OBE H. Chemistry 2/9/11 1. What did Rutherford discover about the atom that changed the old atomic model? 2. Who is “most responsible for the current model of the atom?
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Jun 23, 2015
Electron Configurations 2
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OBE H. Chemistry 2/9/11
1. What did Rutherford discover about the atom that changed the old atomic model?
2. Who is “most responsible for the current model of the atom?
1A(1)
8A(18)
11H
1.0082A(2)
TRANSITION ELEMENTS 3A(13)
4A(14)
5A(15)
6A(16)
7A(17)
2He
4.003
23Li
6.941
4Be
9.012 8B
5B
10.81
6C
12.01
7N
14.01
8O
16.00
9F
19.00
10Ne
20.18
311Na
22.99
12Mg
24.31
3B(3)
4B(4)
5B(5)
6B(6)
7B(7)
(8) (9) (10) 1B(11)
2B(12)
13Al
26.98
14Si
28.09
15P
30.97
16S
32.07
17Cl
35.45
18Ar
39.95
419K
39.10
20Ca
40.08
21Sc
44.96
22Ti
47.88
23V
50.94
24Cr
52.00
25Mn
54.94
26Fe
55.85
27Co
58.93
28Ni
58.69
29Cu
63.55
30Zn
65.39
31Ga
69.72
32Ge
72.61
33As
74.92
34Se
78.96
35Br
79.90
36Kr
83.80
537Rb
85.47
38Sr
87.62
39Y
88.91
40Zr
91.22
41Nb
92.91
42Mo
95.94
43Tc
(98)
44Ru
101.1
45Rh
102.9
46Pd
106.4
47Ag
107.9
48Cd
112.4
49In
114.8
50Sn
118.7
51Sb
121.8
52Te
127.6
53I
126.9
54Xe
131.3
655Cs
132.9
56Ba
137.3
57La
138.9
72Hf
178.5
73Ta
180.9
74W
183.9
75Re
186.2
76Os
190.2
77Ir
192.2
78Pt
195.1
79Au
197.0
80Hg
200.6
81Tl
204.4
82Pb
207.2
83Bi
209.0
84Po
(209)
85At
(210)
86Rn
(222)
787Fr
(223)
88Ra
(226)
89Ac
(227)
104Rf
(261)
105Db
(262)
106Sg
(266)
107Bh
(262)
108Hs
(265)
109Mt
(266)
110
(269)
111
(272)
112
(277)
INNER TRANSITION ELEMENTS
6 Lathanides58Ce
140.1
59Pr
140.9
60Nd
144.2
61Pm
(145)
62Sm
150.4
63Eu
152.0
64Gd
157.3
65Tb
158.9
66Dy
162.5
67Ho
164.9
68Er
167.3
69Tm
168.9
70Yb
173.0
71Lu
175.0
7 Actinides90Th
232.0
91Pa
(231)
92U
238.0
93Np
(237)
94Pu
(242)
95Am
(243)
96Cm
(247)
97Bk
(247)
98Cf
(251)
99Es
(252)
100Fm
(257)
101Md
(258)
102No
(259)
103Lr
(260)
Ideal Gas Constant: R=0.0821 L atm mol-1K-1
1 atm = 760 mm Hg = 760 torr
Period
Electronic Configuration according to Quantum Mechanics
The location of an electron is described by 3 terms.
