Electronic Fuel Injector

S U B M I T T E D B YS U B M I T T E D B Y

Muhammad Imran khan 07-MCT-50Muhammad Imran khan 07-MCT-50

Mubbashar Mehmood 07-MCT-30Mubbashar Mehmood 07-MCT-30

Zaki ul Hassan 07-MCT-51Zaki ul Hassan 07-MCT-51

S U B M I T T E D T O S U B M I T T E D T O

SIR HAFIZ KHURRAM ALISIR HAFIZ KHURRAM ALI

UET TAXILAUET TAXILA

SUB CAMPUS CHAKWALSUB CAMPUS CHAKWAL

ELECTRONIC FUEL ELECTRONIC FUEL INJECTION (EFI)INJECTION (EFI)

Electronic Electronic Fuel injection is a system of fuelFuel injection is a system of fuel

delivery for mixture with air in an internal combustion engine.delivery for mixture with air in an internal combustion engine.

HISTORY HISTORY 1.1. Frederic joined Forward gas engine in 1889 and do Frederic joined Forward gas engine in 1889 and do

experiments in fuel injection.experiments in fuel injection.

2. Fuel injection was in widespread commercial use in 2. Fuel injection was in widespread commercial use in diesel engines by mid 1920s. The direct injection was in diesel engines by mid 1920s. The direct injection was in employed in some notable designs like Benz, BMW.employed in some notable designs like Benz, BMW.

3. First gasoline injection system was developed by Bosch 3. First gasoline injection system was developed by Bosch and introduced in 1955 in Mercedes Benz-300 SL.and introduced in 1955 in Mercedes Benz-300 SL.

4. 4. The first commercial electronic fuel injection (EFI) The first commercial electronic fuel injection (EFI) system was system was ElectrojectorElectrojector, developed by the Bendix , developed by the Bendix Corporation andCorporation and was to be offered by American Motors was to be offered by American Motors (AMC) in 1957(AMC) in 1957 . .

5. 5. In 1957, Chevrolet introduced a mechanical fuel In 1957, Chevrolet introduced a mechanical fuel injection option, made by General Motors‘.injection option, made by General Motors‘.

6. 6. Chrysler offered Electrojector on specific high Chrysler offered Electrojector on specific high performance 1958 modelsperformance 1958 models…the 300D, the D500 …the 300D, the D500 Arguably the first series cars Arguably the first series cars equipped with an EFI equipped with an EFI system, but the early electronic components were system, but the early electronic components were not equal to the rigors of underhood service and not equal to the rigors of underhood service and were too slow.were too slow.

7. 7. Bosch developed an Bosch developed an electronic fuel injectionelectronic fuel injection system, called system, called D-JetronicD-Jetronic (D for Druck, the (D for Druck, the German word for pressure), which was first used on German word for pressure), which was first used on the VW 1600TL in 1967.the VW 1600TL in 1967.

Bosch developed an Bosch developed an electronic fuel electronic fuel injectioninjection system, called system, called D-JetronicD-Jetronic (D for (D for

Druck, the German word for pressure), Druck, the German word for pressure), which was first used on the VW 1600TL in which was first used on the VW 1600TL in

1967. 1967.

In 1982, Bosch introduced a sensor that In 1982, Bosch introduced a sensor that directly measures the air mass flow into directly measures the air mass flow into the engine, on their L-Jetronic system. the engine, on their L-Jetronic system. Bosch called this Bosch called this LH-JetronicLH-Jetronic system. system.

The LH-Jetronic system was also the first The LH-Jetronic system was also the first fully digital EFI system.fully digital EFI system.

Super session of Carburetors Super session of Carburetors

Throughout the 1950s and 1960s, various Throughout the 1950s and 1960s, various federal, state and local governments federal, state and local governments conducted studies into the numerous conducted studies into the numerous sources of air pollution. These studies sources of air pollution. These studies ultimately attributed a significant portion of ultimately attributed a significant portion of air pollution to the automobile,. air pollution to the automobile,.

Main Parts of Carburetors Main Parts of Carburetors

Main circuitMain circuit

Idle circuitIdle circuit

Accelerator pumpAccelerator pump

Power enrichment circuitPower enrichment circuit

ChokeChoke

Disadvantages of CarburetorsDisadvantages of Carburetors

3 types of Toxic emissions from 3 types of Toxic emissions from CarburetorsCarburetors

1.1. Carbon Monoxide (C0)Carbon Monoxide (C0)

2.2. Unburnt Hydrocarbons (HC)Unburnt Hydrocarbons (HC)

3.3. Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)

These result incomplete combustion of fuel These result incomplete combustion of fuel with less oxygen in combustion chamber.with less oxygen in combustion chamber.

