This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
AD-Ai33 384 EMIC (ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY) STANDARDS HANDBOOK f/2REVISION 4(U) ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY ANALYSISCENTER ANNAPOLIS MD R B SCHULZ NOV 82 ECAC-HDBK-82-043
MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHARTNATIONAL BUREAU OF STANOARDS-1963-A
ECAC-HDBK-82-043
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSEElectromagnetic Compatibility Analysis Center
Annapolis, Maryland 21402
|0 QEMC STANDARDS HANDBOOKRevision 4
NOVEMBER 1982
Prepared byRichard B. Schulz , OCT 6 1983
IiT Research InstituteUnder Contract to -
_- {.Department of Defense
foT ;l;bliz rlA e :r
dit'ibution i.; ur.r
~. .
.5 - . .
ECAC-HDBK-82-043
This report was prepared by the lIT Research Institute as part of AFProject 649E under Contract F-19628-80-C-0042 with the Electronic SystemsDivision of the Air Pbrce Systems Command in support of the DoDElectromagnetic Compatibility Analysis Center, Annapolis, Maryland.
This report has been reviewed and is approved for publication.
Reviewed by
R. B. SCHULZ KALLE R. KONTSONProject Manager, IITRI Assistant Director
Contractor Operations
Approved by
CHARLES L. FLYNIR, Col, USA A. M. MESSERDirector Chief, Plans & Resources Mgt.
UNCLASSIFIEDSECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Det Entered)
READ INSTRUCTIONSREPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE 3BEFORE COMPLETING FORMI. REPORT NUMBER }2. GOVT ACCESSION NO. 3. RECIPIENT*S CATALOG NUMBER
ECAC-HDBK-82-043 - _ _ _ _ _
4. TITLE (and Subtitle) S. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED
EMC STANDARDS HANDBOOKREVISION 4
6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER
7. AUTNOR(q) S. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(s)
Richard B. Schulz F-19628-80-C-0042
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT, PROJECT TASKAREA & WORK UNIT NUMBERS"DoD Electromagnetic Compatibility Analysis
Center, North Severn, Annapolis, MD 21402 P0375
It. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS 12. REPORT DATE
November 1982I3. NUMBER OF PAGES
-12014. MONITORING AGENCY NAME & ADDRESS(iI different fros Controlling Office) IS. SECURITY CLASS. (of thl report)
UNCLASSIFITE'D
15a. DECL ASSI FICATION/ DOWNGRADINGSCHEDULE
16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of thle Report)
UNLIMITED 7
17. DISTRIGUTIONwSTATEMENT (of tho abetract entered In Block 20, It different from Report)
IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Previous editions of this handbook should be destroyed.
19. KEY WORDS (Continue on reveree eide It neceeeary and identify by block number)
STANDARDS LIGHTNING VOLUNTARYSPECIFICATIONS COMMUNICATIONS FOREIGN NATIONALEMC DoD INTERNATIONAL
/- " RADHAZ FEDERAL NATO
( 20. ABSTRACT (Continue on revere side It neceeeary and Identify by block number).... . Information on EMC-related standards, specifications, handbooks, and
regulations is presented that includes bases, scopes, interrelationships,and applications. Emphasis is on DOD documents, although non-DoD documentsare also included. Among the other categories are NATO, Federal, voluntary,foreign national, and international documents. Technical disciplines coveredinclude EMC and RADHAZ with lightning added (not separately listed).Although many areas of application are included, emphasis is placed on DoD--(continued on next page)
DD O 1473 EDITION OF I NOV 65 IS OBSOLETE UNCLASSIFIED
SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (*hen Date Entered)
UNCLASSIFIED
SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PA0S(WhM D890 EnMOO
20. ABSTRACT (Continued)
tactical and long-haul communications.
New material in this fourth revision includes 53 substantivechanges in table entries and related text. Also, a section on majorfeatures of EMC-related standards was deleted due to obsolescence.Two valuable additions are indexes by numbers and subjects of standardsThe number of documents cited is 222.
- -A K
IA.'."
'Dis
UNCLASSIFIEDSECURITY CLASSIFICATION 0 THIS PAGE(Iten Dats Efn1oE)
• ii
ENovember 1982EMCii,.;, STANDARDS HANDBOOK RVISON ATE SECTION-PAGE
federal government systems. State government and civilian systems abide by
regulations of the FCC.
To the extent that standards and specifications become incorporated into
contracts between DoD and industry, their provisions are legally binding uponthe contractor (and DoD). When inadequately designated or improperlyfollowed, they often lead to increased costs and delays in the introduction
of new hardware. In the past, such requirements frequently had been waived
(after the fact) by DoD project managers who were pinched by budget
constraints, rising costs, and scheduling delays.
DoD Policy Objectives on Application of Standards and Specifications
A recent change in DoD policy 1-1 with respect to the application of
standards and specifications is not yet fully appreciated by many users. Let
us attempt to explain the new policy in the light of former policy and current
associated philosophy.
Former policy and associated philosophy involved "past emphasis on
achieving maximum performance without regard to cost, to the institutionalized
attitude that specifications and standards were mandatory and had to be
applied in their entirety, and to the lack of emphasis on the proper
application and tailoring of documents to a specific need" (see Reference 1-1).
This situation was recognized and resulted in a policy change. Under the
new policy (see Reference 1-1), the provisions of standards and specifications
are to be tailored for each given materiel acquisition. Tailoring is defined
in the Directive as (see Reference 1-1):.4
1-1Department of Defense Specifications and Standards Applications, DoDDirective 4120.21, Washington, DC, 9 April 1977.
November 1982 1-11EMC
STANDARDS HANDBOOK REVISION OATE SECTION-PAGE
The process by which the individual requirements (sections,paragraphs, or sentences) of the selected specifications andstandards are evaluated to determine the extent to which eachrequirement is most suitable for a specific materiel acquisitionand the modification of these requirements, where necessary, toassure that each tailored document invoked states only theminimum needs of the Government.