1st Term: Shell (n)
n = 1
n = 2
n = 3
lone electronof Hydrogen
1A(1)
8A(18)
11H
1.0082A(2)
TRANSITION ELEMENTS 3A(13)
4A(14)
5A(15)
6A(16)
7A(17)
2He
4.003
23Li
6.941
4Be
9.012 8B
5B
10.81
6C
12.01
7N
14.01
8O
16.00
9F
19.00
10Ne
20.18
311Na
22.99
12Mg
24.31
3B(3)
4B(4)
5B(5)
6B(6)
7B(7)
(8) (9) (10) 1B(11)
2B(12)
13Al
26.98
14Si
28.09
15P
30.97
16S
32.07
17Cl
35.45
18Ar
39.95
419K
39.10
20Ca
40.08
21Sc
44.96
22Ti
47.88
23V
50.94
24Cr
52.00
25Mn
54.94
26Fe
55.85
27Co
58.93
28Ni
58.69
29Cu
63.55
30Zn
65.39
31Ga
69.72
32Ge
72.61
33As
74.92
34Se
78.96
35Br
79.90
36Kr
83.80
537Rb
85.47
38Sr
87.62
39Y
88.91
40Zr
91.22
41Nb
92.91
42Mo
95.94
43Tc
(98)
44Ru
101.1
45Rh
102.9
46Pd
106.4
47Ag
107.9
48Cd
112.4
49In
114.8
50Sn
118.7
51Sb
121.8
52Te
127.6
53I
126.9
54Xe
131.3
655Cs
132.9
56Ba
137.3
57La
138.9
72Hf
178.5
73Ta
180.9
74W
183.9
75Re
186.2
76Os
190.2
77Ir
192.2
78Pt
195.1
79Au
197.0
80Hg
200.6
81Tl
204.4
82Pb
207.2
83Bi
209.0
84Po
(209)
85At
(210)
86Rn
(222)
787Fr
(223)
88Ra
(226)
89Ac
(227)
104Rf
(261)
105Db
(262)
106Sg
(266)
107Bh
(262)
108Hs
(265)
109Mt
(266)
110
(269)
111
(272)
112
(277)
INNER TRANSITION ELEMENTS
6 Lathanides58Ce
140.1
59Pr
140.9
60Nd
144.2
61Pm
(145)
62Sm
150.4
63Eu
152.0
64Gd
157.3
65Tb
158.9
66Dy
162.5
67Ho
164.9
68Er
167.3
69Tm
168.9
70Yb
173.0
71Lu
175.0
7 Actinides90Th
232.0
91Pa
(231)
92U
238.0
93Np
(237)
94Pu
(242)
95Am
(243)
96Cm
(247)
97Bk
(247)
98Cf
(251)
99Es
(252)
100Fm
(257)
101Md
(258)
102No
(259)
103Lr
(260)
Ideal Gas Constant: R=0.0821 L atm mol-1K-1
1 atm = 760 mm Hg = 760 torr
Period
2nd Term: subshell - designated by s, p,d,f
1s
n = 2
n = 3
The first shell (1) has one subshell (s).
2nd Term: subshell - designated by s, p,d,f - refers to the shape(s) of the area in which the electron can be located. - also designates an energy level within the shell.1s
n = 2
n = 3
The first shell (1) has one subshell (s).
The s subshell is spherical in shape and has 1 orbital
3rd Term: orbital
2nd Term: subshell - designated by s, p,d,f - refers to the shape(s) of the area in which the electron can be located. - also designates an energy level within the shell.1s
n = 2
n = 3
The first shell (1) has one subshell (s).
The s subshell is spherical in shape and has 1 orbital
3rd Term: orbitalEach orbital can accommodate2 electrons
The Electronic Configuration of Hydrogen
1s
The first shell (1) has one subshell (s).The s subshell is spherical in shape and has 1 orbital
