Electronics gcse

Electronics gcse

Electronics gcse Jack pealUnit:A511 introduction to making and designingCentre number: 16527Security Property protectionShed alarmFeeling secure Night lightAttack alarmUnusual acting alarmBath depth alarm Flood alarm Personal protectionOld person temperature alarmOne to one theft alarm Gate alarmLight motion sensor Panic alarm Blue text denotes area of special interestFire House fire Shed fireRape alarmBaby bath depth alarmReason for theme choice I have chosen security, because in my area there is a lot of burglars robbers and, my latter questionnaire research indicates that most robberies happen or the worry is on the shed because of the increase of people choosing to own their own tools and also having outdoor hobbies this is why I have chosen security because obviously there is a clear need for the middle range priced high functionality and reliable security device particularly.

designingUser needsWhen: the shed/property is un attended Where: on home premises Who: property owner What: alerted of damage/ theft of property Why: security and protection of interest

Creativity Stopping damage/theft of personal itemsBikes ranging from 200 to 7000Garden tools range from 20 to 1000s of poundsMotorcycles ranging from 1000 to 20,000 if classicalClassic cars ranging from 10000 to 1000000 Also with all of this wth a burglar alarm it adds a feeling of security to the user

Creativity part 2Crime Report: Burglars Break into Area Homes and a Shed this is the headline from a newspaper only 2 months ago Police are searching for suspects in a string of shed burglaries they believe are connected, according to Lt. Stephen Doarnberger, assistant commander of Baltimore County Police Franklin Precinct No. 3.In five separate incidents between Saturday, Dec. 3, and Saturday, Dec. 10, sheds in Cedarmere Circle and Strongwood Road in Owings Mills were burglarized. In three of the incident, snowblowers were stolen. Locks were damaged in the other two incidents.This time of year, it would be pretty easy to sell [snowblowers] without having to go to a pawn shop or any other kind of dealer, Doarnberger said.In September, there were six incidents of power tools being stolen from garages and sheds in Reisterstown, but in five of those cases, the garages and sheds were unlocked.In the recent cases, the sheds were locked. The locks held in a few cases, but the lock clasps were pried off. Doarnberger cautioned that when wood ages, locks are easier to pry off as well.There are locks now you can get in which the lock bar is very conceived, round instead of rectangular, and it makes the lock bar at the top much more difficult to cut or access, he said. So we recommend those.

Evidence This image clearly shows were my circuit would be in action, it Would detect this window being broken into and sound a alarm Instantly .Also not only would my circuit be in action here it would also deterThe burglars away it also adds the feeling of security to the user so The user can feel safe in their own homes which was one of factors I was aiming for, it will make the consumers more likely to buy itMy alarm would be perfect for this situation because not only have i got a red LED to deter burglars from this spot, my alarm is also a reed switch and pressure mat so on pulling th window open like that the reed switch will activate my very loud siren scaring of the burglar or allowing the locals or user to ring the police.

Evidence of users questionyesNo Dont knowdo you have a shed were you store valuables 2600Are you interested in protecting your property against damage/ theft2330is your shed is secure 10160Would you buy a economically priced security systems 16100would you be interested in a free no obligation survey to show you the benefits of our system 1952Were my circuit would be active

The arrows show were my alarm security circuit would be affective. The top arrow shows were a decoy adt alarm system box will be placed. The bottom arrow shows the magnetic/circuit breaker lock that would active on the door. Should a window be present than a lock/ circuit breaker could be applied. Imagine there is a window hereEvidence

The houses with arrows pointing to them have both had burglary from there sheds and there has been 3 more burglars a long this road also I have had reports of oil been stolen from people back gardens this is something I had to factor in when choosing what circuit inputs and outputs to use to provide a security service to people in my local community. This proves that there is a real need for a loud output to be heard by local neighbors and citizens in the village to call the police.Questionnaire 1 Do you have a shed that stores valuable items? 2 Are you interested in protecting your property?3 How many windows and doors are there on your shed?4 Hows your shed currently secured? 5 Do you have insurance on your shed? 6 Is the value of the contents of your higher than 1000?7 Are the contents of your shed used in everyday work ?8 Can you clearly see your shed ? 9 Is your property protected by a wall or fence and visible from the road? 10 Is your property left for long periods of time untended (e.g. over 2hrs at a time)