By so doing, the objective is to make all levels of managementaware of the need to assure more cost-effective utilization ofspecifications and standards in materiel acquistion; thatspecifications and standards are susceptible to selectiveapplication and tailoring to a particular program; and thatthese documents must be applied and tailored by giving dueconsideration to required performance versus costs and achievementof minimum required operational needs.
DoD Policy on Tailoring
For large systems, selected and modified requirements were made a part of
a control plan that became a contractual document to supersede standards and
specifications. Thus, tailoring was actually being practiced in the
development and design of many large systems, 1- 2 but the misapplication and
insufficient tailoring of specifications and standards in defense acquisition
programs sometimes have led to increased costs and delays in the introduction
of new hardware.
Obviously, this situation needs improvement. To this end, application of
the tailoring process of DoD components is to consist of the following
elements (see Reference 1-2):
A. Specifications and standards used in acquisition programs shall beselectively applied and tailored to impose the minimum essentialsystem needs.
1 "2 Department of Defense, Tailoring Guide for Application of Standards andSpecifications in Naval Weapons Systems Acquisitions, MIL-IDBK-248,Washington, DC, I April 1977.
%
• ,° . °o .o - ..-- . . . .
EMC November 1982 1-12
STANDARDS HANDBOOK REVISiON DATE SECTION-PAGE
B. Data requirements to be imposed in acquisition programs shall beconsistent with the tailored requirements imposed by the governingspecifications and standards and the policies enunciated in DODDirective 5000.19.13
C. The blanket contractual imposition of specifications and standards inacquisition programs shall be avoided and controlled to the maximumpractical extent.
D. A management review board shall examine all acquisition programs toassure that the specifications, standards, and Data Item Descriptionsused have been tailored.
E. The results of the document application and tailoring process shallbe made a matter of permanent record, certified, and made availableto the review board.
F. When consistent with the proposed procurement methodrecommendations or comments shall be solicited from prospectivecontractors during the acquisition process to determine whetheradditional cost-effective application and tailoring of citedspecifications and standards can be accomplished, or cost-effectivesubstitutions proposed.
The portent of the tailoring policy to ECAC project engineers is to
decrease the usefulness of standards as a generic source of EMC requirements,
unless access is also available to the permanent record of any given tailoring
application (Item E above). Since a record does not exist for systems yet to
be developed, the margin of uncertainity for them in the usefulness of
limiting values in standards is increased.
DoD Policy on Adoption of Voluntary Standards
For many years, DoD has had a policy to adopt the standards of non-
government organizations (called voluntary standards) instead of using federal
standards, where applicable. This policy has been only rarely followed until
recently. Now, a concerted effort exists to adopt such standards in order to
" 1 -3 Department of Defense, Policies for the Management and Control ofInformation Requirements, DoD Directive 5000.19, Washington, DC,12 March 1976.
EMC November 1982 1-13
STANDARDS HANDBOOK REVISION DATE SECTION-PAGE
save money in procurement, notwithstanding the savings in not generating and
updating standards. (Even a modest-sized standard is estimated to cost over
$100,000 to produce.)
The implication of this trend is that voluntary standards are becoming
more important due to wider application. Thus, a significant portion of this
handbook deals with them.
DOD Electromagnetic Compatibility Standardization (EMCS) Program
The DoD Directive 3222.31-4 established the DoD Electromagnetic
Compatibility" Program and placed the responsibility for standardization with
the Secretary of the Navy or his designee. The Office of Technical Data,
Standardization Polic, and Quality Assurance (I&L) designated the Naval
Electronic Systems Command as the Area Assignee Activity for EMC in its memo
of 31 August 1967. The scope of the Electromagnetic Compatibility
Standardization Program (EMCS) was revised by OASD (DIECO) in their memo of 20
May 1972 to read as follows:
- .complete range of component, circuit, equipment, subsystem and systemelectromagnetic compatibiity (EMC). Included are: 1) related standardsfor prediction, measurement, and validation for EMC and 2) standardizationactivities for electromagnetic radiation hazards as related to personnel,ordnance, fuels, and electronic hardware.
Action is being taken to coordinate the EMCS with other DoD and government
agencies concerned with EMC and radiation hazards, such as the Federal
Communications Commission (FCC), Federal Aviation Administration (FAA),
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Aeronautics and Space
Telecommunications and information Administration (NTIA), National Bureau of
1"4Department of Defense Department of Defense Electromagnetic CompatibilityProgram (DTACCS), DoD Directive 3222.3, Washington, DC, 5 July 1967(Change 1, 27 September 1972).
7 7 1 . . . . . , . . .. . .
ENovember 1982 1-14EMC
STANDARDS HANDBOOK REVISION DATE SECTION-PAGE
A'
Standards (NBS), Bureau of Radiological Health (BRH), and the General Services
Administration (GSA). International standardization efforts in the EMC area
are also being monitored through participation in NATO and International
Electrotechnical Commission standards groups.
Industry is being kept abreast of activities in this program and will
continue to be informed of developments and documents in the EMCS through the
various industry associations, such as Aerospace Industries Association (AIA),
American National Standards Institute (ANSI/C63 and C95), Electronic
Industries Association (EIA/G46), Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics
(RTCA), SAE (SAE/AE-4), and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers (IEEE/S27).
'
o ...
EMC November 1982 2-1
STANDARDS HANDBOOK REVISION DATE SECTION-PAGE
SECTION 2
U.S. NATIONAL EMC/RADHAZ STANDARDIZATION AND REGULATION
DoD STANDARDIZATION
DOD EMC standards, specifications, and handbooks are related in
accordance with Figure 2-1. The initial part of the document number for
standards is MIL-STD-; for specifications, MIL-X-, where X is a letter
identifying the technical area (E for electrical); and for handbooks, MIL-
HDBK-.
In the tables that follow, standards are positioned first, specifications
second, and handbooks third. The tables encompass the following subject
areas:
Table Subject
2-1 Basic Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
2-2 Basic Radiation Hazards (RADHAZ)
2-3 Basic Communications with EMC Requirements
2-4 Miscellaneous Subject Areas with EMC and RADHAZ
Requirements
For comprehensive guidance in the RADHAZ area, refer to the Radiation
Hazards Handbook.2- 1
DoD-RELATED STANDARDIZATION
In addition to the military departments under DoD, various federal
agencies related to, or cooperating with, DoD also issue standards and
specifications containing E4C requirements. Among these are the following:
2-1Schulz, R. B., Radiation Hazards Hanbook, Revision 2, ECAC-HDBK-82-005,ECAC, Annapolis, MD, November 1982.
. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .o *. . . ..*
EMC November 1982 2-2STANDARDS HANDBOOK REVISION DATE SECTION-PAGE
FOREIGN NATIONAL EMC STANDARDIZATION AND REGULATION
" INTRODUCTION
For moet ;muropean countries, the interference-control regulations will
eventually be unified and will be based upon a European Economic Community
Directive that is being developed. The directive is based upon the
International Electrotechnical Commission, International Special Committee on
Radio Interference (IEC/CISPR) recommendations and publications. Since West
Germany's interference regulations are harmonized with IEC/CISPR
recommendations, it is expected that most countries in Europe will follow West
Germany's approach to interference control.
GERMAN INTERFERENCE-CONTROL LAWS
In the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany), the interference-
control laws have been written and the technical and administrative
organizations have been established to enforce the limits. The International
Telecommunications Union Treaty of 1947 is the foundation of the "Law for the
Operation of High Frequeny Apparatus, dated 9 August 1949." The law assigns
the responsibility of interference control to the Minister fuer das Post und
Fermeldewesen (DP-FTZ) (FTZ, Referat C-24. Am Kavalleriesand, D-6100
Darmstadt, West Germany) who enforces the administrative regulation that
stipulates if equipment meets a specified interference limit (i.e., VDE 0875),
a "General Permit" is issued. The proof of compliance with the limits is the
"Radio Protection Emblem" issued by the VDE Testing Station that must he
affixed to the equipment.
VDE Organizations
The VDE consists of three distinct organizations that work together to
advance electrotechnology. Verband Deutscher Elektrotechniker (VDE) is the
Association of German Electrical Engineers, which consists of dues-payinq
members. As part of this voluntary effort, the VDE Regulations arc prepared
EMC November 1982 3-2
STANDARDS HANDBOOK REVISION DATE SECTION-PAGE
by VDE Standards Committees (VDE Normen Ausschuss). Individual regulations
are written for personnel safety, consumer protection, reliability, and to
harmonize German and international standards. Each new regulation has a well-
% publicized review that is coordinated with the German Standards Institute
(Deutches Institute fuer Normen, DIN) and the German Electrotechnical
ommission (Deutsche Elektrotechnische Kommission, DEK). New VDE regulations
also receive a DIN number that is based on the last three digits of the VDE
number, e.g., VDE 0874, 10 73, becomes DIN 57874.
, The second organization is the VDE Publishing House (VDE Verlag) with
d offices in Berlin (1 Berlin 12, Bismarkstrasse 33) and Offenbach (D-6050
Offenbach, Merianstrasse 29). The VDE regulations and draft regulations may be
ordered from either office.
*' The third organization is the VDE Testing Station (VDE Pruefstelle) at
D-6050 Offenbach, Merianstrasse 28. The VDE Testing Station has been in
existence since 1920.
VDE Terting Station
The VDE Testing Station is a quasi-independent institution of the
Association of German Electrical Engineers (VDE). Management of the VDE
Testing Station is controlled by the Board of the Testing Station of the VDE,
a standing committee that determines the work areas and fee structure and
draws its members from firms which have an interest in the work of the testing
station. The Director of the VDE Testing Station is responsible for the
management of the testing station and for the proper performance of the
tests. The Director makes the decision to grant, reject, or withdraw the
permission to use a VDE Emblem. All of the decisions of the testing station
may be contested by filing a complaint with the VDE Board. The work areas and
fees of the testing station are determined by the VDE Board. The work of the
.. testing station is chartered to be for the common good and extends over the
following areas:
a a
. . . . . . .
. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
November 1982 3-3
EMCSTANDARDS HANDBOOK REVISION DATE SECTION-PAGE
1. Safety tests for the VDE Emblem
2. Radio-frequency interference-suppression tests
3. Qualification tests for electronic components
4. General investigations
5. Administration of the VDE Testing Station.
The measurement of radio-frequency interference originating from
electrical appliances and the effectiveness of interference-suppression
measures was undertaken by the testing station in 1951. Contractual
agreements between the German Postal Service and the VDE are the basis for the
RFI measurements by the VDE. The VDE issues certificates of compliance for(1) equipment that generates RF energy intentionally (VDE 0871) and (2) radio
and television receivers (VDE 0872.) The German Postal Service then issues a
test number that must be affixed to the equipment. For equipment that
generates interference as a by-product (VDE 0875), the VDE issues a permit to
use the "Radio Protection Mark" that must be affixed to the equipment.
EMC-related standards of West Germany are listed in TABLE 3-1.
CANADIAN EMC STANDARDS
Canadian standards are issued by the Canadian Standards Association (CSA)
which, chartered in 1919 and accredited by the Standards Council of Canada to
the National Standards System in 1973, is a not-for-profit, non-statutory,
voluntary membership association engaged in standards development and
certification activities.
CSA standards, by reason of Association procedures, reflect a national
consensus of producers and users -- including manufacturers, consumers,
retailers, unions and professional organizations, and governmental agencies.
The standards are used widely by industry and commerce and often adopted into
regulations by municipal, provincial, and federal governments, particularly in
the fields of health, safety, and the environment.
C22.4 No. 101-1972 Co ers the requirements andElectromagnetic interference accessories for the measure-Nassurinq Instrmnts met of levels of elactro-
magnetic interference, bothconducted and radiated, as setforth in related Cgh Stendardsan Tolerable Limits of Mildome not necessarily describe asingle instrument.
C22.4 go. 104-1974 Tolerable SAX JS$1.Limits and Methods of
easrement of RadioInterference from Vehiclesand Other Devices HavingInternal CombustionRniinem
C22.4 No. 106 - 1971 Applied to radiation and con-Tolerable Limits of ductieo of RI power liable toEloctromagnetic Interference from cause interference from any
dRado Frequency Generators -- apparatus not licensed by theIndustrial. Sciontific, and Department of CommnicationsrMdical for radio comnication but
which Contains en RI generator
liable to cause radiation atsny frequency.
