Electron config
Jun 23, 2015
ppt on electron configuration AS chemistry
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•The electron configuration of an atom is the representation of the arrangement of electrons that are distributed among the orbital shells and subshells. •Commonly, the electron configuration is used to describe the orbitals of an atom in its ground state, but it can also be used to represent an atom that has ionized into a cation (positively-charged ion) or anion (negatively-charged ion) by compensating with the loss of or gain of electrons in their subsequent orbitals. •Many of the physical and chemical properties of elements can be correlated to their unique electron configurations. •The valence electrons, electrons on the outer most shell, become the determining factor for the unique chemistry of the element.
WHAT IS ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION?
Why DO WE NEED TO know electron conFigurations
?
The electron configuration of an atomic group (neutral or ionic) allows us to understand the shape and energy of its electrons. Knowing the electron configuration of a species gives us a better understanding of its bonding ability, magnetism and other chemical properties
Energy sub-levels
•Each electron shell refers to a specific energy level•Within each energy level electrons are found in sub-levels•Within a sub-level electrons are found in orbitals•There can be a maximum of two electrons in any orbital•The lowest energy orbitals are filled first
s orbitals
• The lowest energy orbital within each energy level.
• Basically a sphere.• Increases in size each energy level
p orbitals• There are three p orbitals lying on the three axes (x, y
and z).• Almost like a figure 8.
d orbitals• There are 5 d orbitals. • Three are found lying
between two of the three axes (xy, yz and xz). One lies along the x and y axes (x2 – y2) and the last lies along the z axis (z2).
Maximum Number of Electrons In Each SublevelMaximum Number of Electrons In Each Sublevel
Maximum Number Sublevel Number of Orbitals of Electrons
s 1 2
p 3 6
d 5 10
f 7 14
LeMay Jr, Beall, Robblee, Brower, Chemistry Connections to Our Changing World , 1996, page 146
Order in which subshells are filled
with electrons1s
2s
3s
4s
5s
6s
7s
2p
3p
4p
5p
6p
3d
4d
5d
6d
4f
5f
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d … 2 2 6 2 6 2 10 6 2 10
4f
4d
4p
4s
n = 4
3d
3p
3s
n = 3
2p
2sn = 2
1sn = 1
Ener
gy
Sublevels
2s
3s
4s
5s
6s
7s
1s
2p
3p
4p
5p
6p
3d
4d
5d
6d
4f
5f
1s
2s2p
3s
3p4s4p
3d
4d5s
5p6s
7s6p
6d
4f
5f
5d
Ener
gy
Electron capacitiesElectron
capacities
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Benjamin Cummings. All rights reserved.
Electron capacitiesElectron
capacities
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Benjamin Cummings. All rights reserved.
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Energy Level Diagram
Arbi
trar
y En
ergy
Sca
le
1s
2s 2p
3s 3p
4s 4p 3d
5s 5p 4d
6s 6p 5d 4f
NUCLEUS
Bohr Model
Electron Configuration
CLICK ON ELEMENT TO FILL IN CHARTS
N
H He Li C N Al Ar F Fe La
Energy Level Diagram
Arbi
trar
y En
ergy
Sca
le
1s
2s 2p
3s 3p
4s 4p 3d
5s 5p 4d
6s 6p 5d 4f
NUCLEUS
Bohr Model
Electron Configuration
CLICK ON ELEMENT TO FILL IN CHARTS
N
H = 1s1
Hydrogen
H He Li C N Al Ar F Fe La
Energy Level Diagram
Arbi
trar
y En
ergy
Sca
le
1s
2s 2p
3s 3p
4s 4p 3d
5s 5p 4d
6s 6p 5d 4f
NUCLEUS
Bohr Model
Electron Configuration
CLICK ON ELEMENT TO FILL IN CHARTS
N
He = 1s2
Helium
H He Li C N Al Ar F Fe La
Energy Level Diagram
Arbi
trar
y En
ergy
Sca
le
1s
2s 2p
3s 3p
4s 4p 3d
5s 5p 4d
6s 6p 5d 4f
NUCLEUS
Bohr Model
Electron Configuration
CLICK ON ELEMENT TO FILL IN CHARTS
N
Li = 1s22s1
Lithium
H He Li C N Al Ar F Fe La
Energy Level Diagram
Arbi
trar
y En
ergy
Sca
le
1s
2s 2p
3s 3p
4s 4p 3d
5s 5p 4d
6s 6p 5d 4f
NUCLEUS
Bohr Model
Electron Configuration
CLICK ON ELEMENT TO FILL IN CHARTS
N
C = 1s22s22p2
Carbon
H He Li C N Al Ar F Fe La
Energy Level Diagram
Arbi
trar
y En
ergy
Sca
le
1s
2s 2p
3s 3p
4s 4p 3d
5s 5p 4d
6s 6p 5d 4f
NUCLEUS
Electron Configuration
CLICK ON ELEMENT TO FILL IN CHARTS
N
N = 1s22s22p3
Bohr Model
Nitrogen
Hund’s Rule “maximum number of unpaired
orbitals”.
H He Li C N Al Ar F Fe La
Energy Level Diagram
Arbi
trar
y En
ergy
Sca
le
1s
2s 2p
3s 3p
4s 4p 3d
5s 5p 4d
6s 6p 5d 4f
NUCLEUS
Bohr Model
Electron Configuration
CLICK ON ELEMENT TO FILL IN CHARTS
N
F = 1s22s22p5
Fluorine
H He Li C N Al Ar F Fe La
Energy Level Diagram
Arbi
trar
y En
ergy
Sca
le
1s
2s 2p
3s 3p
4s 4p 3d
5s 5p 4d
6s 6p 5d 4f
NUCLEUS
Bohr Model
Electron Configuration
CLICK ON ELEMENT TO FILL IN CHARTS
N
Al = 1s22s22p63s23p1
Aluminum
H He Li C N Al Ar F Fe La
Energy Level Diagram
Arbi
trar
y En
ergy
Sca
le
1s
2s 2p
3s 3p
4s 4p 3d
5s 5p 4d
6s 6p 5d 4f
NUCLEUS
Electron Configuration
CLICK ON ELEMENT TO FILL IN CHARTS
N
Ar = 1s22s22p63s23p6
Bohr Model
Argon
H He Li C N Al Ar F Fe La
Energy Level Diagram
Arbi
trar
y En
ergy
Sca
le
1s
2s 2p
3s 3p
4s 4p 3d
5s 5p 4d
6s 6p 5d 4f
NUCLEUS
CLICK ON ELEMENT TO FILL IN CHARTS
Fe = 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d6
N
H He Li C N Al Ar F Fe La
Bohr Model
Iron
Electron Configuration
Energy Level Diagram
Arbi
trar
y En
ergy
Sca
le
1s
2s 2p
3s 3p
4s 4p 3d
5s 5p 4d
6s 6p 5d 4f
NUCLEUS
CLICK ON ELEMENT TO FILL IN CHARTS
La = 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d10
4s23d104p65s24d105p66s25d1
N
H He Li C N Al Ar F Fe La
Bohr Model
Lanthanum
Electron Configuration
neon's electron configuration (1s22s22p6)
Shorthand Configuration
[Ne] 3s1
third energy level
one electron in the s orbital
orbital shape
Na = [1s22s22p6] 3s1 electron configuration
A
B
C
D
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