H 1s1
shell
subshell
# of electrons present
energy
H 1s
Electronic configuration
Orbital Energy Level Diagram
The Electronic Configuration of Helium He: Atomic # of 2, 2 electrons in a neutral He atom
1s
The Electronic Configuration of Helium He: Atomic # of 2, 2 electrons in a neutral He atom
H 1s1
He 1s2
He 1s
1s
**if there are 2 electrons in the same orbitalthey must have the opposite spin. (Pauli’s Exclusion Principle)
1A(1)
8A(18)
11H
1.0082A(2)
TRANSITION ELEMENTS 3A(13)
4A(14)
5A(15)
6A(16)
7A(17)
2He
4.003
23Li
6.941
4Be
9.012 8B
5B
10.81
6C
12.01
7N
14.01
8O
16.00
9F
19.00
10Ne
20.18
311Na
22.99
12Mg
24.31
3B(3)
4B(4)
5B(5)
6B(6)
7B(7)
(8) (9) (10) 1B(11)
2B(12)
13Al
26.98
14Si
28.09
15P
30.97
16S
32.07
17Cl
35.45
18Ar
39.95
419K
39.10
20Ca
40.08
21Sc
44.96
22Ti
47.88
23V
50.94
24Cr
52.00
25Mn
54.94
26Fe
55.85
27Co
58.93
28Ni
58.69
29Cu
63.55
30Zn
65.39
31Ga
69.72
32Ge
72.61
33As
74.92
34Se
78.96
35Br
79.90
36Kr
83.80
537Rb
85.47
38Sr
87.62
39Y
88.91
40Zr
91.22
41Nb
92.91
42Mo
95.94
43Tc
(98)
44Ru
101.1
45Rh
102.9
46Pd
106.4
47Ag
107.9
48Cd
112.4
49In
114.8
50Sn
118.7
51Sb
121.8
52Te
127.6
53I
126.9
54Xe
131.3
655Cs
132.9
56Ba
137.3
57La
138.9
72Hf
178.5
73Ta
180.9
74W
183.9
75Re
186.2
76Os
190.2
77Ir
192.2
78Pt
195.1
79Au
197.0
80Hg
200.6
81Tl
204.4
82Pb
207.2
83Bi
209.0
84Po
(209)
85At
(210)
86Rn
(222)
787Fr
(223)
88Ra
(226)
89Ac
(227)
104Rf
(261)
105Db
(262)
106Sg
(266)
107Bh
(262)
108Hs
(265)
109Mt
(266)
110
(269)
111
(272)
112
(277)
INNER TRANSITION ELEMENTS
6 Lathanides58Ce
140.1
59Pr
140.9
60Nd
144.2
61Pm
(145)
62Sm
150.4
63Eu
152.0
64Gd
157.3
65Tb
158.9
66Dy
162.5
67Ho
164.9
68Er
167.3
69Tm
168.9
70Yb
173.0
71Lu
175.0
7 Actinides90Th
232.0
91Pa
(231)
92U
238.0
93Np
(237)
94Pu
(242)
95Am
(243)
96Cm
(247)
97Bk
(247)
98Cf
(251)
99Es
(252)
100Fm
(257)
101Md
(258)
102No
(259)
103Lr
(260)
Ideal Gas Constant: R=0.0821 L atm mol-1K-1
1 atm = 760 mm Hg = 760 torr
Period
1s
The Electronic Configuration of Lithium (Li)Li: Z=3 Li has 3 electrons.
2nd shell (2)
1s
The Electronic Configuration of Lithium (Li)Li: Z=3 Li has 3 electrons.
2nd shell
- The 2nd shell (n= 2) has 2 subshells which are s and p.
2s2p
1s
The Electronic Configuration of Lithium (Li)Li: Z=3 Li has 3 electrons.
2nd shell
2s2p
Li 1s22s1
2s
Li 1s Electronic configuration Orbital Energy Level Diagram
1s
The Electronic Configuration of Berylium (Be)Be: Z=4 Be has 4 electrons.