C22.4 No. 107 - 1949 (R1964) Applies to radio interferenceTolerable Limits and Special (both transient and sinasoidal)Methods of Measurement of Radio originating on any part ofInterference from Wire commmnication or signalCommunication and Signal System system.(I errata)
C108.1.1 - 1977 Sets forth the characteristicsElectromagnetic interference of an instrument conforming toMeasuring Instruments - CISPA CISPR requirements for theType measuremnt of MI, both con-
dUsted and radated, in thefrequency range 0.15 to 1000 NIb,a set forth in related CSAStandard@ on Tolerable Lnitsof l .
C108.3.1 - 1975 Applies to electromagnetic inter-Tolerable Limits and mthods of ference originating withMeasurement of iEloctroagnetic so electric power lines andInterference from Alternating associated generating andCurrent High Voltage Power distributing stations for volt-System 0.15 WN - 30 Me ages up to 765 kV phase-to-phame.
Frequency limits apply from0.15 to 30 14m.
C106.5.4 - 1975TolerabLe Liaits and Mthodsof Measurement of LineConducted Interference fromLow Voltage Apparatus(0.49 How - 30 NIo)
CR-i, A5 1970 Limits for radio noise from anRadio Interference 13 redio-frquency generatorRegulations (IIR-9) that is used in Canada.
U-I-J Issue I Sets forth interference limitsInterference Uits & and test procedure to determineTest Procedures for Airborne compliance with the requirementslectronic qupipment intent of the reinvant Radio Standards
Specifications under the follow-ing conditions: airborne radioand radar equipment shall operatesatisfactorily alone and withother such equipment that may beinstalled nearby.
Z65-19"6 Compliance required by sanufacturersRadiation Hasards from and users of electronic equipment.Electronic Ikuipmont
EMC November 1982 3-8
STANDARDS HANDBOOK REVISION DATE SECTION-PAGE
adcc
%H% v
a1 2 0..0 4-3 .4 l-J5 I 5!,41.0I5.a8I UU113Io**,
*j.. .Aa I55324:t
2 3 a5UIff at... .06"u1o -0
* = s.3.a
hf is . c 0a. 1 £181 10 ,2 -. w05 a55 0 a 0 0C. *0 o O
- u a- I t44 05 54 -I I I. -. y! 5..5.*5*.5
313 I-MI urh 182
0
-0 1.000. 0
:2. 1JIZ-.
EMC November 1982 3-9
STANDARDS HANDBOOK REVISION DATE SECTION.PAGE
I.
0i -
. 0
44IN 'a
AI ... 1 A i F' " " . 3 o
aa 0s
0 "0 0a a.
,! ~H IMP1.~
Oki M sa Aa] a 'N I. . u
.. Iio 0
a- .700 0 4
u .. - 11 ."J"o
12 0
- w I T, *:0
* 3.; wjL2 00 0.1. 4* ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 z Iu5.UaS..
a~~0 IL0L, c2~I
EMC November 1982 3-10
- -STANDARDS HANDBOOK REVISION DATE SECTION-PAGE
-.
. JAPANESE INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS
Japanese industrial standards are used by both commercial and
governmental organizations involved in design engineering, quality assurance,
research and development, construction, testing, and maintenance. They are
grouped into 17 specific divisions, of which the Electrical Engineering
division contains most of the EMC-related standards. Although adequate
information on them was not available by the publication date for this
revision of the EMC Standards Handbook, a listing of such standards is planned
I-Fi" TRANSACTIONSON F.LI..CTROMAGN.TIC COMPArI 1ILiIN. VOL. IFM.,24 %1) I. I IRL-,RN .r
Application Tables for MIL-STD-461BRICHARD B. SCHULZ. FELLOV. IF[+
Absraci-Tbe cemplexity in application of MIL-STD-461B is re- insure that the latest requirements are imposed. To tacili-duced by use otlables which summarize requirementsofthestandard. tate such checking, a part number of the standard is related toA separate table Is provided for a group of limits applicable to each its corresponding equipment classification number in Table I.type of test procedure.
To illustrate use of the application tables, consider twoDESCRIPTION examples. For the first of these, assume an aircraft trainer is to
MIL-STD-461B [1] is the basic and complex EMC standard undergo the CE03 Conducted Emissions tests on power andbased upon a variety of test procedures in MIL-STD-462with interconnecting leads. From Table IV. trainers are in Class A3.some procedures yet to be issued. The limiting acceptable In the CE03 application table, separat, listings are shown undervalues are sometimes uniform across the branches of service, Equipment Class A3 for Army (A), Navy IN). and Air Forcebut also are often different to reflect differing needs among (AF) requirements. (Others applicable to all services are de.the services. As a result, a vast array of requirements meets a noted by X.) Narrow-band (NB) emissions limitations for bothuser of MIL-STD-461B. To organize these in a (comparatively) the Army and the Air Force are found on tle first and secondsimplified format and permit ready application is the objective lines of the table for the frequency range 15 kHz to 2 MHzof this paper. and the seventh and eighth lines for 2 to 50 MHz. IThe lower
Tables I-.V describe the classes of equipment/subsystems portion of the table provides broad-band (BB) limits.) Theseon which the imits are imposed. Basic categories are listed in are expressed in dBuA by 29.3-3 1.1 log f. where the frequencyTable 1, with subclasses further detailed in Tables lI-IV. f is in MHz. Thus limits at I and 2 MHz would be. respectively.
