Electro-Magnetic Shielding Products Standard Products - Power and Data Cable Shielded Trays - Shielded Backplanes - Transformers Shielded Cages Electromagnetic Field Protection for: Electronic Equipment Human Beings When downtime is not an option and safety is paramount
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Ele
ctro
-Magnet
icShie
ldin
g P
roduct
s
Standard Products
- Power and Data Cable Shielded Trays- Shielded Backplanes- Transformers Shielded Cages
Electromagnetic Field Protection for:Electronic EquipmentHuman Beings
When downtime is not an optionand safety is paramount
Certificate CE (Safety)Certificate TÜV (Performance)
Index
Electric Field: E- f (Voltage)- High Freq.: above 30
KHz up to 1 THz
Magnetic Field: H- f (Amperage)- Low Freq.: above 0Hz
up to 1-30 KHz
E-Fie
ld(V/m)
106M
ETER
S
103 M
ET
ERS
1 METER
1mm 300m
WAVE
LENG
TH
EMI S
HIE
LDIN
GRANGE
SOFT
HARD
GAM
MA
CO
SMIC
AM
FM
VHFUHF
X-RAYS
RAYS
RADI
OW
AVES
MICROWAVES FAR NEAR
1 Hz
106 Hz(1MHz)
109 Hz(1GHz)
1012 Hz(1THz) 1015 Hz
(1PHz)
1018 Hz(1EHz)
1021 Hz
1024 Hz
ELECTROMAGNETICSPECTRUM
0,7
μT
0,4
μT
VIS
IBLE
LIG
HT
PO
WER
INFRAREDULTRAVIOLET
(HV, MV and
LV AC and DC
Power origined)
1 Hz
PO
WER
H-FieldμT (mG) 103 Hz
(1kHz)
2
Electro Magnetic Fields (EMF) generated by high power cables and bus-bars are a growingconcern and a technical challenge to Consultants, Facility Managers and people in general,world-wide, in many facilities and buildings, due to new restricting EMF emission standardsthat limit continous exposure to people and machines due to health and performance issues.
AST shielding technology is the result of years of experience and over 500 successfulinstallations that have provided the know-how to standarize high-performance EMF shieldingproducts presented in this catalog.
Continuous exposure to Low Frequency Electro Magnetic Fields (EMF), caused by high powerelectric loads, as high power cables, alter the normal functioning of electronic equipmentand affects human beings health.
15% of electronic equipment failures (such as servers, electro-medical, PLCs... malfunction)or communication networks´ underperformance are reported to be caused by EMF .
EMF related problems are growing rapidly as per increasing power consumption in any buiding,creating more EMF sources and at the same time, affecting more people, as per space scarcetyand proximity to such loads.
EMF exposure is limited by various compulsory norms:
1.Why Shielding?
Screen Flickering 33 %
System Hang-up 25 %
Transmission problems 10 %
Server Crash 16 %
Data Corruption 16 %
Others 6 %Power
ElectromagnetiocFields
Air Condtioning
Air Purity
Hardware
Others
Origin of Hardware Failures (%)45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
05
00
EMF Source:three phaseBUSBAR (Amps)
100 A
300 A
500 A
1000 A
3.000 A
5.000 A
Minimum safedistance forcomputers,electronicequipment andmachinery as perIEC/EN standard(in meters) <3,75μT
0,46
0,8
1,32
1,46
2,52
3,26
Minimum safedistance toHuman Beingsas per NCRPstandard(in meters) <1μT
0,89
1,54
2,0
2,82
4,89
6,32
EMF Source:three phasePOWER CABLE(Amps)
100 A
300 A
500 A
1000 A
3.000 A
5.000 A
Minimum safedistance forcomputers,electronicequipment andmachinery as perIEC/EN standard(in meters) <3,75μT
1,35
1,60
3,03
4,29
5,26
9,6
Minimum safedistance forHuman Beingsas per NCRPstandard(in meters) <1μT
2,6
3,2
5,8
8,31
10,1
18,6
Tutorial
Electro-Magnetic Shielding Products
- Electronic equipment and Machinery: Limit of Magnetic Field exposure by norm IEC/EN 61000-4-8 is 3,75 uT(microTeslas) and is complusory to provide an environment with less than such level to ensure the secure and goodperformance of every-day-more-sensitive electronics and machinery. Norm IEC/EN 61000-4-3 establishes for sensitiveelectronics < 1 v/m limit exposure to high frequency EMF.