2nd shell
2s2p
Be 1s22s2
2s Be 1s
Electronic configuration Orbital Energy Level Diagram
1A(1)
8A(18)
11H
1.0082A(2)
TRANSITION ELEMENTS 3A(13)
4A(14)
5A(15)
6A(16)
7A(17)
2He
4.003
23Li
6.941
4Be
9.012 8B
5B
10.81
6C
12.01
7N
14.01
8O
16.00
9F
19.00
10Ne
20.18
311Na
22.99
12Mg
24.31
3B(3)
4B(4)
5B(5)
6B(6)
7B(7)
(8) (9) (10) 1B(11)
2B(12)
13Al
26.98
14Si
28.09
15P
30.97
16S
32.07
17Cl
35.45
18Ar
39.95
419K
39.10
20Ca
40.08
21Sc
44.96
22Ti
47.88
23V
50.94
24Cr
52.00
25Mn
54.94
26Fe
55.85
27Co
58.93
28Ni
58.69
29Cu
63.55
30Zn
65.39
31Ga
69.72
32Ge
72.61
33As
74.92
34Se
78.96
35Br
79.90
36Kr
83.80
537Rb
85.47
38Sr
87.62
39Y
88.91
40Zr
91.22
41Nb
92.91
42Mo
95.94
43Tc
(98)
44Ru
101.1
45Rh
102.9
46Pd
106.4
47Ag
107.9
48Cd
112.4
49In
114.8
50Sn
118.7
51Sb
121.8
52Te
127.6
53I
126.9
54Xe
131.3
655Cs
132.9
56Ba
137.3
57La
138.9
72Hf
178.5
73Ta
180.9
74W
183.9
75Re
186.2
76Os
190.2
77Ir
192.2
78Pt
195.1
79Au
197.0
80Hg
200.6
81Tl
204.4
82Pb
207.2
83Bi
209.0
84Po
(209)
85At
(210)
86Rn
(222)
787Fr
(223)
88Ra
(226)
89Ac
(227)
104Rf
(261)
105Db
(262)
106Sg
(266)
107Bh
(262)
108Hs
(265)
109Mt
(266)
110
(269)
111
(272)
112
(277)
INNER TRANSITION ELEMENTS
6 Lathanides58Ce
140.1
59Pr
140.9
60Nd
144.2
61Pm
(145)
62Sm
150.4
63Eu
152.0
64Gd
157.3
65Tb
158.9
66Dy
162.5
67Ho
164.9
68Er
167.3
69Tm
168.9
70Yb
173.0
71Lu
175.0
7 Actinides90Th
232.0
91Pa
(231)
92U
238.0
93Np
(237)
94Pu
(242)
95Am
(243)
96Cm
(247)
97Bk
(247)
98Cf
(251)
99Es
(252)
100Fm
(257)
101Md
(258)
102No
(259)
103Lr
(260)
Ideal Gas Constant: R=0.0821 L atm mol-1K-1
1 atm = 760 mm Hg = 760 torr
Period
subshell - designated by s, p,d,f - refers to the shape(s) of the area in which the electron can be located. - also designates an energy level within the shell. - relative energy: s < p < d < f
s subshell: spherical1 orbital
p subshell: pair of lobes
x y z
x
y
z
Our Orbital Picture of Be
The first shell (1s) is filled.The 2s orbital has 2 e- present.The 2p orbitals are empty.The 2p orbitals have room for 6 e-
1A(1)
8A(18)
11H
1.0082A(2)
TRANSITION ELEMENTS 3A(13)
4A(14)
5A(15)
6A(16)
7A(17)
2He
4.003
23Li
6.941
4Be
9.012 8B
5B
10.81
6C
12.01
7N
14.01
8O
16.00
9F
19.00
10Ne
20.18
311Na
22.99
12Mg
24.31
3B(3)
4B(4)
5B(5)
6B(6)
7B(7)
(8) (9) (10) 1B(11)
2B(12)
13Al
26.98
14Si
28.09
15P
30.97
16S
32.07
17Cl
35.45
18Ar
39.95
419K
39.10
20Ca
40.08
21Sc
44.96
22Ti
47.88
23V
50.94
24Cr
52.00
25Mn
54.94
26Fe
55.85
27Co
58.93
28Ni
58.69
29Cu
63.55
30Zn
65.39
31Ga
69.72
32Ge
72.61
33As
74.92
34Se
78.96
35Br
79.90
36Kr
83.80
537Rb
85.47
38Sr
87.62
39Y
88.91
40Zr
91.22
41Nb
92.91
42Mo
95.94
43Tc
(98)
44Ru
101.1
45Rh
102.9
46Pd
106.4
47Ag
107.9
48Cd
112.4
49In
114.8
50Sn
118.7
51Sb
121.8
52Te
127.6
53I
126.9
54Xe
131.3
655Cs
132.9
56Ba
137.3
57La
138.9
72Hf
178.5
73Ta
180.9
74W
183.9
75Re
186.2
76Os
190.2
77Ir
192.2
78Pt
195.1
79Au
197.0
80Hg
200.6
81Tl
204.4
82Pb
207.2
83Bi
209.0
84Po
(209)
85At
(210)
86Rn
(222)
787Fr
(223)
88Ra
(226)
89Ac
(227)
104Rf
(261)
105Db
(262)
106Sg
(266)
107Bh
(262)
108Hs
(265)
109Mt
(266)
110
(269)
111
(272)
112
(277)
INNER TRANSITION ELEMENTS
6 Lathanides58Ce
140.1
59Pr
140.9
60Nd
144.2
61Pm
(145)
62Sm
150.4
63Eu
152.0
64Gd
157.3
65Tb
158.9
66Dy
162.5
67Ho
164.9
68Er
167.3
69Tm
168.9
70Yb
173.0
71Lu
175.0
7 Actinides90Th
232.0
91Pa
(231)
92U
238.0
93Np
(237)
94Pu
(242)
95Am
(243)
96Cm
(247)
97Bk
(247)
98Cf
(251)
99Es
(252)
100Fm
(257)
101Md
(258)
102No
(259)
103Lr
(260)
Ideal Gas Constant: R=0.0821 L atm mol-1K-1
1 atm = 760 mm Hg = 760 torr
Period
1s
The Electronic Configuration of Boron (B)B: Z=5 B has 5 electrons.