Tables V-XXV summarize applicable limits for these 29.3 dByA and 29.3-31.1 log 2 = 38.7 dBlA. On the otherclaes on the basis of one particular type of test, for example, hand, narrow-band emission limits from 15 kHz to 2 MHz for"CE0I CONDUCTED EMISSIONS: POWER/INTERCONNECTING the Navy, lines 4 through 6, depend upon the supply frequencyLEADS (30 Hz-15 kHz)." This table, as well as others, notes (dc, 60 Hz, 400 Hz) and the supply current for values greaterboth the intended applications for these limits and pertinent than 1 4 (note c).limitations. Limits are provided for each class of equipment/ For a second example, assume a crash rescue truck is tosubsystems in terms of a simple equation for each frequency undergo the UM03 Radiated Emissions test. From the UM03range. Equations normally involve log f(frequency) and a few applications table, a crash rescue truck is a ptece of Group I
a constants. For ready visualization, a sketch of each is provided, equipment. In the table, broad-band limits are provided on linesSpecial conditions are provided in footnotes. I and 4. In units of dBuV/in/MHz. they are 79.7-10.7 log I
Although these tables are intended as a fast-access summary for 0.15-200 MHz and 5.6 + 21.5 logi for 0.2-1 GIIz. Valuesof MIL-STD-461B. initial use may require checking with the at I MHz and 0.2 GHz are. respectively. 79.7 dBtuV/iniMHzstandard until confidence in the tables is established, and to and 79.7-10.7 log 200 (or 5.o + 21.5 log 200) = 55.0
dBpV/m/MHz.
Manuscript received September I. 1981. REFERENCESThe author is with lIT Research Institute it the Electrolnagnetic III MIL-STD.hilB. t.ie, i~n i . .. r.. d 1 a,
Compatibility Analysis Center. Annapolis. MD. 21401 3011 267- Reqiwirtn, r ti ( , r ,, titr,=v,,,ri,, w/En't',3219. Dp ,I Ik-icn,,. Apr i. 1441
A l'Appendix A has been published as a technical paper: Schulz, R. B.,
"Application Tables for MIL-STD-461 8," IEEE Trans. EMC, Vol. EMC-24,
pp. 2-11, February 1982.
.~ ~ ~~~ - .- --. - - - - - - - - - - - -.- ,- ,
EMC November 1982 A-2
STANDARDS HANDBOOK REVISION DATE SECTION-PAGE
SCHULZ: APPLICATION TABLES 3
o 0
F
100
- C- 0
c 0 0
z=
Z0 0 0a 2 01
4-,.V a Z.4J0 0 00a .4 0
=0' ' .4 00 o '0 0, .0 e ' , ,
)?I f
0 ~. 0 . 0 402 w0'
c 0
lo
In 04' A
In' 01 V 0 a 0 0~4
W0 0 a V 0 M M 4 0 0
< 00 00
WI. ___.,
0 41.40 00 4 .0 0 0
06.4 000W N & . , '
is0 . 40 40 u10 c a 0 0 0 .00 1 0'
00.004f U . 00 . IcU -cc - cu . e~ -. c - 1l
tooVuwom, w "W'a w 0Z' q41 00Q 0 040
a~oa 0 0 0.0. 0 .40.4 .. ;ouau-
.~ ~ 0 0 ~4141
EMC November 1982 A-3
STANDARDS HANDBOOK REVISION DATE SECTION-PAGE
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY. VOL. EMC-24. NO. I. FEBRUARY 1982
1 IR DevicesTransponders CLASS A4Beacons Aplifier, Tuned RFPower Supplies Amplifier, Untuned SFi nertial Guidance Manpack or Helmet with Self-contained batteriesTaletypewriters Henpack or Helmet Using Ship PowerRecorders Sensors
Aplrais. Uxter l Isd: w/ft P -~r qrO~d, cat-Lo., IL.n.,¢dlatA.AACetAo0.. Sltfr aa.A L ud, actc p0eo clatss OLO-s S Itfnal In t pa .a
A i A A/ p - -ntrL -2 M. 29.3 *1.1 La f d A.
ac. to0-Lz I 64.l~ oS S *AUde.r tontr, Stm* PS.-Z h 2l5. - P.P oq f 1A.A..... :08....
M ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ A 6 A c 6 i o aA rootro
, t.., . I 2 6.4 6 At,
It05 A A A .z f. It,.
A A u, c n o IS i 2 W. - 62.5 -414 AI f .A/WxA A . 1c / d c p 1 c o n t r o l ) - 00 . 2 2 1 " f ,
P A4 6G) 0. . 0 I.0 ,
1 S C , oef roL.s qft, I- 6.4 -31.2 Ltq f
N x < I.: dr. 60 ... 40 0 ;I to- 1. .,"t
Au ArmY. Lim 469 Al S-S A-Z.CospLp400 lot Sf4 Lass %a .a;,aPd. *Aub 0pct to i.r L n a arsby-ca- as&(6 * QAcptta. Note 4).
L."t q n o 66 -57 f.0 I IA. I adt n is 6 sad 1 (2.8] - S.43 iy ( 5 (Is, d - 'untt.drot CL... *It. It 5 p~~ouOT000.l.Ld c r .d or 1-,.4u ,00 A- .5r -W th- o.. csl ra .5aso.Loyu
TABLE VIIC CONDUCTED EMISSIONS; ANTENNA TERMINALS
(10 kHz-I 2.4 GHz; Dependent on rx f O )
* App ' .6( .r *3At , P.P.. P-...'.r
TABLE VillrCE07 nCONDUCTED EMISSIONS: POWER LEADS. SPIKES
(Time Domain)
-.1or
asPas
Cu * P 01tOOt P-P 03 P *
November 1982 A-5
EMCSTANDARDS HANDBOOK REVISION DATE SECTION-PAGE
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY. VOL. EMC-24, NO. I. FEBRUARY 1982
TABLE IXSO-I]CONDUCTED SUSCEPTIBILITY: POWER LEADS
(30 Hz-SO kHz)
Apication. 0amtet/osusystamn external ponr l .ads, nMludtnq qtoaad and feutr.l not Lntro lly qroWtAd.iotmitolt~oOtO. Vi/tA CIt ml . my be deleted if - intarnal-litcuit oenoitLnity 4100 FV. Tor 00f.
not .ppiioabio to Cslam. unless specified in procurenmnt.
