Home ELECTRIFICATION: KEY TO DECARBONIZATION AND RECARBONIZATION Earl Goetheer Earl Goetheer Earl Goetheer Earl Goetheer
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ELECTRIFICATION: KEY TO
DECARBONIZATION AND RECARBONIZATION
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‘’Human activity, by
using coal and gasoline,
is creating carbon
dioxide. In case this
theory (greenhouse
effect) is correct, this
means that we are not
going to have strong
winters anymore and
that summers will
gradually get warmer’’.
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Direct and indirect industrial emissions (28 percent of global CO2e emissions) require turnaround from growth to a steep decline to reach 2050 targets
GtonCO2e/yr
McKinsey, 2018
INDUSTRIAL CLUSTERS UNDER HIGH PRESSURE
• 40% of total CO2 emissions related to industrial clusters.
• In Rotterdam:
• 250+ Billion Euro capital assets.
• 450 Mtonnes material flow in 2015.
• 6,000 ha of industrial sites.
• >90,000 employed overall in harbor (20,000 @ industrial cluster)
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EUROPEAN PETROCHEMICAL (PROCESS) INDUSTRY AT HIGH RISK
1. Long-term prospects for northwest european refining, CIEP energy paper.
Only 12 out of 34 refineries in North West Europe must run post 2025.
Coal use accounts for 44% of energy consumption in non-metallic minerals, iron and steel, and chemicals
PETROCHEMICAL (PROCESS) INDUSTRY IS COMPLEX
NaCl Electrolysis Chlorine
Coal Electricity Air Air separation
SO3 Acid processing Sulphuric acid
Syngas Methanol Formaldehyde Polyethylene
Methyl Formate Ethanol Ethylmercaptanes
Methyl Chloride Alcohols, alpha Ethyl glycol ethers
Ethanol Acetaldehyde Acetic acid Lysine-L
Acetic anhydride Vinyl acetate
Methyl Amines Ethene oxide Ethene Glycol Oxalic acid
Ammonia Amines Ethanol amines Ethyldiamines
CHP Electricity Urea & Nitrates Alcohols, sec Ethoxylates
Nitric Acid Vinyl Chloride Poly(vinylchloride)
Ethene Chloroethene
LPG and Gas LPG Propene PE/PP rubber
Straight run gasoline Butene
Middle disti llates Isobutne Polypropene
Gasoline Butadiene Isopropanol Acetone Methyl Isobytyl/ Ketone
Kerosene Isoperene Allyl Alcohol Glycerine
Diesel Hexenes Acrylic acid Ethyl acrylate
Naptha Solvents Octenes Acrylic esters
Aromatics Benzene Cyclohexane Caprolactum Nylon-6 Propene oxide
Laurolactum Nylon-12 Butyraldehyde Ethylhexanol
Heavy atm. gas oi l Adipic acid Nylon-6,6 Acrylonitri le Adiponitrile Hexamethylenediamine
Ethylbenzene Styrene Polystyrene Adipic acid Adiponitrile
Vacuum gas oil Acrylonitrile SAN Butanol sec
Lube oil Cumene Phenol Anil ine Methacrylic acid Methyl methacrylate
Greases Toluene Alkylbenzene Sulfhonation Butanol tert
Lube base stocks Asphalt o-Xylene Pthalic anhydride Dioctyl Phthalate MTBE
Fuels p-Xylene Dimethyl Terephthalate/ Terephthal ic acidPolyesters Polyisobutene
Coke Neo acids
Butane Maelic anhydride Fumaric acid Polybutadiene ABS resins
Steel, Aluminium Cement Waste Energy
TiO2 etc.
Not included: Food processing, paper/pulp manufacture, electronics industry,
waste treatment (except incenerators), biogas and agricultural industry.Mineral
oresMetal processing
LimestoneKiln Incenerators
FE
ED
ST
OC
KS
PR
OD
UC
TS
Power plantsNitrogen/ Oxygen
Separation/
Reforming
Natural
Gas
Atm
osp
he
ric
an
d V
ac
uu
m D
isti
lla
tio
n
Refinery
operations:
Alkylation
Hydrotreating
Catalytic
reforming
Solvent extraction
Hydrocracking
Steam Cracking
Propane
Deasphalter
Visbreaker
Solvent dewaxing
Delayed Coker/
Flexi coker
Refinery
fuel gas
Crude
oil
Heating
oil
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Transition of Energy Sector and (Chemical) Industry
Raw Materials Conversion End-product usage End of Life
Feedstock
Energy
Conversion: intermediates and final
products
Application 1
Application 2
Application 3
Waste
Decarbonisation
1: Shift torenewable feedstock
2: Shift to renewable energy 3: Process and energy
efficiency
5: Carbon capture and (re)use
4: Circularity
SECTOR COUPLING IS CRUCIAL
Barriers and bottlenecks
18 Sector coupling: how can it be enhanced in the EU to foster grid stability and decarbonise?, EU study, ITRE Committee,2018
Grand challenge: Man On The Moon
Renewable
production of fuels
and (platform)
chemicals from
CO2, water and
nitrogen based on
photochemistry,
electrochemistry,
biotechnology
* Modified from NWO solar fuel
BAU: Business as usual
TP: Technological progress
BIO: Biomass and CCS
CYC: Closed carbon cycle- Circularity
35 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2019.05.004
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Impact different decarbonization options on CO2 emission (2050, gigatons)
CourtesyMcKinsey
100$/MWhr 20$/MWhr20/40 $/MWhr
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MESSAGE:
CLIMATE,
ENVIRONMENT
& TRANSITION
Climate
Environment Energy
Transition
CCS
ELECTRIFICATION
Nuclear
Gas
Nox/Sox filters
Blue Hydrogen
DISCLAIMER 1: SUSTAINABILITY (CO2)
PROBLEM WILL BE SOLVED.
DISCLAIMER 2: IT IS TECHNO-SOCIO-
POLITICAL.
Q: WILL WE BE QUICK ENOUGH?