2nd shell
2s2p
1s2nd
shell2s
2p
Be 1s22s2
2s
Be 1s
B 1s22s22p1
2p 2s
B 1s
H Chem OBE 2/14/11Create the following drawing in your notes
that shows the electron filling order!
1s
The Electronic Configuration of Carbon (C)C: Z=6 C has 6 electrons.
2nd shell
2s2p
1s2nd
shell2s
2p
B 1s22s22p1
2p 2s
B 1s
C 1s22s22px1py
1
2p 2s
C 1s
Our Orbital Picture of C
The first shell (1s) is filled.The 2s orbital has 2 e- present.2 2p orbitals have 1 e- each.
1A(1)
8A(18)
11H
1.0082A(2)
TRANSITION ELEMENTS 3A(13)
4A(14)
5A(15)
6A(16)
7A(17)
2He
4.003
23Li
6.941
4Be
9.012 8B
5B
10.81
6C
12.01
7N
14.01
8O
16.00
9F
19.00
10Ne
20.18
311Na
22.99
12Mg
24.31
3B(3)
4B(4)
5B(5)
6B(6)
7B(7)
(8) (9) (10) 1B(11)
2B(12)
13Al
26.98
14Si
28.09
15P
30.97
16S
32.07
17Cl
35.45
18Ar
39.95
419K
39.10
20Ca
40.08
21Sc
44.96
22Ti
47.88
23V
50.94
24Cr
52.00
25Mn
54.94
26Fe
55.85
27Co
58.93
28Ni
58.69
29Cu
63.55
30Zn
65.39
31Ga
69.72
32Ge
72.61
33As
74.92
34Se
78.96
35Br
79.90
36Kr
83.80
537Rb
85.47
38Sr
87.62
39Y
88.91
40Zr
91.22
41Nb
92.91
42Mo
95.94
43Tc
(98)
44Ru
101.1
45Rh
102.9
46Pd
106.4
47Ag
107.9
48Cd
112.4
49In
114.8
50Sn
118.7
51Sb
121.8
52Te
127.6
53I
126.9
54Xe
131.3
655Cs
132.9
56Ba
137.3
57La
138.9
72Hf
178.5
73Ta
180.9
74W
183.9
75Re
186.2
76Os
190.2
77Ir
192.2
78Pt
195.1
79Au
197.0
80Hg
200.6
81Tl
204.4
82Pb
207.2
83Bi
209.0
84Po
(209)
85At
(210)
86Rn
(222)
787Fr
(223)
88Ra
(226)
89Ac
(227)
104Rf
(261)
105Db
(262)
106Sg
(266)
107Bh
(262)
108Hs
(265)
109Mt
(266)
110
(269)
111
(272)
112
(277)
INNER TRANSITION ELEMENTS
6 Lathanides58Ce
140.1
59Pr
140.9
60Nd
144.2
61Pm
(145)
62Sm
150.4
63Eu
152.0
64Gd
157.3
65Tb
158.9
66Dy
162.5
67Ho
164.9
68Er
167.3
69Tm
168.9
70Yb
173.0
71Lu
175.0
7 Actinides90Th
232.0
91Pa
(231)
92U
238.0
93Np
(237)
94Pu
(242)
95Am
(243)
96Cm
(247)
97Bk
(247)
98Cf
(251)
99Es
(252)
100Fm
(257)
101Md
(258)
102No
(259)
103Lr
(260)
Ideal Gas Constant: R=0.0821 L atm mol-1K-1
1 atm = 760 mm Hg = 760 torr
Period
d subshell: double dumbells
xy
z2
xz
x
y
yz
x2-y2
1A(1)
8A(18)
11H
1.0082A(2)
TRANSITION ELEMENTS 3A(13)
4A(14)
5A(15)
6A(16)
7A(17)
2He
4.003
23Li