API
A A3 A4 A II (e -10 k0I t Li V0Vi 0 vMHl1 vol..9.s
30 AN 1.5 6kz 0.? V1 '30I3 '30 3
0 .1 v1
5
'1 150
I.S - SO k ' (9.00 - 5.91 Loq f) 0.01 V1
,30. . 0 0 . . (9.00 - 5.91 lo 1) 0.0 1 V '50
XO 3].0 o (-0.16 * 0.457 S.q illO.OV1-Sl 30-100x x x .. I, ,"0:0V'i, iS0-00 0 0 r 5.0 . (-.3° 116 *
+0.637 (oq 0) (0.01V
1-5) 5i0 100 " 10
0'3 20 [3. -1.31 'e 100x x x S 0 5.5 - 2.63 109 f 0100
nlt Ar 00y, not applicable Eor d lead..samas s0100 op-ltiad in procorement.
&0 t " >1.SS a; (n L fundamental freeny of test te."Altornoto Whan sour.c 0 0nnot develop roqecd voltW at tent item after havtnq beenadjulted to diosipote 50 W in O.5-ohe 1o.d, tot ite ins considered not susceptible.
TABLE X
CONDUCTED SUSCEPTIBILITY: POWER INPUTTERMINALS(SO kHz-400 MHz)
Application. aguipment/subsystee power input terminals, includinq qroundsand neutrals not internally grounded.
Limitation. For Army, not applicable to Class B unless specified inprocurement.
R OuPMEP CLASS FREQUENCY SOURCE RSQUIRMZ014Al A2 A3 A4 AS B RANGE (Volts rms)
XX X x x x 50 kHz -400 MHz I V, 50-ohm source
a Alternate: When i w, 50-Q source cannot develop required voltaeq
and test item shows no response, item is not considered susceptible.
Application. Receivinq equipoent/subsystess: recelvers, RF amplifiers, transceivers, etc.Limitation. For Army, not applicable to Classes A2, A3, B unless specifid in procurement.
ErflpOra
T CLASS FREQUENCY SOURCE REsJIRqD1T (dS I ntd reference)Al A2 A3 A4 AS 9 RANGE
a No. N (odulsted( (O.2 (fC)
x x x x 3 - 2 M~z 66 61 bt610 db'2 25 mpqzb 80
30 - 400 Hzb 80 6 b
0.4 - 10 GHz
D rependent upon operatinq frequency ranqe of test item, as follows; from higqher of
0.1 fo or 30 "S to smaller of 10 fo or 10 GRz, where f. is the tuned frequency.bThis ranqe not applicable to test 0t'nS operstsnq w0thsn the ranqo.
EMC November 1982 A-6STANDARDS HANDBOOK REVISION DATE SECTION-PAGE
TABLE XVIIIRE0_ RADIATED EMISSIONS: MAGNETIC IELD (30 Hz-50 kHz)
Aj~ppcstiOns. ,netic fields emitted by cases and cablns of equsent/subsystems; not antennas.
Limitations. Class Al: AS.i aircraft only.Class 52: (~ a case-by-case basis only.Class A3: Navy fi/ed/mobile grnund facilities; ,)tierwise. on a case-by-case basis.
EQUIIPMENT CLASS E M I S 1 0 N L I M L T S
Al A2 A3 A4 A5 B TYPE SW FP.EV. RANGE (f 1. kltz UNITS SEC
TABLE XVIIIRADIATED EMISSIONS: ELECTRIC FIELD (14 kHz-10 GHz)
f!3J RADIATED EMISSIONS: SPURIOUS AND HARMONICS(10 kHz-40 GHz)
= O.901 o6 SS SMIO I S t 'ob . 40 CMol0
U,,.eseo in~Le. toV tt o.0 ~sf 1P vrH-0Xa 0Is.I
to s, o p.o1 9 .. *.io .y.. ..... .......... .... ..I..-1 -t.p
o", ,, dOP 0 0.0 OCI 0 0 . 0 0x
• 07 10. t-3 a a01 l tO 101 . *O.
-- ., .... - -. ,J -" . .... ,----.. .---- 0.----
---
to o a - '2ss.. t I. 00 IO-. Ot. e 0
.'.." .. .... .. " .
TABLE XXrWflRADIATED SUSCEPTIBILITY: MAGNETIC FIELD
(30 Hz-50 kHz)
Application. Equipment/subaysms, associated cabling and connectors.Limitations. Applicable to Class Al only for ASW aircraft.
.0 For Navy, applicable to Class A3 only for fixed or mobile ground
facilities; other applications on a case-by-case basis.For Army, applicable to Class A3 on a case-by-case basis, subject to approval.
EQIPMENT CLASS FRQENCY SOURC R&UMEIRNTSAl A2 A3 A4 A5 B RANGE (f in kHz) UNITS SKETCH
x Nxx 30 - 450 Hz A) 100.4 - 39.1 log f d~pTS, 0.45 - 30 kHz A) 106.8 - 20.8 log fA _ 0- Hs. A 76A 30 Hz - 30 klz 9) 79.1 - 40.0 log f ,
_o_ _ o o4_0 5 3a so.".
TABLE XXIrl RADIATED SUSCEPTIBILITY: MAGNETIC INDUCTION
FIELD, SPIKES, AND POWER FREQUENCIES
Application. Equipments/subsystems.Limitations. For Army, power-frequency requirement of Class A3 not applicable
unless specified in procurement.Applicable to Class A4 only for items intended for surface ships.Applicable to Class AS only for items intended for submarines.
Applicable to Class B only on a case-by-case basis; for Army, onlywhen specified in procurement.
10 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY, VOL. EMC-24, NO. I. II.BRUAHY 1982
TABLE XXII
I RADIATED SUSCEPTIBILITY: ELECTRIC FIELD(14 kHz-40 GHz)
Application. Inulpent/SUbySteesO.Limitations. For 10 GH c I A 40 Gil, applicable only to intentional emitters on aircraft (Class A),
spacecraft and launch vehicle. (Class A), and ships (ClaeS A41.Note special requirements for non-metaLlic aircraft or structures (Class Al)For Navy recebvinq sites (Class Al), the source requireent la I V/e at all frequencies.for Army, applicable to Class 5 only shen specified on procurement.