Other Types of Fuel InjectionOther Types of Fuel Injection

Throttle Body InjectionThrottle Body InjectionContinuous InjectionContinuous InjectionCentral Port InjectionCentral Port InjectionMulti point Fuel InjectionMulti point Fuel InjectionDirect InjectionDirect InjectionElectronic Fuel InjectionElectronic Fuel Injection

Continuous injection Continuous injection

Central port injectionCentral port injection

Direct fuel injectionDirect fuel injection

Parts in EFIParts in EFI

Fuel Injectors Fuel Injectors Fuel Pump Fuel Pump Fuel Pressure Regulator Fuel Pressure Regulator Air flow meterAir flow meterThrottle valveThrottle valveAir intake chamberAir intake chamberElectronic control unitElectronic control unitSensorsSensors

Types of Engine SensorsTypes of Engine SensorsMass airflow sensorMass airflow sensor Oxygen sensorOxygen sensor Throttle position sensorThrottle position sensor Coolant temperature sensorCoolant temperature sensor Voltage sensorVoltage sensor Manifold absolute pressure sensorManifold absolute pressure sensor Engine speed sensorEngine speed sensor Crank Position SensorCrank Position Sensor Cam Angle SensorCam Angle Sensor

WORKING OF EFIWORKING OF EFI

1. Fuel Delivery System1. Fuel Delivery System

2. Air Induction System2. Air Induction System

3. Electronic Control System3. Electronic Control System

ELECTRONIC FUEL INJECTION ELECTRONIC FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM (EFI)SYSTEM (EFI)

Fuel Delivery SystemFuel Delivery System

It consist of It consist of fuel tankfuel tank, , fuel pumpfuel pump, , fuel filterfuel filter, , fuel delivery pipefuel delivery pipe, , fuel injectorfuel injector, , fuel fuel pressure regulatorpressure regulator and and fuel return pipefuel return pipe..

Fuel is delivered from the tank to the Fuel is delivered from the tank to the injector by means of an electric fuel pump. injector by means of an electric fuel pump. The pump is typically located in or near The pump is typically located in or near the fuel tank. the fuel tank.

Fuel is maintained at a constant pressure Fuel is maintained at a constant pressure by means of a fuel pressure regulator. by means of a fuel pressure regulator.

Fuel Delivery SystemFuel Delivery System

Air Induction SystemAir Induction System

The air induction system consists of the The air induction system consists of the air air cleanercleaner, , air flow meterair flow meter, , throttle valvethrottle valve, , air intake air intake chamberchamber, , intake manifold runnerintake manifold runner, and , and intake intake valvevalve..

When the throttle valve is opened, air flows When the throttle valve is opened, air flows through the through the air cleanerair cleaner, through the air flow , through the air flow meter (on L type systems), past the throttle meter (on L type systems), past the throttle valve, and through a well tuned valve, and through a well tuned intake manifoldintake manifold runner to the intake valve. runner to the intake valve.

The Air Induction SystemThe Air Induction System

Electronic Control SystemElectronic Control System

It consists of It consists of

1.1. Electronic Control Unit (ECU)Electronic Control Unit (ECU)

2.2. Engine SensorsEngine Sensors

3.3. Fuel Injector AssembliesFuel Injector Assemblies

Electronic Control SystemElectronic Control System

Electronic control unitElectronic control unit

ECU ComponentsECU Components

Analog-to-digital convertersAnalog-to-digital converters

High-level digital outputsHigh-level digital outputs

Digital-to-analog convertersDigital-to-analog converters

Signal conditionersSignal conditioners

Communication chipsCommunication chips

WORKING OF ECU WORKING OF ECU

ECUECU determines precisely how much fuel needs determines precisely how much fuel needs to be delivered by the injector by monitoring the to be delivered by the injector by monitoring the engine sensors, ECUengine sensors, ECU monitors engine operating monitors engine operating parameters via various sensors.parameters via various sensors.

The optimum amount of injected fuel The optimum amount of injected fuel depends on conditions such as engine and depends on conditions such as engine and ambient temperatures, engine speed and ambient temperatures, engine speed and workload, and exhaust gas composition.workload, and exhaust gas composition.

Efi workingEfi working

Working of efiWorking of efi

The The electronic fuel injectorelectronic fuel injector is normally closed, is normally closed, and opens to inject pressurised fuel as long as and opens to inject pressurised fuel as long as electricity is applied to the injector's solenoid electricity is applied to the injector's solenoid coil. The duration of this operation, called coil. The duration of this operation, called pulse pulse widthwidth,, is proportional to the amount of fuel is proportional to the amount of fuel desired.desired.

Oxygen sensorsOxygen sensors monitor the amount of oxygen monitor the amount of oxygen in the exhaust, and the in the exhaust, and the ECUECU uses this uses this information to adjust the air-to-fuel ratio in real-information to adjust the air-to-fuel ratio in real-time.time.

Advantages of EFIAdvantages of EFI

Uniform Air/Fuel Mixture Distribution.Uniform Air/Fuel Mixture Distribution. Highly Accurate Air/Fuel Ratio Control Highly Accurate Air/Fuel Ratio Control

Throughout All Engine Operating Conditions.Throughout All Engine Operating Conditions. Excellent Fuel Economy With Improved Excellent Fuel Economy With Improved

Emission Control.Emission Control. Improved Cold Engine Start ability.Improved Cold Engine Start ability. Simpler Mechanics, Reduced Adjustment Simpler Mechanics, Reduced Adjustment

Sensitivity.Sensitivity.

End of presentation End of presentation

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