- Human Beings: limit of EMF continous exposure by NCRP to 1μT, must be observed to ensure people´s safety andavoid any health risk.
Tutorial
3
General description
4.- Image Distortion
Tutorial
Electro-Magnetic Shielding Products
-U.V. Radiations: skin problems (reduction of Langerhans cells) and eyes.-Infrared Radiations: thermal effects-Radiofrequency (R.F.): thermal effects and bioelectric interferences, genetic transmission problems, nervous and heart system.
some relevant studies conducted to date:
-National Institute of Occupational Health (Magnetic Fields and Cancer: cellular study. Bo Holmberg): research on cancertumors and EMF exposure.
-Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Sciences, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (OSHA) (Cincinnati)(Magnetic Field exposition in skin cells, J. Snawder, R. Edwards): research on tumor and magnetic fields of 100 μT over a 14 day period.
-Electric Power Research Institute (Palo Alto) (Magnetic Fields and Animal Cells, J. Mc.Cann, R. Kavet, C. Rafferrty): researchon tumor and magnetic field.
Note: Although none of the studies conducted to date can absolutely correlate EMF and human health effects. AST stronglyrecommends to apply the ALARA (As Low As Reasonable Achievable) principle in accordance with NCRP recomendation.
5.- Hardware degradation and destruction.
Before
Electron and conductor atom flow
Depletion site Accumulation site
After
Detail of a damaged stripin an integrated circuit.
Source Gate Drain
ImageNon-distorsioned
n np
Magnetic and Electric Field Low Frequency ( 0Hz – 100 kHz)
Magnetic Fields:- Transformers- Low Voltage Cabinets- Low Voltage Lines (including Bus-bar and Subway cables)- High Voltage Lines (aerial, underground)- Railways lines, Subway Lines- UPS- Others: lightning, engines, electrical heaters,...
Electric Field:- High Voltage Lines
2. Origin of EMF and Sources
Induced electron flow
Natural electron flow
EMF Effects on Electronic Equipment
1.- Electromigration:cause broken strips and communication problems.
3.- Antennae Effect:EMF Interference and some of the electrons are radiated,transforming the narrow strip in an antenna.
2.- Hot Electron Effect:induced transients, provoke logic errors and destroy transistors.
Image distorsioned byElectromagnetic Fields
n
EMF Effects on Human Beings
Electric Field High Frequency (100kHz - 10GHz)
- Radars, Radio emitters, Mobile Phone Substations,AC Drives
4
Tutorial
Electro-Magnetic Shielding Products
Ensure the accomplishment of compulsory EMF limit standards and provide security and safety of any equipment or peoplenearby:
- Cable trays (providing shielding and power distribution at the same time)- Switch cabinets- Transformers
by:
3. Benefits
4. Shielding TechnologyMagnetic Field Low Freq.: Hybrid Technology
Passive shielding by flux shunting
MAGNETIC FIELD
ferromagnetic shield
AST Shielding Solution consists of a cost-effective hybrid shielding technology that by the combination of high-permeabilityand high conductivity materials produce a double effect of EMF absortion minimizing the residual magnetic field by an “eddycurrent” effect that pushes back the residual field back-in.
A smart design, that overlaps all cable tray segments minimizes any EMF leakage.
- Fully standardized products.- Special solutions upon request.- Provides secure environment for electronic equipment
and machinery and for people.- Certified EMF shielding performance according to IEC
standards.- Suited to any sort of building and applications: Office
buildings, Hospitals, Semiconductor plants,...- Complete turn-key solution from one single catalog
and source (trays, fasteners, supports,...)- Easy to install.- Suited to install in horizontal or vertical cable risers.- Shield-Tray provides convenient air-cooling to cables.
