TRIBOLOGI TKM4094 PRINSIP DASAR TRIBOLOGI
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TRIBOLOGITKM4094PRINSIP DASAR TRIBOLOGI
Dosen PengampuKhairul Anam, ST., MSc.
Laboratorium Sentral Mesin, Gedung Mesin I, Lantai I
Jl. MT Haryono No. 167, Malang 65145
No. HP : +6281336327969
Email : [email protected]
anamesin.lecture.ub.ac.id
TujuanMemberikan pemahaman tentang gesekan, ausdan pelumasan serta pengaruhnya dalamkomponen mesin.
Pokok BahasanPrinsip dasar tribologi
Gesekan
Aus
Pelumasan
Tribologi pada kontak dengan kinematika rendah
Tribologi pada kontak dengan kinematika tinggi
Efisiensi pelumasan
ReferensiIntroduction to Tribology_Bharat Bhushan
Tribology in Machine Design_TA Stolarski
PenilaianKehadiran 10%
Quiz 25%
Tugas 25%
UAS 40%
HP WAJIB DI SILENT ATAU DI NON-AKTIFKAN!
Tribologi
• When
• Where
• Result
• Analysis
• Object
• Who
• Object
• Who
What Why
How
How many/
How much
Prinsip dasar tribologiTribologi dikenalkan pertama kali oleh Jost (1966)
Tribologi berasal dari bahasa yunani “TRIBOS” yang berarti“BERGESEKAN”
Tribologi adalah cabang ilmu desain mesin (friction, weardan lubrication)
Prinsip dasar tribologi
Prinsip dasar tribologiElemen mesin yang harus mempertimbangkan tribologi◦ Bantalan luncur
Prinsip dasar tribologi◦ Bantalan gelinding Piston
Prinsip dasar tribologi◦ Cam Friction Drive
Prinsip dasar tribologi◦ Roda Gigi
Prinsip dasar tribologi◦ Rem
◦ Kopling
◦ Mur-Baut
◦ Seal
◦ Semir
◦ Menulis
◦ Berjalan
Prinsip dasar tribologiKoefisien Gesek dan Keausan◦ Struktur (properti material)
◦ Kondisi saat mesin bekerja (beban, temperature, waktu, danlain-lain)
◦ Interaksi antar komponen
Prinsip dasar tribologiGaya Gesek (tanpa pelumasan)◦ Gaya gesek selalu berlawanan arah dengan perpindahan
◦ F = fW
Dimana: F = Gaya Gesek
f = Koefisien Gesek
W = Gaya Normal
◦ Gaya gesek tidak tergantung pada luas kontak
The Nature of Surface
Chemical ReactionThe nature of Surface
Surface TextureMacro Micro
Kekasaran Permukaan
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
International Standardization Organization (ISO)
The Future of Tribology
PRACTICAL OBJECTIVES OF TRIBOLOGY
FRICTION
TRIBOLOGY TRIANGLE
FRICTIONWhat is friction?
24
It’s a FORCE.
Occurs whenever two objects are IN CONTACT with each other.
It’s the resistance to movement. It SLOWS objects down.
higher friction
lower friction
25
FRICTIONLet’s use THE SAME FORCE to move the box on:
wooden floor
ice
Which one will slide further?In which case friction is higher? WHY?
LUBRICATIONWhy do we need it?
↓ friction
↓ wear
remove heat and contamination
lower the friction
prevent wear
WEAR
What is wear?
It’s the removal of material from a solid surface by the action of another surface.
27
WEAR MECHANISMSAdhesive
◦ Low contact pressures
◦ Augmented asperities
Abrasive ◦ High contact pressures
◦ Wear tracks
TYPES OF MOTIONThere are two types of motion between two moving parts.
● Sliding motion
e.g :- Piston in IC engine
●Rolling motion
e.g :- Bearings, wheels of automobiles
TRIBOLOGY IN PISTON RINGS AND CYLINDER LINER
Cylinder liner is fixed one
and piston will slide up
and down inside on it.
Friction exists between
these parts , it results in
wear.
It can be reduced by applying
lubricant.
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN TRIBOLOGYSoybean oil as future lubricant for IC engines.
Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)
Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD)
SOYBEAN OIL AS FUTURE LUBRICANT FOR IC ENGINESSoybean oil is a vegetable oil
extracted from soybean seeds.
It is easily available at low
price.
PROPERTIES OF SOYBEAN OIL :-
> It has a high viscosity index up to 223.
> Has comparatively high flash point 610°F.
> Has good fire point about 650°F.
> It has high pour point, it can be reduced by winterizing the soybean oil.
ADVANTAGES OF SOYBEAN OILSoybean oil is biodegradable, in general it is less toxic.
It is a renewable oil, so it reduces dependency of foreign petroleum products.
Ease of processing.
CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITIONCVD is used to grow a thin layer of advanced materials on
the surface of a substrate.
Application:-
Integrated circuits, electronic devices and sensors.
Catalysts
Micromachines, fine powder and ceramic powder protective coatings.
CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION
Thin film is formed from gas phase components.
CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITIONTwo types of CVD:-
LPCVD (Low Pressure CVD ) :- Good uniformity, Used for poly-Si, oxide, nitride.
PECVD (Plasma Enhanced CVD ) :- Low temperature process and high deposition rate. Used for oxide, nitride, etc.
CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION
Si Wafers
Quartz tube
Resistance-heated furnacePressure sensor
Gas control
Source gases
Pump
Trap exhaust To
system
LPCVD Systems
PHYSICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITIONPVD is a fundamentally a vaporization coating technique, involving transfer of material on an atomic level.
It is an alternative process to electroplating.
The process is similar to chemical vapor deposition (CVD) except for the raw materials.
i.e. the material that is to be deposited starts in solid form, whereas in CVD the precursors are introduced to the reaction chamber in gaseous state.
APPLICATIONS OF PVDPVD coatings are used to improve Hardness, Wear Resistance, Oxidation Resistance.
Thus, such coatings used in variety of applications such as :-
Aerospace
Automotive
Surgical/medical
Dies and moulds for all manner of material processing
Cutting tools
Fire arms
ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF TRIBOLOGYThe LUBRICANT REPORT estimated an amount exceeding 500 million pounds can be saved in the civilian sector of UK by research in tribology.
The estimated 11 % total savings in annual US energy consumption is equivalent to some 16 billion US dollarsby an expenditure in research and development o f an estimated twenty-four million dollars.
Analysis of the failure of boiler tubes indicate that about one-third of all occurrences were due to erosion.
In UK, the application of tribological principles can effect national energy savings. These are estimated at 468 to 700 million pounds per annum.
IMPACT OF TRIBOLOGY
Since the publication of the Lubrication Report there has been an increasing awareness throughout industry of the subject of tribology.
In the UK the National Centre for Tribology and Industrial Units of Tribology have been set up to provide advice t o industry on the utilisation of existing knowledge.
Tribology is now recognized universally and President Carter of U.S.A. declared it to be a generic technology underlying many industrial sections and the prospectus for an Industrial Tribology Institute at Rensselaer Technology Center has been presented.
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