6.941
4Be
9.012 8B
5B
10.81
6C
12.01
7N
14.01
8O
16.00
9F
19.00
10Ne
20.18
311Na
22.99
12Mg
24.31
3B(3)
4B(4)
5B(5)
6B(6)
7B(7)
(8) (9) (10) 1B(11)
2B(12)
13Al
26.98
14Si
28.09
15P
30.97
16S
32.07
17Cl
35.45
18Ar
39.95
419K
39.10
20Ca
40.08
21Sc
44.96
22Ti
47.88
23V
50.94
24Cr
52.00
25Mn
54.94
26Fe
55.85
27Co
58.93
28Ni
58.69
29Cu
63.55
30Zn
65.39
31Ga
69.72
32Ge
72.61
33As
74.92
34Se
78.96
35Br
79.90
36Kr
83.80
537Rb
85.47
38Sr
87.62
39Y
88.91
40Zr
91.22
41Nb
92.91
42Mo
95.94
43Tc
(98)
44Ru
101.1
45Rh
102.9
46Pd
106.4
47Ag
107.9
48Cd
112.4
49In
114.8
50Sn
118.7
51Sb
121.8
52Te
127.6
53I
126.9
54Xe
131.3
655Cs
132.9
56Ba
137.3
57La
138.9
72Hf
178.5
73Ta
180.9
74W
183.9
75Re
186.2
76Os
190.2
77Ir
192.2
78Pt
195.1
79Au
197.0
80Hg
200.6
81Tl
204.4
82Pb
207.2
83Bi
209.0
84Po
(209)
85At
(210)
86Rn
(222)
787Fr
(223)
88Ra
(226)
89Ac
(227)
104Rf
(261)
105Db
(262)
106Sg
(266)
107Bh
(262)
108Hs
(265)
109Mt
(266)
110
(269)
111
(272)
112
(277)
INNER TRANSITION ELEMENTS
6 Lathanides58Ce
140.1
59Pr
140.9
60Nd
144.2
61Pm
(145)
62Sm
150.4
63Eu
152.0
64Gd
157.3
65Tb
158.9
66Dy
162.5
67Ho
164.9
68Er
167.3
69Tm
168.9
70Yb
173.0
71Lu
175.0
7 Actinides90Th
232.0
91Pa
(231)
92U
238.0
93Np
(237)
94Pu
(242)
95Am
(243)
96Cm
(247)
97Bk
(247)
98Cf
(251)
99Es
(252)
100Fm
(257)
101Md
(258)
102No
(259)
103Lr
(260)
Ideal Gas Constant: R=0.0821 L atm mol-1K-1
1 atm = 760 mm Hg = 760 torr
Period
1A(1)
8A(18)
11H
1.0082A(2)
TRANSITION ELEMENTS 3A(13)
4A(14)
5A(15)
6A(16)
7A(17)
2He
4.003
23Li
6.941
4Be
9.012 8B
5B
10.81
6C
12.01
7N
14.01
8O
16.00
9F
19.00
10Ne
20.18
311Na
22.99
12Mg
24.31
3B(3)
4B(4)
5B(5)
6B(6)
7B(7)
(8) (9) (10) 1B(11)
2B(12)
13Al
26.98
14Si
28.09
15P
30.97
16S
32.07
17Cl
35.45
18Ar
39.95
419K
39.10
20Ca
40.08
21Sc
44.96
22Ti
47.88
23V
50.94
24Cr
52.00
25Mn
54.94
26Fe
55.85
27Co
58.93
28Ni
58.69
29Cu
63.55
30Zn
65.39
31Ga
69.72
32Ge
72.61
33As
74.92
34Se
78.96
35Br
79.90
36Kr
83.80
537Rb
85.47
38Sr
87.62
39Y
88.91
40Zr
91.22
41Nb
92.91
42Mo
95.94
43Tc
(98)
44Ru
101.1
45Rh
102.9
46Pd
106.4
47Ag
107.9
48Cd
112.4
49In
114.8
50Sn
118.7
51Sb
121.8
52Te
127.6
53I