- Various models, sizes and Shielding performance suitedto different needs and applications.
- Maximum safety- Easy to select.- Shield-Tray segments overlapped to minimize EMF
leak by Belt technique.- Documented certification.- CE marked.- Earthing connection points.- Heavy duty construction.- Warranty 10 years.- Anti-rust treatment
Eddy current cancellation
Induced Eddy Current
Original Magnetic Flux
Counteracting Magnetic Field
Induced (cancelling)Magnetic Flux
+
5
7. RecommendationsNCRP Draft Recommendations on EMF Exposure Guidelines
Tutorial
Electro-Magnetic Shielding Products
Electronic Equipment
Magnetic Field - Low frequency
EN/IEC 1000-4-8: Inmuty for ElectronicEquipment up to 3,75 μT
Recommendations NCRP: Max. Magnetic Field recommended 1 μT
Requeriments Semicon Manufacturers: Magnetic Fieldup to 0,03 μT
Requeriments MRI (magnetic resonance) Manufacturers:Magnetic Field up to 1 μT
Others:
Real Worldwide Experience Cases:Computer Screens flicker form 0,4 μT Magnetic Field
Applicable Standard
Human Beings
Magnetic Field - Low Frequency
ICNIRP: Norm for people up to 100 μT
ICNIRP/ACGIH: Norm for heart problems people up to 50 μT
Others:Countries like Switzerland, New Zeland and some states ofUSA up to 1-2 μT
Electric Field - Low Frequency
ICNRIP / ACGIH: Norm for people up to 5 kV/mICNRIP / ACGIH: Norm for heart problems people up
to 1 kV/m
Applicable Standard
5. Limits and StandardsMagnetic and Electric Field Low Frequency
Norms and Recommendations
Here below is repoduced Section 8 of the June 13, 1995, draft of the report of NCRP (National Council Radiation of Protection)Scientific Committee 89-3 on Extremely Low Frequency Electric and Magnetic Fields, which contains its conclusions andrecommendations.
“ 8.4.1.3 Option 3: An exposure guideline of 1 μT and 100 V/m: A considerable body of observations has documented bioeffectsof fields at these strengths across the gamut from isolated cells to animals, and in man. (...) . Most homes and occupationalenvironments are within these values, but it would be prudent to assume that higher levels may constitute a health risk
”
Test
Magnetic fieldat 50 Hz
Specification (max. level)
3 A/m3,75 μT
Norm
EN61000-4-8
6. NormsEN61000-4-8
6
Tutorial
Electro-Magnetic Shielding Products
8. General ApplicationsHow to protect people and electronics from ElectroMagnetic Fields
Benefits of EMC Building
Hardware: electronics destruction, degradation, screen flickering, hard diskc damage, ..
Complete protection to Software: data loss, data corruption, network speed decrease, ..
Human Beings: short and long term diseases, headache, migraine, child leukemia ..
