Elements and the Periodic Table Chapter 5. 5.1 - Journal 1. T ake out your homework 2. C olor in the Periodic Table given to you and color it in according.

Elements and the Elements and the Periodic TablePeriodic Table

Chapter 5Chapter 5

5.1 - Journal5.1 - Journal1.1. Take out your homeworkTake out your homework2.2. Color in the Periodic Table given to you and Color in the Periodic Table given to you and

color it in according to the following LIST. color it in according to the following LIST. Use your book, too!Use your book, too!

Use a different color for each of the items below.Use a different color for each of the items below. Alkali MetalsAlkali Metals Alkaline Earth MetalsAlkaline Earth Metals Transition MetalsTransition Metals MetalloidsMetalloids NonmetalsNonmetals HalogensHalogens Noble GasesNoble Gases Other metalsOther metals

5.1 – Journal5.1 – Journal1.1. Check your Periodic TableCheck your Periodic Table

5.1 - Organizing the 5.1 - Organizing the ElementsElements

MENDELEEV’S ORDERMENDELEEV’S ORDERDmitri MendeleevDmitri Mendeleev

Trying to organize the 63 known Trying to organize the 63 known elements so they were easier to elements so they were easier to understandunderstand

5.1 - Organizing the 5.1 - Organizing the ElementsElements

MENDELEEV’S ORDERMENDELEEV’S ORDER: : Didn’t yet Didn’t yet know about protons, neutrons and know about protons, neutrons and electrons, ONLY MASS..electrons, ONLY MASS.. What What could he do?could he do?

5.1 - Organizing the 5.1 - Organizing the ElementsElements

MENDELEEV’S ORDER:MENDELEEV’S ORDER: Increasing Increasing Atomic MassAtomic Mass

Elements with similar properties Elements with similar properties were put in the same columnwere put in the same column

5.1 - Organizing the 5.1 - Organizing the ElementsElements

Named “Periodic Table” because Named “Periodic Table” because properties repeated ‘periodically’ properties repeated ‘periodically’ from row to row.from row to row.Like keys on a keyboard (octaves)Like keys on a keyboard (octaves)

5.2 – The Modern Periodic Table5.2 – The Modern Periodic Table

The Periodic LawThe Periodic LawOnce protons were discovered, what Once protons were discovered, what

were elements organized by?were elements organized by?

Increasing Atomic Number.Increasing Atomic Number.

Properties ARE STILL grouped by Properties ARE STILL grouped by column.column.

So, Properties STILL repeat periodically So, Properties STILL repeat periodically (within a row).(within a row).

5.2 – The Modern Periodic 5.2 – The Modern Periodic TableTable

Like Cards in a deck:Like Cards in a deck:

In the Modern table a PERIOD = a ROW.In the Modern table a PERIOD = a ROW. How many PERIODS are there?How many PERIODS are there?

77

PERIODS = ROWSPERIODS = ROWS How many ELEMENTS are in PERIODS 1, 2, and 3?How many ELEMENTS are in PERIODS 1, 2, and 3?

What does this remind you of?What does this remind you of? Numbers of electrons in each ENERGY Numbers of electrons in each ENERGY

LEVELLEVEL

a COLUMN = a GROUPa COLUMN = a GROUPELEMENTS within a GROUP ELEMENTS within a GROUP

have similar PROPERTIES.have similar PROPERTIES.

COLUMNS = GROUPSCOLUMNS = GROUPSTherefore, properties repeat Therefore, properties repeat

PREDICTABLY and PERIODICALLY.PREDICTABLY and PERIODICALLY.THIS IS CALLED THIS IS CALLED PERIODIC LAWPERIODIC LAW..

5.2 – The Modern Periodic 5.2 – The Modern Periodic TableTable

ExampleExample

Group (Family 1) – Alkali MetalsGroup (Family 1) – Alkali Metals

What is similar?What is similar?