Question 1 and 2 identifies whether there is a need for my productQuestion 3 is to identify the number of possible entry points to the shed and therefore whether there is a use for my productQuestion 4 is to identify what security measures are currently in placeQuestion 5 is to identify whether there is a reason to protect the contents of the shedQuestion 6 is to clarify that the price of my security system can be justifiedQuestion 7 is to find out impact on user if contents stolen?Question 8 is to find out whether there is justification to include a security cameraQuestion 9 this is to find out the increased risk of visibility from public areaQuestion 10 is to find out if the vulnerability of the property

answers

Does shed store valuable itemsInterested in Property protectionNo. access points to shed including windowsCurrent security MeasuresInsured ?Do contents value exceed 1000Distance shed from house (approx)Contents used for jobProtected by wall/fence, visibility from roadLeft for long durations of time (excess of 2 hrs)Client 1YesYes3BoltedNoNo10mtrNoNoNo

Client 2 NoClient 3YesYes6PadlockYesNoNext doorYesYesNoClient 4YesYes2Adt security systemYesYes 3mtrYesYesYes

Client 5YesYes1Simple lockYesYes15mtrNoYesNoClient 6YesYes3Door lockNoNo4mtrYesNoyesClient 7YesYes4Grills on window with padlocksNoyes2mtrYesyesyesClient 8yesyes2Door lockyesyes5mtrnoNoyesClient 9YesYes4PadlockNoYes10mtrYesNonoClient 10Yes Yes3Bolted NoNo7mtrNoYesnoRelated productsproductcostTypical userWhen/whereUsed?functionTechnology used(input/output)Manufacturing process Electronic Keypad Alarm system19.99For night time usage for home owners3 105 db alarms and 1 magnetic circuits breakers and keypad password Battery inputclaimed easy to install Injection molded Friedland Response MA8 Single Room Remote Controlled Motion and Entry Alarm30.99For night time usage home owners 90db alarm and 2 magnetic circuit breakers and a motion sensor Mains run input loud alarm and motion sensor output Injection moldedyale Security system99.99For any home owner used at night or when outCalls three phone numbers when activated Wireless battery operated Injection molded

Related productsThis circuit has a light dependent resistor which was one of my options when i was deciding what would be the most affective, and although it would be useful to be see weither its day or not in some places, i decided that i wanted my circuit to alarm weither its day or night because burglaries occure mostly during the evenings or the mornings this circuit has the same output as my product

Related products PT2this circuit shares the same output to my Circuit depending on options availableAlso the circuit is using a reed switch which is the same as my choice, reed switches are very common in burglar alarms as they are very effective , which proves why they are so popular.

This circuit has a transistor which is the Same as my choice

Design brief I am going to design a product, that will detect when your shed is broken into.The burglar alarm plans to prevent and add the sense of security to the user and it can really help to make people feel secure Input:Reed switch for the window and doors usage, the push to make switch in use if a pressure mat is for placing within the shed to let the user know if the shed valuables are at real riskAlso I have put a reset switch so that the user has a easy reset after the detection Process:The process will be either transistor or Darlington pair but I think it will be transistor because the cost factorOutput:Is a loud siren to instantly let the user know that their valuables are at riskOther:I have fitted a flashing L.E.D to add the safety and feeling of security to the userAlso fitted another L.E.D so when the alarm is activated it flashes Product analysis Name of product and picture 1 Friedland Response SL2 Wire free Multi User Keypad Controlled Burglar Alarm System by Friedland

