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E-lecturer Feedback E-lecturer Feedback of the of the Inclusion of Inclusion of Blended Learning Blended Learning in in Undergraduate Undergraduate Occupational Occupational Therapy Therapy By Paula Barnard-Ashton By Paula Barnard-Ashton
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Electurer Feedback of the Inclusion of Blended Learning ...presentations.wits.ac.za/usrfiles/webpresent/gen13... · e-Learner positive attitude students were enthusiastic about e-OT.

Aug 22, 2020

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Page 1: Electurer Feedback of the Inclusion of Blended Learning ...presentations.wits.ac.za/usrfiles/webpresent/gen13... · e-Learner positive attitude students were enthusiastic about e-OT.

E­lecturer Feedback E­lecturer Feedback of the of the Inclusion of Inclusion of Blended Learning Blended Learning in in 

Undergraduate Undergraduate Occupational Occupational TherapyTherapy

By Paula Barnard­AshtonBy Paula Barnard­Ashton

Page 2: Electurer Feedback of the Inclusion of Blended Learning ...presentations.wits.ac.za/usrfiles/webpresent/gen13... · e-Learner positive attitude students were enthusiastic about e-OT.

IntroductionIntroduction

• Blended learning = combined and integrated use of e­Learning and face­to­face (F2F) learning activities to develop a community of learning [1­3]

• The OT curriculum delivery has been a purely F2F, problem­based learning (PBL) design, 

• In 2009 blended learning was adopted :– enhance the learning opportunities, 

– optimise communication within the occupational therapy courses and 

– alleviate some of the lecturer time resources

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DevelopmentDevelopment

• Initially courses were designed in Blackboard (WebCT)

• For the 2010 academic year courses were migrated onto a Moodle platform.

• All lecturing staff developed and contributed to all the e­learning / online course environments.

• All OT students have access to the course for their academic year of study.

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Aims of the studyAims of the study

• Document e­Lecturer behaviour in order to determine the level of uptake of blended learning by e­Lecturers.

• Determine e­Lecturer belief in the value of blended learning.

• Determine e­Lecturer attitude towards blended learning.

• Determine e­Lecturer Virtual Learning Environment tool preferences.Objective: The results of the study would guide the initiatives and development of enhancements to the 

blended learning delivery.

Page 5: Electurer Feedback of the Inclusion of Blended Learning ...presentations.wits.ac.za/usrfiles/webpresent/gen13... · e-Learner positive attitude students were enthusiastic about e-OT.

Method: Participatory Action Method: Participatory Action Research (PAR)Research (PAR)

• 12 of the 13 full time lecturing staff participated.

• Conducted from January to May 2010.

• PAR involves a cyclical process.

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PAR cyclePAR cycle

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The ProblemThe Problem

• Anxiety about migrating from WebCT to Moodle.• Consensus that the VLEs were primarily used in 

2009 for posting lecture notes or communicating notices to the e­Learners.

• E­Lecturer frustrations: – use of time (esp.  F2F time­spend on individual 

student tutoring)– academic output –  manage their undergraduate teaching 

responsibilities

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Participation StrategyParticipation Strategy• The VLE platform (Moodle) would remain consistent during the 

2010.

• The VLEs would be branded with the label “e­OT”, 

• the characteristic colour of the curriculum year use to present an environmental “feel”.

• E­Lecturers attended a morning live Moodle training session.

• E­Lecturers would encourage e­Learners to use the discussion boards to post queries (instead of F2F meetings).

• E­Lecturers were encouraged to use the quiz tool to generate self­tests or formative assessments.

• E­Learners would attend a scheduled computer based training session which introduced them to the tools and functions of the VLE.

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ActionAction

Page 10: Electurer Feedback of the Inclusion of Blended Learning ...presentations.wits.ac.za/usrfiles/webpresent/gen13... · e-Learner positive attitude students were enthusiastic about e-OT.

InvestigationInvestigation

• Reflection and comment on blended learning at the monthly staff meetings.

• Online survey, using surveymonkey.com, of the e­Lecturers beliefs and attitude at the end of the first term. 

• E­Lecturer VLE access statistics logged at the end of the first term for the third and fourth year occupational therapy courses.

The data were collected in the second week of May 2010 and analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis.

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Results: Staff MeetingsResults: Staff MeetingsTHEME COMMENT

e-Learner positive attitude

students were enthusiastic about e-OT. noticed the increased use of e-OT. appreciated the availability of resources.

Server and network inefficiency

Chat rooms do not work when the whole class is online. Class test quiz did not work with the whole class online, =

rotated through the test (10-12 e-Learners at a time). e-Learners and e-Lecturers are unable to access e-OT at

times.