ST ~ Standard Tray HPT ~ High Performance Tray UHPT ~ Ultra High Performance Tray
* IEC61000-4-8 level from electronic equipment protection ** NCRP level from human beings protection
Standard Products (Patent pending)
Shielded Trays (Power & Data)
Electro-Magnetic Shielding Products
ST ~ Standard Tray HPT ~ High Performance Tray UHPT ~ Ultra High Performance Traynote: chart according NCRP Recommendation (Protection for people) <1 μT
* special products and dimensions available upon request
100 A 300 A 500 A 1kA 3 kA 5 kA
Cable Cable Bus Cable Bus Cable Bus Cable Bus Cable Bus
Bar Bar Bar Bar Bar
uponrequest
uponrequest
uponrequest
Distancefrom the sourceto exposed area
EMFSource
< 0,8 meter HPT ST HPT ST UHPT HPT UHPT UHPT
0,8 - 1,5 meters ST ST HPT ST HPT HPT UHPT UHPT UHPT
1,5 - 2,5 meters ST ST ST ST ST ST ST HPT HPT HPT HPT
>2,5 meters ST ST ST ST ST ST ST ST ST ST ST
uponrequest
uponrequest
Trays to protect Human Beings:
ST ~ Standard Tray HPT ~ High Performance Tray UHPT ~ Ultra High Performance Traynote: chart according IEC 61000-4-8 (Protection for electronic equipment) <3,75 μT
100 A 300 A 500 A 1kA 3 kA 5 kA
Cable Cable Bus Cable Bus Cable Bus Cable Bus Cable Bus
Bar Bar Bar Bar Bar
uponrequest
uponrequest
uponrequest
Distancefrom the sourceto exposed area
EMFSource
< 0,8 meter ST ST HPT ST HPT HPT UHPT UHPT
0,8 - 1,5 meters ST ST ST ST ST ST ST HPT HPT UHPT HPT
ST ~ Standard Tray HPT ~ High Performance Tray UHPT ~ Ultra High Performance Tray* IEC61000-4-8 level from electronic equipment protection ** NCRP level from human beings protection
Shielding will be applied on theside which radiates into theaffected area.
If wall is made of brick or concrete,panels will be fixed directly to wallwith screws.
NOTE: Panels must be connectedto ground with 25 mm2 copperwire.
In other cases, where transformerare fencedand shielded panelscannot be fixed it will be necessaryto install some steel structure atthe beginning, to attach shieldingpanels.
Structure consists in tubulargalvanized steel with squaresection (80 x 80). Separationbetween beams is 1000 mm, sameas width of pieces.
NOTE: structure must beconnected to ground with25 mm2 copper wire.
Self standing structure2
1000
1000
500
1000
500
ShieldedCover
Direct support wall
500
ShieldedCover
1000
1000
500
1000
(all dimensions in mm.)
ShieldedCover
ColumnShieldedFlatBlackplane
40
* Self standing structure quoted under request
20
Shielded Transformers Cages
Electro-Magnetic Shielding Products
Ceiling protection
For ceiling installation, it will be necessary to mount somestructure in order to support all pieces.
The distance between ceiling and structure must be at least300 mm. and between transformer and structure at least 500mm. in order to ensure good ventilation.
Structure consists in tubular galvanized steel with squaresection (80 x 80). Separation between beams is aprox. 1000mm, same as width of pieces. See the picture beside.
NOTE: structure must be connected to ground with 25 mm2
copper wire
Ceiling
1000
500
1000
400
Transformer
500500Wall
(all dimensions in mm.)
1000
L
~5002000
D
(all dimensions in mm.)
1000
1000
500
Optional- ventilation system- complete shielding- access door
2500
2500
4000
The complete protection against magnetic fields in transformersconsists on shielding walls and ceiling.
In order to support all shield panels is necessary to mountthe appropiate steel structure.
The distance between ceiling and structure must be at least300 mm. and between transformer and structure at least 500mm. in order to ensure good ventilation. Distance betweenwall and structure must be at least 500 mm and betweenstructure and transformer must be at least 500 mm in orderto let free space for maintenance facilities.
The steel beams are separated 1000 mm. aprox.
Wall panels must be fixed to structure with 6 screws and 6nuts as minimum.
Ceiling panels must be fixed to structure with 4 screws and4 nuts as minimum.
“L” shielded panels sections must be placed on structure corners.
NOTE: structure must be connected to ground with 25 mm2
copper wire.
Complete protection
Structure quotedunder request
21
Shielded Transformers Cages
Electro-Magnetic Shielding Products
5. Applications and Installation ExamplesMagnetic and Electric Field Low Frequency
2. Offices and Residential Buildings:electronic equipment (computers,servers,…) and people protection(transformer,…).
1. Hospitals:protection of the sensible equipment (MagneticResonance Room (MRI) and surroundings, X-RayRoom,...) and people.
3. Factories:offices near transformers
6. Pharmaceutical and Bio-tech Labs.(transformer rooms)
5. Airports and Banks:communication racks, transformer room, ...