Name of product and picture 2 Yale HSA6200 Standard Wire free Burglar Alarm

functionIt is a home function burglar alarm with a four digit code entry for multiple personal use Its a burglar alarm which is expandable and Yale is one of the best know name so it should better burglars away before even entering User need fulfilled Yes because it has power led indicators and solar power backup also wireless for ultimate protection also with the added feeling of security so it makes the user feel safe yes because it comes with a 1 year warranty as well as expandable devices e.g. you can ad more security features to it, it also comes with the led for the extra added feeling of sercurityMaterials used in constructionabs and the screws onerously with the copper and solder and it includes the materials needed for a solar panel, and whatever is in the l.e.dsabs and the screws overously with the copper and solder and it includes the materials needed for a solar panel, and whatever is in the l.e.dsDurability of the product High because it comes with lithium long life batteries'(replicable) an d a solar power unit this product is designed with long life in mind because it comes with the expandable system so it can become more secure also the warranty is expandable to five years Sustainability of the product The batteries are not recyclable but the plastic and solder is its reusable because batteries are replicable The product has a five year warranty and replicable batteries along with mostly recylable materials so it is fairly sustainable Life cycleThe components will either be melted down for circuit use or just updated Energy use Specification Specification pointFeature describedReason for feature Purpose of proposed productTo prevent and protect burglary from shedsI am going to do this to appeal to people with a she and seek protection, and there is a high burglary rate in the area in which they liveWhat should the proposed product do My product is designed to sound on entry of an burglar So that the product helps people to protect their personal possessions What will the proposed product need to sense My product will need to sense a the door opening, and window To insure all area which could be broken into are protected and it adds a feeling of security to the costumer Choosing other featuresOther:I have fitted a flashing L.E.D to add the safety and feeling of security to the userAlso fitted another L.E.D so when the alarm is activated it flashes

Specification Specification pointFeature describedReason for feature What will the output need to be My product will have output of loud siren and flashing led The siren will be used to warn any people in the area of a shed that it is being broken into, the led is to insure people that the circuit is working What will the power supply be The product will run of battery power The circuit will be run of battery to disable and wire cutting to de-activate the circuitWhat voltage will the circuit be run of It will be run of 9vThis is because it is a standard power and the battery size is compact Choosing outputOutput:Is a loud siren to instantly let the user know that their valuables are at riskSpecification Specification pointFeature describedReason for feature Will the product have a on/off switch My circuit will have a on/off switch To allow emergency turn off in cause of fault Will it have a on indicator My circuit will have a power indicatorThe circuit will have a power indicator to tell the owner that the circuit is working but also it will act as a deterrent to any burglars How will the circuit be designed My circuit will be designed using circuit wizard, student editionThe reason for this is to know that the circuit works before even starting manual workChoosing processProcess:The process will be either transistor or Darlington pair but I think it will be transistor because the cost factor

Specification Specification pointFeature describedReason for feature How will the circuit be manufacturedThe circuit will be manufactured by the denford circuit board maker then components will be soldered on The reason for this is to make a precise circuit board to insure all the components fitHow will we ensure that the circuit will be well made and work Test the circuit in the environment it will be functioning.To ensure the protection of the valuables of the owner Choosing inputs Input:Reed switch for the window and doors usage, the push to make switch in use if a pressure mat is for placing within the shed to let the user know if the shed valuables are at real riskAlso I have put a reset switch so that the user has a easy reset after the detection This is my first ever circuit

This is my first circuit it is only one input which after re-assessing my data I decided that one input is not enough and that the fact the circuit latches on with no reset switch isnt good enough ,see how I improved it into my next circuitMy second circuit

This is my second circuit it works well with my two inputs easy to use.But after using it I noticed that there wasnt a reset switch or a L.E.D to show the user that it is on.The circuit is also very difficult to put into pcbs because of the logic gates My finished circuit

This is my updated version it works a lot better and as you can see I have put a reset switch into it also has a flashing led to add the feeling of security to the user as well as deterring some of the burglars to avoid the risk of being caught. Circuit development options

These are the building blocks of whic i have used in my circuit there are some alternatives for different results , on the not gate latch and power and output i have modified them in the power i have added a flashing LED in the not gate latch i have added a reset ptmAnd in the output i have added another LED

Circuit development options

These are the alternatives to the inputs process and output i already use to still peform the role of a burglar alarm using the building blocks The LDR input and the tempreture input could work by detecting the burglar at dark as he enters the room i didnt choose this option is because it isnt as responsive as a PTM abd reed switch in nor gate with the converter to make it easy to put together in PCB form.The or gate was my first choice because its simple but as described it is hard to put together in PCB layout.The output of two LEDs is good but not good for warning the user in the night if they are not looking at it. Also it doesnt act as a deterant to the bulger after they have been detected also it doesnt warn those around the user.My first P.C.B

This is my first P.C.B it doesnt have a reset switch or any flashing L.E.Ds for extra safety reasons, this also detracts from the sense of security and the user needs.This is my simplest circuit, I dont think it would fully meet the needs of the consumer At this stage the copper fill it hasnt been removed, which makes this a less sustainable circuit My second P.C.B