EQU1IP9MT CLASS rtpEzlcw SQUACt RETIREMENT . ,bAl A2 A3 A4 AS 8 RANGE FIRST SECOND ( i
A A14 kf- 2 MRS I V/
30 N - 2 Gir 52 - 10 Gl9 5
XO X- 40 GHE 2040
Is 40
99$ 4
N4 Id UB 40 Gft 200 (non-tallic aircraft, structures)
14 kill 0 N"' I (below deck) 100 (sbone decAi30 NI 10 GMa I (belo. deck) 200 Iabone dock)
A 14 AU - I of t
x P4 kwB . 10 w9k
A bov 30 INk, the requirement is for both honinonta Aon verticsl polaizati
b Conslder operational M *nv'ifOlwet (See 1IL-MMSf-23$). Ifluee here are minimum. Substantially hiqher
values my require Odlfytnd procedarse of NIL-SWD-462, to be described in E Test Plan.
TABLE XXIII[' ]CONDUCTED AND RADIATED EMISSIONS AND RADIATED
SUSCEPTIBILITY: ENGINE GENERATORS/COMPONENTSIN. OR POWERING, CRITICAL AREAS
IRE!Licattons. I,11, mennrand aoc d cnopunente, an. rrntbl. per gete S andM nob,) electrlc .. d . NP1equpment upplnq Owrt ,rae.In. ,rlt;cal arean flags 925, in rho f..lo.tnu ... u.
EMC November 1982 1-11/12STANDARDS HANDBOOK REVISION DATE SECTION-PAGE
w~ A M Ln
4) 4
4) -4 4
-4.- 010 43
.4A .0 44
41 >
x 41 c
D CD C O D M O
EMC November 1982 1-13
STANDARDS HANDBOOK REVISION DATE SECTION-PAGE
0~~~ 7mN7 NmmC 7 n
4* In0
06~
In~0 00 I 4 ) ) 0'0 V4' U n is 4) ' ' 0 %0 4') U
'0 E- EW 54 E0 0; E.4 $45'4 rn CO 0 0 t
CO ca 0c CO 5.
>.4)
U) 0E-4.-
P4 0 J
zj a
4~~ to * *4141 c
00 CO 1 1,2>
0 0)
w~~~.. 400w>
q c4 0 toM) O'V .00 1"
4 4 t4 4, 0
04 CO004J .4 $a0
04 0 la M0 -c 00
4)w a U
41 I UU) U )0
0 w 4 0U444
EMC November 1982 1-14
STANDARDS HANDBOOK REVISIO 0 JATE SECTION-PAGE
134 (4 40 U U U U L ) C C C C 4 4 r4
* 44
2 ~ ~ -O0 ! Q (4 -ON-r -1 4 $N40 N
r- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - c
~-04 41 .
~I 0 544 544 r1 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 00
.0~Co w 0c" -
H4 4 4 0 W . M 4 %W t 4 _H H. H M. 2 Hi .H H H H10 0 ra0 $4 C) 1 1 2 z > C1 .4 ii
1-4 00) $ W MCC >00
04 0
0 c) fu U
* 0~ 0
43 U4 UH
EMC November 1982 1-15
STANDARDS HANDBOOK REVISION DATE SECTION-PAGE
1 rl M LCC.) OD OD CD IN CO (n ( N ( N N N
OD (NO w ~ (D Q c N k
E-4M P - - M n
4q W- W w0 i w
00
00
0) )Z -44
03 0Er. A
4) A 1 4j0 ,
x 41 0
-4 -4 t-
0 .4 J0 to CT 00
41s O) M 0. 01 4 )U d
0 4 4 c 41 rl 4J .0 0 E5 H L
0 4) sw 0 r 0 iv 0 1 e 0
or 0 0 0 0 i - 0
to W 8 0 i Ci)01 0 H ow Di Hw 00
.4 0 H 10 4)0 M 4
w c U 0 0 0 0 hi '0
0 W00 1 g) '0H) H" > H1 Ai Ai H 0 041) H M wii
(U H 0 H 0 0 i 0 '
EMC November 1982 1-16
STANDARDS HANDBOOK REVISION DATE SECTION-PAGE
~d 0N0 LM - rA - 0 0 - IV -ou .%O0 h%0 c N O- 1Ln NI (4tt N C4 r4 - N NI
A 4 1 V Aii "gl~I A 111A 11111
.~41 I
46 O~N N '.0 ~ 0 A ~- '0 N
~ N q6 CN CO -4MN u 0 co ."46 N 0
6. H 154 H 2 H (2 OH a02 H H H UO UO 00 CO H11HZ ~ I COOMI> oc z O M H 0
0
.1
41 0 r
41 0.4)
0 w0$
0 ': 0 00 _1 41 >. 4
.0 0 4
0 0 0
0 0, 0 w- c0 $
01 *.- .41 C . 0 0 .4 -,0 "40. 0 to' c. 0 "
.14 0 '0 c 1
"4 fa 41 0 W 2 *-4 *E i to1. w c co04o 0
41 ~0 02 041Ai 0 41
00 0 Hn
0 CO 2 "-4 41
cu 0.u
* .7 . .
EMC November 1982 1-17USTANDARDS HANDBOOK REVISION DATE SECTION-PAGE
M Ei OD ~ n- 0~ .4 . (11 I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I
on Ln U- o* I c(
w A~ f 9O In r- A Of r- 0C4
m 9E4 E1 0 W 0 wto -c 0 04 - - - -
02 4
04
02 0
O 0In 0
IX 42
-4 1- c 0) :z 4I- 0 0 0 c~ ..4 ,I 02 1 i .24 0, to
4) 0~ r-4.2~ ~ 4 44 0 U04144 0- 04 0 0 0~ '0
04 002 w' 0 412 N
-4 rj a 4j 4-,4 0w m Ac i 00 . U 0 EU4 -,1 0 .02 .4 T
0%I g ~ 44 0 04 14 m -4 0 a0 4la 4 02 E) m1 -4 '.1 - 4
.14 *9r4 c 44 g I z2 4U
0 r. 0w .,4 ' 02Wfa -ej -MO 4 w 4 .4 (
0 00 e 0 F-4 A0 IU to 0 w v2 to
w. 9: 0IA wI 41 wD cM W a 0'w o
0 1o , >4 c w 11 4
KEMC Nqovember 1982 1-18
STANDARDS HANDBOOK REVISION DATE SECTION-PAGE
4 -- - 00 -4 OD 0l
0 -n r
fu 0 ! U,%0 -
C4 lA In M - M a
u) C 0 - 0c 0.~ 0 . N O06* (
bl (A
4..)
