Electronusa Mechanical System [Research Center for Electronic and Mechanical] 1| Page The Impedance Matching in The Audio Signal Processing Umar Sidik.BEng.MSc* Director of Engineering Electronusa Mechanical System (CTRONICS) *[email protected]1. Introduction Commonly, impedance is obstruction to transfer energy in the electronic circuit. Therefore, the impedance matching is required to achieve the maximum power transfer. Furthermore, the impedance matching equalizes the source impedance and load impedance. In other hand, the emitter-follower (common-collector) provides the impedance matching delivered from the base (input) to the emitter (output). The emitter-follower has high input resistance and low output resistance. In the emitter-follower, the input resistance depends on the load resistance, while the output resistance depends on the source resistance. In addition, this study implements the radial electrolytic capacitor 10 100 ⁄ . 2. Analytical Work In this study, and form the Thevenin voltage, while and deliver ac signal as and (figure 1). (a) (b) Figure 1. (a). The concept of circuit analyzed in the study (b). The equivalent circuit 2.1 Analysis of dc First step, we have to calculate the Thevenin’s voltage in figure 1: = + × For this circuit, is 5 , then: = 24 Ω 10 Ω+24 Ω ×5 24 Ω 34 Ω ×5 = (0.71) × 5 = 3.55
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Electronusa Mechanical System [Research Center for Electronic and Mechanical]
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The Impedance Matching in The Audio Signal Processing
Umar Sidik.BEng.MSc*Director of EngineeringElectronusa Mechanical System (CTRONICS)
1. IntroductionCommonly, impedance is obstruction to transfer energy in the electronic circuit. Therefore, theimpedance matching is required to achieve the maximum power transfer. Furthermore, theimpedance matching equalizes the source impedance and load impedance. In other hand, theemitter-follower (common-collector) provides the impedance matching delivered from the base(input) to the emitter (output). The emitter-follower has high input resistance and low outputresistance. In the emitter-follower, the input resistance depends on the load resistance, while theoutput resistance depends on the source resistance. In addition, this study implements the radialelectrolytic capacitor 10 100⁄ .
2. Analytical WorkIn this study, and form the Thevenin voltage, while and deliver ac signal as and
(figure 1).
(a) (b)Figure 1. (a). The concept of circuit analyzed in the study
(b). The equivalent circuit
2.1 Analysis of dcFirst step, we have to calculate the Thevenin’s voltage in figure 1:
Electronusa Mechanical System [Research Center for Electronic and Mechanical]
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Actually, in this circuit = , so = 3.55 .
The second step, we have to calculate : = −= 3.55 − 0.7= 2.85The third step, we have to calculate :
== 2.85150Ω= 19
2.2 Analysis of acIn the analysis of ac, we involve the capacitor to pass the ac signal and we also involve the internalresistance of emitter known as (figure 2).
(a) (b)Figure 2. (a). The ac circuit
(b). The equivalent circuit for ac analysis
The first step, we have to calculate in the figure 2:
= 25= 2519= 1.32Ω
The second step, we have to calculate ( ):( ) = ( + 1) ( + )‖
( ) = (200 + 1) (150Ω + 8.2Ω)‖1.32Ω
Electronusa Mechanical System [Research Center for Electronic and Mechanical]
The fourth step is to calculate : == (200)(0.0065 )= 1.3The last step is to calculate : == (1.3 )(0.764Ω)= 0.9932= 993.23. Simulation WorkThe simulation work can be classified into the dc analysis and the ac analysis.
3.1 Analysis of dcIn the simulation, is 3 (figure 3), while in the analytical work is 3.55 .
The different of the analytical work and the simulation work is:
(d) (e) (f)Figure 8. (a). in the simulation at 1Hz
(b). in the simulation at 10Hz(c). in the simulation at 100Hz(d). in the simulation at 1kHz(e). in the simulation at 10kHz(f). in the simulation at 16kHz
In the simulation, is 0 at 1Hz, is 0 at 10Hz, is 0.32 at 100Hz, is 5.36 at 1kHz, is 53.8at 10kHz, and 85.3 at 16kHz (figure 9). The difference is:
Electronusa Mechanical System [Research Center for Electronic and Mechanical]
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(%) = 52.47%In this study, the simulation shows that the and became stable started at 1 kHz.
(a) (b) (c)
(d) (e) (f)Figure 9. (a). in the simulation at 1Hz
(b). in the simulation at 10Hz(c). in the simulation at 100Hz(d). in the simulation at 1kHz(e). in the simulation at 10kHz(f). in the simulation at 16kHz