This is my second P.C.B it has the flashing L.E.D but it has two logic gate input gates which i originally didn't notice as a problem , but it is because I deliberately putAt this stage I haven't removed the copper fill , this means that this is less sustainable My finished P.C.BAs you can see this P.C.B has blue wires because the circuit is to complex to map it complete it without blue wires, previously I have put this circuit with the nor gate and converter because that meant that it could use this circuit with only one logic gate input gate but hadnt changed them all the one gate so therefore the whole process was a waste of time but fortunately I realized this and changed it so this became only one gate, the circuit also has a reset switch as another development Also I have removed the copper fill to make the circuit more sustainable.This in tern makes it more environmentally friendly . This circuit also has the pads sizes and pad holes changed size to make it easier in the building process (pad width 0.12 and height 0.12 the hole is 0.01 and the gap is 0.04)

Process descriptionEquipment requiredSafety issues Tips for success Design pcb and maskCircuit wizardCut board to size Band sawSaw blade is very sharp so make sure your hand isn't to close to the spinning blade Double check the measurements before you cut Expose most and photo pcb to uv light Uv light Photo pcbMask of pcb Make sure the uv light cannot get into your eyes Leave it under for 10 minutes Develop exposed pcb Development fluidDon't get it into your eyes or onto your clothesWear safety clothing e.g gloves gogglesEtch P.C.BBubble etch tankEtchant Dont get etchant on your skin because it can be corrosive Wear goggles, gloves to prevent it getting on your skin, leave the etchant for two minutes Drill holesDrillDrill press Don't take any risks whilst using the drill e.g. get your hands to close to the spinning drill bit Drill it correctly E.G make sure its centred and wear safety gogglesSolder resistor Soldering ironWooden clipboard Soldering iron can burn you so be careful whilst you are using it and don't slipTake your time and make sure its on the right side and the right value resistor Planning the manufacture processPlanning the manufacture process continuedsolder transistor Soldering iron Wooden clipboardSoldering iron can burn you so be careful whilst using itTake your time whilst deciding were to place but not to much soldering time it could blow the component Solder ptm Soldering iron Wooden clipboard

Soldering iron can burn you so be careful whilst using it

Take your time whilst deciding were to place but not to much soldering time it could blow the component

Solder buzzer Soldering iron Wooden clipboard

Soldering iron can burn you so be careful whilst using it

Take your time whilst deciding were to place but not to much soldering time it could blow the component

Solder reed switch Soldering iron Wooden clipboard

Soldering iron can burn you so be careful whilst using it

Take your time whilst deciding were to place but not to much soldering time it could blow the component

StepActionExpected outcomeOk?1 When I turn the circuit I expect the LED direct connected to the power to flashThe LED to flash when the circuit is turned onWhen turned it did as expected2When the circuit is on and one of the input PTM switches is activated the buzzer to sound and the second LED to flash the output LED to flash and the buzzer to sound when the PTM is activated Yes it worked fine 3Whilst the circuit has been alarmed the circuit to be reset via the input PTM and the circuit to return to ready to soundThe circuit to reset after alarmed and the PTM to has been pushed Worked fully as antisipated4 Testing the circuitEquipment used

Printed circuit board (P.C.B) This is a thin board of insulating fibre with side of the borad coated with a layer copper.The components are mounted with a copper forming mount betwneen the board and the components, the board is later put into the etching tank where all eccess coppper is taken of so the borad is left with thin layers of copper on them.

Etching tank A tank containing liquid ferric chloride that is used in the production of printed circuit boards (PCBs). The PCB is immersed in the liquid which is heated and then agitated by a stream of bubbles; unwanted copper cladding on the PCB is removed by a process known as etching.Equipment used continuedOnce the PCB has been etched holes are drilled through the solder pads, for the insertion of component wires, using a 1mm drill bit.

Soldering ironA hand tool used as a heat source for soldering. Soldering irons have a copper bit or tip for the efficient transfer of heat to the work being soldered. Most soldering irons used in electronics are electrically heated.Practical building the circuit

This Is my original circuit board just after it was made and before I started work on it

This just shows me checking to make sure I have the chip component in the right place before I solder it in, trying to avoid any potential mistakes from early on

This is just after my first soldering having just soldered in the chip into the board, no problems were yet encountered,Equipment used soldering iron and working board

Practical work continued

This shows me checking the resistance values of the resistor before I solder them in, because having checked I realized that I was very close to putting the wrong resistor in And the picture below shows me checking to make sure that it was in the right place after checking that they were the right values Then the picture to the right shows me checking again as I solder another resistor in

Practical work continued (2)

This shows me trimming the wires left sticking out after I soldered the resistors in to the board. I did this because it made it easier to work around the board and just for general access.