.(a
Nc 0u 1
5.4 41 41 0 .4 -404wC)0 0 0 -4 z D U
C 1 41 1 41 0 W z 4 ..41 0n M41 w 4 M t
%.4 .,.q fe t.I41 w 410- Ln 0c 4' 1 > 4CO U 4 0 41 04 04.- U
wo0 0 Id U
CP C6 r4 Cw c)I 0 1 '4 C4) ~ 54 ~ I
c4 )
EMC November 1982 1-19
STANDARDS HANDBOOK RE VISION DATE SECTION-PAGE
w4) O qw M M - -%IV 00 .O 00 QD N f- 0%4 (4
C4 (N C4l C.4 If4 LIM . - - F - .4 M M ~I . I. . . N 4 m 7 7 (.4 c.4 (4 (4 N m (.0 (.4w
id I I I I I
4.-
ed 0co IV '.0 4 M en C4 -n-
(D 0o Uo 004 E4 0 0 W M
z W0M N 0 - -4 -0 0 NM MN x W.
0'4ru g 4 0U)0 ui 0 M a
4)~C' C'2 a-a 0 0 16 -A .
.2 o 4 nio a- 24 a-.4 41 4) cn 2
2 0) 2 0 ~ Aj 15 4 0 ~ 2 C
.1w 0 02 0 0V 4 U)4 o 2 1.4 0j - 4 0)
w c i r c V1.a M4) 0 " t I02 2 2 0 03 4i ca ., 4 ~o lra
(a - 4 8' %a c 0 in 4g to 0 %0
) to C4 , -A 4J4 w2 9 0 4ta 0 9 - .0 0(A0 0 02 2
0~ ~ ~ -1A 0 0 w 0>A.4 .. 04 a 0 $ E-40 *4 41 0 U 0
44 Ai- 0U * 0 0 fa 4 02 2 0 C .a0, 0 A l a5 4 0
4 0 0 l 1-4' 4) 02 0 *-04 4)02 .2 0 0 * 0?0 4 . .. M0 w 0 Uo -,4 0J 4) 00 I OA M 0 02
ad4)w 0 -4 e 0. M W 1.a -4 >4 4) 000 ad w44 0 5 00 -4 w m 1cn 4 a
0 l~4) a 002 la O (1-. 4) z'9 .4 04 0) U0 a.0 4)
... 44 ad4 *. *- 0 2 1.'0aIi tol 02 0*.. I 0 -> ,. W fa 14 0
~ *~40 0 02 0 0
EMC November 1982 1-20
STANDARDS HANDBOOK REVISION DATE SECTION-PAGE
C4 -O Q C4J CNI %0 W0 LAC4 C4 C4 OD (4 c C4 C~4 CJ C~4 W r4 (~4
(~4 M n O 05 M ali
0 Mt Ml
L n4 w
04
c 0
04 0) 4100
.6 .. U 0 U )
00 r* _ 0 a-4 0~ E-404 =)" 0 0j
b ) 0 00 (n0 lu-(a 04 1) 4) 4343
*0 *0 ItU 0 .
tr U) wl to 014 4
431
PEMC November 1982 1-21STANDARDS HANDBOOK REVISION DATE SECTION-PAGE
N N V co IA N N- U
41 0
$I 4- 13 0 L
C4 M~ C4 0 4 Uad -04 - n L A L
00 0 Nn - A'Ckin~w Mc w w MW 4 - IN w
pa N H H a4 C) 136~r~14 I N'. H H ".4N N
0
.404 41
0 UM. W1 040 L
04 'I9 0u .0 CJ4 . 4
04C4 0 - 4 41
4o P40 N 4 &4
4'n
04 '- . 0 4
41 0 4 4
co 'Ie h 0 E 0 a0.rh.0 00 *) -
4) (3 H ~ U) 04 04 .5 ~ 4
6. 0o c44 o
7..- . . . . .
EMC November 1982 1-22
STANDARDS HANDBOOK REVISION DATE SECTION-PAGE
0 CD C4 -4-0 0 u 0% tn It) C4 %- (- %D~0- '0 .II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
on in o to .4 N~ - 4. 0,~ 0 0 NON 1
I& A. U%0 %0) 0 %0 - n NE- -o &- N - E-4 &s 0 I I4 f
1~1 U
>
" - 0•. .4.4=w
Iz
0
00
En
0 0
i.4
OII2
* 0
-. 4 1
c )
4 4) r
0441 0 0
1.41
1020 41
EMCNovember 1982 1-23/24
STANDARDS HANDBOOK REVISION DATE SECTION-PAGE
In
4
hi0 P'13 0-
- C4 I 0wa z Nn W4 W 4 14
-4* 4)
04' 4041 0 -A 0
4 -4 -4 -A
h.4 0$40 04
If6 0 U >
@2 00 -4j000 UU4
*0 Ilk O
41 00 (1
04 0
>.0 0 00 4)-
u A4
@0
hi 4 .. 04
EMC November 1982 R-1/R-2
STANDARDS HANDBOOK REVISION DATE SECTION-PAGE
LIST OF REFERENCES
1-1 Department of Defense, Specifications and Standards Applications, DODDirective 4120.21, Washington, DC, 19 April 1977.
1-2 Department of Defense, Tailoring Guide for Application of Standards andSpecifications in Naval Weapons Systems Acquisitions, MIL-HDBK-248,Washington, DC, 1 April 1977.
1-3 Department of Defense, Policies for the Management and Control ofInformation Requirements, DoD Directive 5000. 19, Washington, DC,12 March 1976.
1-4 Department of Defense, Department of Defense ElectromagneticCompatibility Program (DTACCS), DoD Directive 3222.3, Washington, DC,5 July 1967 (Change 1, 27 September 1972).