126.9
54Xe
131.3
655Cs
132.9
56Ba
137.3
57La
138.9
72Hf
178.5
73Ta
180.9
74W
183.9
75Re
186.2
76Os
190.2
77Ir
192.2
78Pt
195.1
79Au
197.0
80Hg
200.6
81Tl
204.4
82Pb
207.2
83Bi
209.0
84Po
(209)
85At
(210)
86Rn
(222)
787Fr
(223)
88Ra
(226)
89Ac
(227)
104Rf
(261)
105Db
(262)
106Sg
(266)
107Bh
(262)
108Hs
(265)
109Mt
(266)
110
(269)
111
(272)
112
(277)
INNER TRANSITION ELEMENTS
6 Lathanides58Ce
140.1
59Pr
140.9
60Nd
144.2
61Pm
(145)
62Sm
150.4
63Eu
152.0
64Gd
157.3
65Tb
158.9
66Dy
162.5
67Ho
164.9
68Er
167.3
69Tm
168.9
70Yb
173.0
71Lu
175.0
7 Actinides90Th
232.0
91Pa
(231)
92U
238.0
93Np
(237)
94Pu
(242)
95Am
(243)
96Cm
(247)
97Bk
(247)
98Cf
(251)
99Es
(252)
100Fm
(257)
101Md
(258)
102No
(259)
103Lr
(260)
Ideal Gas Constant: R=0.0821 L atm mol-1K-1
1 atm = 760 mm Hg = 760 torr
Period
Atomic Radii within a Group
Lithium (Z=3); n = 2
Sodium (Z=11); n = 3
++
+
e- 2e-
8e-
2e-
++++
e-
+
e-
Hydrogen (Z=1); Shell (n)=1
Lithium (Z=3)n = 2
++
+
e- 2e-
Beryllium (Z=4)n = 2
Boron (Z=5)n = 2
++
+
e- 2e- e-
+ ++
+
e- 2e-e-
e-
++
If protons were light bulbs….and electrons were moths…...
B
e-
e-
e-
Be
e-e-
Li
e-
++
+
e-
2e-
++
+
e- 2e- e-
+
Lithium (Z=3)
++
+
e-
2e-
Beryllium (Z=4) Boron (Z=5)
++
+
e- 2e- e-
+ ++
+
e- 2e-e-
e-
++
In
crea
sin
g
Increasing
1A(1)
8A(18)
11H
1.0082A(2)
TRANSITION ELEMENTS 3A(13)
4A(14)
5A(15)
6A(16)
7A(17)
2He
4.003
23Li
6.941
4Be
9.012 8B
5B
10.81
6C
12.01
7N
14.01
8O
16.00
9F
19.00
10Ne
20.18
311Na
22.99
12Mg
24.31
3B(3)
4B(4)
5B(5)
6B(6)
7B(7)
(8) (9) (10) 1B(11)
2B(12)
13Al
26.98
14Si
28.09
15P
30.97
16S
32.07
17Cl
35.45
18Ar
39.95
419K
39.10
20Ca
40.08
21Sc
44.96
22Ti
47.88
23V
50.94
24Cr
52.00
25Mn
54.94
26Fe
55.85
27Co
58.93
28Ni
58.69
29Cu
63.55
30Zn
65.39
31Ga
69.72
32Ge
72.61
33As
74.92
34Se
78.96
35Br
79.90
36Kr
83.80
537Rb
85.47
38Sr
87.62
39Y
88.91
40Zr
91.22
41Nb
92.91
42Mo
95.94
43Tc
(98)
44Ru
101.1
45Rh
102.9
46Pd
106.4
47Ag
107.9
48Cd
112.4
49In
114.8
50Sn
118.7
51Sb
121.8
52Te
127.6
53I
126.9
54Xe
131.3
655Cs
132.9
56Ba
137.3
57La
138.9
72Hf
178.5
73Ta
180.9
74W
183.9
75Re
186.2
76Os
190.2
77Ir
192.2
78Pt
195.1
79Au