This is just after I made the components for my pressure mat, I cut out 3 squares of cardboard to 20x20cm size I then took one of then and measured 5 cm in then cut out a 10 cm x 10 cm hole in it. The other two sheets were coated in a layer of tin foil. I made almost a sandwich with the three and put the card board sheet with the cut out in the middle of the two coated ones. I then got two wires measured then to 30cm then cut them to identical length. Then the first 3 cm of one end of each wire was removed then first 1.5 cm on the other, the shorter side was tinned and the longer was frayed and stuck onto the two outer sheets of cardboard with tin foil on them around about the edge as far away from the middle as possible.I then stuck the whole lot was later stuck together around the edge.Practical work continued (3)The key stages of my practical work were only displayed and most of the rest consisted of the previously described steps of checking where the component goes on the printed circuit wizard diagram then double checking it was the right way round then soldering it in.Although most of the practical went to plan I did encounter a fortunately salvageable situation.It appeared that when making the pressure mat I hadnt trimmed around the edges well enough meaning that when I put the two together it made contact via the sides even when not being pushed upon, so as a result I took the whole thing apart again and then using a carpenters trimming knife I cut of all of the tin foil from the sides and then put it back together, it was a successful repair and now the circuit works perfectly

Finished practical work

Finished circuit working

Evaluation of the circuit Manufacturing improvements that could be made Functional imporvemnts that could be made to better suit the users needs when making the circuit i could run spend longer allowing the soldering iron to heat up because on one of the solders i did the soldering iron wasnt hot enough to melt the solder and i almost resulted in the pcb board being damaged as a resultI could possible looking at it now make one of the LEDs i put in flashing to allow the user to see the difference between the two in the alarming situation When making the preassure mat with the two bits of card with the tin foil stuck onto them , it would of been more effient if i had trimmed the first 2cm of tin foil around the edge of because when i didnt i was unrealiable so that was the solution to the reliablilty issue.I could possibly used a stand for my reed switch because when trying to trigger my reed swith it was quite hard to hold it in place to move the over magnet part of the reed switch to trigger it hen it was free standing.When checking the componetns were in the right place it would of been helpfuil if i hadnt, printed the wrong sheet for my pcb which ment it was very hard to find out were the compents went before i realised i had printed the wrong sheet i think this cost me quite a lot of time.Although my preassure mat works if i was making this again i think it would be more fucnstional if i had bought a profesionally made preassure mat with a warantee because i think tin foil will be prone to wear and tear in the long term Evaluation of my circuit Description of ProcessWhat went wellProblems encountered/changes madeAction taken to deal with problemDesign PCB and create maskUsing circuit wizard was very easy and quick Having the two inputs using a or gate meant that I got to many terminal blocks in my P.C.B I had to use a nor gate and a nor gate convert to reduce it down to one terminal block in my P.C.B layoutDrill holes in solder padsSome of holes drilled were the right size the first time making it very quick for the start of my manufacture Some of the holes needed to be re-drilled to make them big enough to fit the bigger wires. The holes were re-drilled to get them to the right size to fit the wires in to the circuit boardAdd resistorsMost resistors fitted in easily and I made little mistakes in terms of choosing the right resistors `I put the wrong resistor in my board I had to unsolder the resistor from the board then insert the right one Add transistors/thyristorsI made no mistakes soldering, was easy Figuring out the right way round to get the transistor before I soldered it in I had to look deeper into my circuit print out sheet to access where the right position was for itAdd Chip socketI quickly found the chips direction and soldered it in correctly Spent some time accessing what direction the chip socket went inReferring back to my printed P.C.B circuit sheetAdd off board componentsVery quick and the shrink wrapping of the off board components was easy Tinning was easy to get wrong and overdue meaning the wires wouldnt fit through the board I had to go back afterwards and remove some of the solder from the wires to make them fit into the board Add chip to socketThis was a lot quicker and easier than anticipated, because I found the right chip for my circuit the first time After inserting the chip I found out there was a problem with my pressure mat I then had to dismantle my pressure mat to ensure that it worked and then my circuit worked very well and functioned perfectly