5.2 – The Modern Periodic 5.2 – The Modern Periodic TableTable

There are 4 important pieces of There are 4 important pieces of information for each elementinformation for each element

Atomic numberAtomic number

Element symbolElement symbol

Element nameElement name

Atomic massAtomic mass

5.2 – The Modern Periodic Table - 5.2 – The Modern Periodic Table - JournalJournal

1.What happens to properties when you move from left to right across the table?

2.What type of elements are in yellow? In green? In blue?

3.What is the definition of a “metalloid”?

4.What type of elements are in the “B” columns?

5.List the names of all of the “A” groups (families).

6.What is an important fact about the Actinide series?

5.2 – The Modern Periodic 5.2 – The Modern Periodic TableTable

HOW CAN WE CLASSIFY ELEMENTS?HOW CAN WE CLASSIFY ELEMENTS?

1.1. State: solid, liquid, gasState: solid, liquid, gas

2.2. Natural & manmade: (91 of the first Natural & manmade: (91 of the first 92 are natural)92 are natural)

3.3. METALS, NONMETALS & METALS, NONMETALS & METALLOIDSMETALLOIDS

5.2 – The Modern Periodic 5.2 – The Modern Periodic TableTable

Classified by Properties

What happens to properties when you move from left to right across the table?

5.3 – Representative Groups5.3 – Representative Groups

Elements in a group have Elements in a group have SIMILARSIMILAR (not (not identical) identical) PROPERTIESPROPERTIES because they because they have the same number of valence have the same number of valence electronselectrons

5.3 – Representative Groups5.3 – Representative Groups

ALKALI METALS (group 1):ALKALI METALS (group 1): Single valence electronSingle valence electron EXTREMELY REACTIVEEXTREMELY REACTIVE Reactivity increases from Reactivity increases from

top to bottomtop to bottom

It is not a metal, but Hydrogen is It is not a metal, but Hydrogen is

grouped here. Why?grouped here. Why?

5.3 – Representative Groups5.3 – Representative Groups

ALKALINE EARTH METALS (group 2):ALKALINE EARTH METALS (group 2): TWO valence electronsTWO valence electrons Less reactive than group 1Less reactive than group 1

5.3 – Representative Groups5.3 – Representative Groups

BORON FAMILY (group 3A):BORON FAMILY (group 3A): THREE valence electronsTHREE valence electrons FYI- Aluminum is the most FYI- Aluminum is the most

abundant metal in Earth’s crustabundant metal in Earth’s crust

5.3 – Representative Groups5.3 – Representative Groups

CARBON FAMILY (group 4A):CARBON FAMILY (group 4A): FOUR valence electronsFOUR valence electrons FYI- Except for water, most FYI- Except for water, most

compounds in your body compounds in your body contain Carbon.contain Carbon.

5.3 – Representative Groups5.3 – Representative Groups

NITROGEN FAMILY (group 5A):NITROGEN FAMILY (group 5A): FIVE valence electronsFIVE valence electrons FYI- Nitrogen and FYI- Nitrogen and

Phosphorous are used to Phosphorous are used to make fertilizers.make fertilizers.

5.3 – Representative Groups5.3 – Representative Groups

OXYGEN FAMILY (group 6A):OXYGEN FAMILY (group 6A): SIX valence electronsSIX valence electrons FYI- Oxygen is the most FYI- Oxygen is the most

abundant nonmetal in abundant nonmetal in Earth’s crust, and Earth’s crust, and OzoneOzone is is another form of oxygen.another form of oxygen.

5.3 – Representative Groups5.3 – Representative Groups

THE HALOGENS (group 7A):THE HALOGENS (group 7A): SEVEN valence electronsSEVEN valence electrons EXTREMELY REACTIVEEXTREMELY REACTIVE Reactivity increases from Reactivity increases from

bottom to topbottom to top FYI- Halogen means “salt FYI- Halogen means “salt

former”.former”.

5.3 – Representative Groups5.3 – Representative Groups

THE NOBLE GASES (group 8A):THE NOBLE GASES (group 8A): EIGHT valence electronsEIGHT valence electrons INERT (don’t react easily)INERT (don’t react easily) FYI- make “neon” lights when FYI- make “neon” lights when

a current is passed thru a current is passed thru them.them.