Plagiarism monitoring software

The lack of plagiarism monitoring software is of concern. It was available through the Blackboard platform.

Success e-Lecturers feel that are generally able to use the tools on the VLE.

Most students were regularly accessing e-OT.

Page 12: Electurer Feedback of the Inclusion of Blended Learning ...presentations.wits.ac.za/usrfiles/webpresent/gen13... · e-Learner positive attitude students were enthusiastic about e-OT.

Survey: E­Lecturer AttitudeSurvey: E­Lecturer Attitude

e-OT STATEMENTS

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Survey: Survey: e­Lecturers ranking of use e­Lecturers ranking of use of VLE tools of VLE tools 

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VLE Access LogsVLE Access Logs

• Review of the access logs indicated that – 83.3% of e­Lecturers actively contributed the 

content on the VLEs of the third year course 

– and 66.7% to the fourth year courses. 

• Both VLEs have been accessed by 100% of the e­Lecturers during the first term of 2010. 

Page 15: Electurer Feedback of the Inclusion of Blended Learning ...presentations.wits.ac.za/usrfiles/webpresent/gen13... · e-Learner positive attitude students were enthusiastic about e-OT.

RecommendationsRecommendations

• Recommendations for the second cycle of the PAR: – The migration of the VLE platform to a larger, 

higher processor server.

– e­Lecturers should be facilitated to use a broader scope of the VLE tools.

– Sustain the impetus of blended learning within the DOT by presenting the results of this cycle to the e­Lecturers and triggering the start of the second cycle.

Page 16: Electurer Feedback of the Inclusion of Blended Learning ...presentations.wits.ac.za/usrfiles/webpresent/gen13... · e-Learner positive attitude students were enthusiastic about e-OT.

ConclusionConclusion

• The use of blended learning in undergraduate occupational therapy PBL curriculum delivery has indicated full initial e­Lecturer uptake and implementation in the DOT. 

• Though there is still ongoing scope for development, the initial study indicated a sense of success and ownership by the e­Lecturers.

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ReferencesReferences[1] M. M. Cockbain, C. M. Blyth, C. Bovill, and K. Morss, "Adopting a blended approach to learning: Experiences from Radiography at Queen 

Margaret University, Edinburgh," Radiography, vol. In Press, Corrected Proof.[2] A. Heinze and B. Heinze, "Blended e­learning skeleton of conversation: Improving formative assessment in undergraduate dissertation 

supervision," British Journal of Educational Technology, vol. 40, pp. 294­305, 2009.[3] J. M. Keller, "First principles of motivation to learn and e3­learning," Distance Education, vol. 29, pp. 175­185, 08 2008.[4] R. McCannon, D. Robertson, J. Caldwell, C. Juwah, and A. Elfessi, "Students' perceptions of their acquired knowledge during a problem 

based learning case study," Occupational Therapy in Health Care, vol. 18, pp. 13­28, 2004.[5] B. Jung, J. Tryssenaar, and S. Wilkins, "Becoming a tutor: exploring the learning experiences and needs of novice tutors in a PBL 

programme," Medical Teacher, vol. 27, pp. 606­612, 2005.[6] N. P. Kenny and B. L. Beagan, "The patient as text: a challenge for problem­based learning," Medical Education, vol. 38, pp. 1071­1079, 

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Teacher, vol. 30, pp. 455­473, 2008.[9] K. Masters and R. Ellaway, "e­Learning in medical education Guide 32 Part 2: Technology, management and design," Medical Teacher, 

vol. 30, pp. 474­489, 2008.[10] J. Sandars and C. Haythornthwaite, "New horizons for e­learning in medical education: ecological and Web 2.0 perspectives," Medical 

Teacher, vol. 29, pp. 307­310, 2007.[11] "Blackboard Home," http://www.blackboard.com, 12/05/2010: Blackboard Inc.[12] "Moodle Home," http://moodle.org, 12/05/2010: Moodle Trust.[13] E. Byrne and S. Sahay, "Participatory Design for Social Development: A South African Case Study on Community­Based Health 

Information Systems," Information Technology for Development, vol. 13, pp. 71­94, 2007.[14] S. Kemmis and R. McTaggart, "Participatory Action Research," in Handbook of Qualitative Research, 2nd ed, N. Denzin and Y. Lincoln, 

Eds. California: Sage Publications Ltd., 2000, pp. 567­606.[15] G. Kielhofner, Research in Occupational Therapy: Methods of Inquiry for Enhancing Practice. Philidephia: F.A. Davis Company, 2006.[16] J. W. Creswell, Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed methods Approaches, 2nd ed. California: SAGE Publications, 2003.