConservation Agriculture
development of systemsdevelopment of systems
development of systemsdevelopment of systems
CubaCuba
development of systemsdevelopment of systems
backgroundbackground
• Food production has to double by 2030• Increasing demand for bioenergy and renewable
resources• Growth in crop production below population
growth; new bioenergy needs/opportunties• New land limited (including irrigated land)• >50% of available water resources already used
for irrigation• Major changes needed to attain the MDGs
(higher productivity, less resource degradation)• Climate change: additional threat
• Food production has to double by 2030• Increasing demand for bioenergy and renewable
resources• Growth in crop production below population
growth; new bioenergy needs/opportunties• New land limited (including irrigated land)• >50% of available water resources already used
for irrigation• Major changes needed to attain the MDGs
(higher productivity, less resource degradation)• Climate change: additional threat
Soil health:• Soil impacts on production, and on other
resources like water• Cultivated soils have lost considerable
carbon• SOM-levels below 2% are
common• Effects are worse in
the tropics• Tillage is a major soil
degrading factor
Soil health:• Soil impacts on production, and on other
resources like water• Cultivated soils have lost considerable
carbon• SOM-levels below 2% are
common• Effects are worse in
the tropics• Tillage is a major soil
degrading factor
focusfocus
Degradation of land resources:• In Asia 90% of potential land is already
used• 1.3 Million ha of agricultural land are lost
every year (urbanization)• Available land per person is declining
Degradation of land resources:• In Asia 90% of potential land is already
used• 1.3 Million ha of agricultural land are lost
every year (urbanization)• Available land per person is declining
backgroundbackground
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
Industrial countries
World
Developing countries
Agricultural land per capita (ha) (FAO statistics, 2001)
Soil organic matter/soil structure:• storage for soil water (1 % SOM = 150 m3/ha)• SOM as soil structural element (sand, silt)• SOM effect on nutrient mobility/availability• spatial structure more
Soil organic matter/soil structure:• storage for soil water (1 % SOM = 150 m3/ha)• SOM as soil structural element (sand, silt)• SOM effect on nutrient mobility/availability• spatial structure more