197.0
80Hg
200.6
81Tl
204.4
82Pb
207.2
83Bi
209.0
84Po
(209)
85At
(210)
86Rn
(222)
787Fr
(223)
88Ra
(226)
89Ac
(227)
104Rf
(261)
105Db
(262)
106Sg
(266)
107Bh
(262)
108Hs
(265)
109Mt
(266)
110
(269)
111
(272)
112
(277)
INNER TRANSITION ELEMENTS
6 Lathanides58Ce
140.1
59Pr
140.9
60Nd
144.2
61Pm
(145)
62Sm
150.4
63Eu
152.0
64Gd
157.3
65Tb
158.9
66Dy
162.5
67Ho
164.9
68Er
167.3
69Tm
168.9
70Yb
173.0
71Lu
175.0
7 Actinides90Th
232.0
91Pa
(231)
92U
238.0
93Np
(237)
94Pu
(242)
95Am
(243)
96Cm
(247)
97Bk
(247)
98Cf
(251)
99Es
(252)
100Fm
(257)
101Md
(258)
102No
(259)
103Lr
(260)
Ideal Gas Constant: R=0.0821 L atm mol-1K-1
1 atm = 760 mm Hg = 760 torr
Period
H. Chemistry OBE 2/16/11
Of the elements Mg, Cl, Na, and P which would have the largest atomic radius? Explain this in terms of trends in the periodic table (periodicity).
++
+
e-
2e-
++
+
e- 2e- e-
+ ++
+
e- 2e-e-
e-
++
First Ionization Energy
Lithium (Z=3)
Sodium (Z=11)
Hydrogen (Z=1)
+ e-
++
+
e-
8e-
2e-
++++
e-
+
e-H+
++
+
e- 2e-
Li+
e-
8e-
2e-
++++
Na+
First Ionization Energy
++
+
e-
Lithium (Z=3)
8e-
Sodium (Z=11)
2e-
2e-
++++
e-
+
Hydrogen (Z=1)
e-
D
ecre
asin
g
Lithium (Z=3)3 protons screened
by 2 e-
++
+
e-
2e-
Beryllium (Z=4)4 protons screened
by 2 e-
Boron (Z=5) 5 protons screened
by 2 e-
++
+
e- 2e- e-
+ ++
+
e- 2e-e-
e-
++
1 e- removed = 2s0 1 e- removed = 2s1 1 e- removed = 2s22p0
D
ecre
asin
g Decreasing
Lithium (Z=3)3 protons screened
by 2 e-
++
+
e-
2e-
Beryllium (Z=4)4 protons screened
by 2 e-
Boron (Z=5) 5 protons screened
by 2 e-
++
+
e-
2e- e-
+ ++
+
e- 2e-e-
e-
++
D
ecre
asin
g Decreasing
In
crea
sin
g
Increasing
Trends in the Periodic Table
Atomic Radii (Size)
First Ionization Energy
D
ecre
asin
g Decreasing
Electron Affinity
++
+
e-
Fluorine (Z=9)
8e-
Chlorine (Z=17)
2e-
2e-
++++
7e-
7e-
++
+
2e-
8e-
F-
e-
8e-
2e-
++++
8e-
Cl-
Trends in the Periodic Table
D
ecre
asin
g
Decreasing
Electron Affinity
First Ionization Energy
D
ecre
asin
g Decreasing
Predicting Stable Ions
8e-
Sodium (Z=11)
2e-
++++
e-
e-
8e-
2e-
++++
Na+
8e-
Chlorine (Z=17)
2e-
++++
7e-
e-
8e-
2e-
++++
8e-
Cl-