Electromobility for Commercial Vehicles – Challenges ... - AVL

Volvo Group Truck Technology, Henrik Svenningstorp

Electromobility for Commercial Vehicles –Challenges and opportunities

Henrik Svenningstorp

GTT/TPP/ATR/EEE/

Alternative Vehicle Efficiency

Electro Mobility Program


Electro mobility, not an evolution but rather a major revolution of the conventional transport solution

Henrik Svenningstorp

Energy Efficiency & Environment


The world is growing by 250.000 persons per day requiring new transport solutions


Road Traffic Accidents accounts

for more than 1.100.000 deaths

per year!


Photo: Dettifoss, Iceland

Present consumption rate of fossil oil based fuels amounts to

approximately 200 tons/sec

Environmental impact

600 ton CO2/sec

Long term oil availability


Long term technology plan

CO2 and Energy Efficiency

Product and Traffic Safety

Transport Solutions

Manufacturing technologies

Material technologies

Electrical & Embedded System technologies


CO2 challenges/demands for Europe Heavy Duty Transport:- Consequence of 55% CO2 reduction to 2050?

Cecilia Gunnarsson, Staffan Lundgren, Sylvain Coppéré, Bengt Thompson

An

nu

al

Mto

ns C

O2eq

em

itte

d b

y r

un

nin

g M

D &

HD

tru

ck

fleet

Fleet depending yearly Fuel Economy savings for a new trucks

3%

2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

(Volvo interpretation: 55 % reduction demand for Heavy Duty Vehicles to 2050)EU transport white paper challenge towards 2050!

55% transport vol. increase

(IEA)

40% transport vol. increase

Volvo estimate (Wite paper)

Political challenge

Years

(Data used from : EU White paper from 2011, TREMOVE 3.3.2 , and data on current EU vehicle mileage & scrapping out rates vs time)

2012

Calculation of CO2 emissions from all

EU MD & HD Trucks


Fossil oil availability for Europe Heavy Duty Transport:- Consequence of IEA WEO New Policy Scenario Levels?

Cecilia Gunnarsson, Staffan Lundgren, Sylvain Coppéré, Bengt Thompson

NPS band for EU oil

availability

Bil

lon

lit

ers

of

die

sel co

nsu

med

by r

un

nin

g M

D &

HD

tru

ck

fleet

40 % transport volume growth

2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

2%

Years

(Data used from : World Energy Outlook 2013, TREMOVE 3.3.2, and data on current EU vehicle mileage & scrapping out rates vs time.)

NPS = IEA World Energy Outlook’s New Policies

Scenario data

Calculation of Oil need for all EU MD & HD

Trucks



10

1769, Nicolas Cugnot

1908, Henry Ford

1885 Karl Benz introduction of the petrol fuelled engine

1892 Rudolf Diesel, Compression Ignition IC engine

1876 Nicolaus August Otto, Four stroke piston cycle

1839 Sir William Robert Grove first successful test of hydrogen fuel cell

1800 Count Alessandro Volta invents the battery


11

First HEV (Series Hybrid)ICE/generator, lead acid battery and wheel hub motors

Jacob Lohner & Co, 1899.

Development engineer: Ferdinand Porsche


12

Power Electronic

Converter

Lithium Ion

Battery

El-drive to series hybrid system

Gear boxEl-motorRange extender


13

Power Electronic

Converter

Lithium Ion

Battery

Series hybrid system to parallel

Gear boxEl-motorRange extender


14

Power Electronic

Converter

Lithium Ion

Battery

Our parallel hybrid system - ISAM

Gear boxEl-motor


15

I-SAM

• A parallel hybrid solution is normally cheaper, lighter and more energy efficient than a serial

• Packaging, emission control and high amount of

electric drive can push towards a serial hybrid

solution


16

Hybrid technology


Why hybridize long haul HDTs?

30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

mass (tonne)

Pow

er (k

W)

-5%

-4%

-3%

-2%

-1%

5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15-120

-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

mass (tonne)

Pow

er (k

W)

-5%

-4%

-3%

-2%

-1%

~120 kW excess traction

power is available when a 40 ton truck runs downhill in 2-

3% slope.

~0 kW excess traction power is

available when a 10 ton truck runs downhill in 2-3% slope.


Battery requirements for electric propulsion

45 000 tons of batteries. The take off weight is 413 tons ! Not possible!

10 kg for 10 km Possible!



20 tons for 1000 km Not possible!Comb

Drive!

El Drive

=

Plug In !

Battery operation alone not possible for

Long Haul/Coach …


19

Future challenges

• Cost reduction

– Finding internal and external synergies

• Finding new features

• System integration

– Maintained commonality

• Optimizing/Sizing the system

– Keeping it flexible

• Timing of new products is of the essence

• Charging strategy!!



Alternative solutions + / -

Inductive Conductive

Top • Unrealistic due to size and weight

• Low efficiency

• Visual impression

• Already in use

• Low cost

• Does not work for cars

• Visual impression

Side • Works for all road vehicles

• Unsafe for objects on roadside

• Low efficiency

• Heavy, bulky and expensive

• Only one lane possible

• Works for all road vehicles

• Low cost

• Unsafe for objects on roadside

• Only one lane possible

Under • Rugged and Safe

• Expensive

• Low efficiency

• EMC

• Works for all road vehicles

• Low cost

• High efficiency

• Safe and rugged?



• Heavy-duty vehicles make up a small fraction of the number of the vehicles on the road, but they

account for about 20% of the fuel consumed.

• Therefore a reduction of fuel consumption for HD trucks will have a large impact on total CO2

emissions.



• Since a long haul truck often runs for about 150 000 km per year, the annual saving of diesel

can be significant even if the relative saving is lower than for medium duty distribution.


Technology & Product Development

Electromobility for Commercial Vehicles – Challenges ... - AVL

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